Module 2.2

What is the Health in All Policy strategy (HIAP)?

"Collaborative governmental approach to health improvement by incorporate health consideration into an array of policy decision, and by engaging governments and other stakeholders in a multi-sector approach to shaping the economic, physical, and social environments in which people live, work, and play."

How does the CDC define social drivers of health?

"SDH are shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at both local and national levels"

How does the WHO define social drivers of health?

"the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age"

What are some types of social drivers of health involving access?

-Access to high-quality educational opportunities -Access to medical care services -Access to social media and other technologies -Availability of community-based resources and opportunities for recreational activities -Availability of resources to meet daily needs

What are some examples of how the law can be used to structure direct responses to health-harming social needs that result from things like impoverishment, illness, market failure, and individual behavior that harms others?

-EMTALA -Indian Health Service (IHS) -Texting and driving policies -Bicycle and motorcycle helmet laws

What are some benefits of MLPs from small-scale studies?

-Impact on patient health and well-being -Financial impact on partners and patients -Impact on knowledge and training of health providers

What do MLP do positively?

-Improve social conditions via civil legal assistance -MLP includes both medical and legal professionals

What are some examples of how law can be utilized as a mechanism through which behaviors and prejudices are transformed into distributions of well-being among population?

-Incarceration rate -Healthcare discrimination

What are some examples of how law can be used to design and perpetuate social conditions that can have terrible physical, mental, and emotional effects on individuals and populations?

-Jim Crow laws -The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 -The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978

The "root", "upstream", or "top-level" causes of population-level health inequities could include _____.

-Nations' system of governance -Laws -Public policies (such as housing, education, wage, etc.)

What are disparities (examples)?

-Personal behavior -Living environment -Political, cultural, and social environment -Income, geographic location, and education

What are some examples of disparities?

-Race -Ethnicity -SES -Age -Geography -Language -Gender -Disability Status -Sexual Identity -Orientation

What are some factors that contribute to health and healthcare disparities?

-Race -SES -Geographical location -Individual behaviors -Healthcare provider bias -Cultural expectations

What are some other types social drivers of health?

-cultural -language/literacy -public safety -residential segregation -social norms and attitudes -socioeconomic conditions -transportation options

What are 5 ways that law shapes life circumstances and health?

1. Design and perpetuate social conditions 2. Transformed behaviors and prejudices into distribution of well-being among populations 3. Determinative of health through under-enforcement 4. Determinative of health through interpretation. 5. Structure direct responses to health-harming social needs

What are health disparities and health care disparities?

Differences in health and health care between population groups

_________ contribute to health and healthcare disparities.

Drivers

What case helped determine the right to criminal legal representation?

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

What are examples of civil matters?

Immigration status Domestic violence Disability law Family law Housing needs Public benefits -Varied by state laws

Who is in charge of making policies?

Legislative Branch: Senators and House of Representatives

How can law be determinative of health through its interpretation?

Medicaid expansion in the ACA

Are structural drivers of health able to be controlled?

Not by the public, structural drivers are typically outside the direct control of individuals

What is an example of how law can be determinative of health through their under-enforcement?

Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992

Is there a link between social drivers and health outcomes?

YES, while most diseases and injuries have multiple causes, and while several factors and conditions contribute to a single death, the overwhelming weight of evidence demonstrates the powerful effects of socioeconomic and related social factors on health

Is law a social determinant of health?

Yes, the law plays a profound role in shaping life circumstances

There is no right to the assistance of a lawyer in _____ matters.

civil

What is medical-legal partnership (MLP)?

creates an interconnected care system that focuses on the whole patient, including the ways in which myriad social conditions factor into individual and population health

What is a "disparity"?

differences

What does equality mean?

equal

According to the CDC, drivers and determinants of health are ______.

factors that contribute to a person's state of health

What does equity mean?

giving people what they need

What are structural drivers of health?

how society operates

What does it mean when we say that a structural driver of health is how society operates?

how the society operates shapes the distribution of power, resources, and opportunities across the population

Where in the amendment of the U.S. constitution is the right to criminal legal representation?

in the 6th Ammendment

Disparities appear different through different ______.

lenses

Why are MLP needed?

many "life circumstances" issues are unfixable by healthcare providers alone

What is a healthcare disparity?

one group of people are getting a different level of access to healthcare compared to another group

What is a health disparity?

one group of people have a significantly higher burden of health issues compared to another group

Some of the policies, institutions, systems, norms, and practices are ______.

outdated

We use _____ to change behavior, but some policies are outdated, so their effects are not as strong.

policy

What is civil legal aid or civil legal services?

promote strategies to address the severe gap in access to both criminal and civil justice for low-income and vulnerable population

What are 2 examples of how some policies, institutions, systems, and norms are outdated?

racism and discrimination

Outdated policies can be _______ or _______.

removed and/or amended

What are social drivers of health?

social conditions into which people are born and that affect their daily lives and overall well-being as they move through life

What is another name for social drivers of health?

social determinants of health

Disparities in health and healthcare are a ______ problem and deeply challenging problem in the U.S.

systemic

What does it mean when individuals have a right to criminal legal representation?

the government is required to provide legal counsel to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own attorneys

What are social drivers?

things that explain social determinants

What does "grassroot" strategy mean?

use the general public to spread information

What does "grasstop" strategy mean?

using people that have power to spread the information so that everyone can hear about it ex: social media stars, celebrities, president

What is health equity?

what you need might be different than another person, give the person with higher needs services more than those that don't