Module 26.4
Blood in the urine would be called _____________.
hematuria
What is the outward pressure forcing water and solute molecules across the glomerular wall?
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Dangerously low GFR, which can lead to acute renal failure, can be caused by?
Hemorrhaging, shock, and dehydration
What effect does constricting the efferent arteriole have on the filtration process?
Increasing the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries Increasing glomerular filtration rate Increasing the volume of blood leaving the glomerular capillaries
What are the cells found between adjacent glomerular capillaries that can change the diameter of the capillaries and adjust blood flow?
Mesangial cells
What is the formula for net filtration pressure?
NFP = NHP - BCOP
The pressure that represents the resistance to flow along the nephron and conducting system is the __________.
capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
Autoregulation controls the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by __________.
constriction of the afferent arterioles dilation of the afferent arteriole constriction of the efferent arteriole
A decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure from 50 mmHg to 40 mmHg _____________.
is devastating to kidney function since at 40 mmHg, kidney filtration stops because the net filtration pressure falls to 0 mmHg
The filtration of plasma that generates approximately 180 liters/day of filtrate occurs in the __________.
renal corpuscle
Colloid osmotic pressure is the osmotic pressure resulting from ___________.
suspended proteins in the blood
In a person with normal blood pressure, what is the average glomerular filtration rate?
125 mL/min
What are the forces opposing filtration at the glomerulus?
Capsular hydrostatic pressure and blood osmotic pressure
Which of the following statements about the regulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is false?
Constriction of the afferent arteriole increases the GFR.
Which of the following is not a part of the filtration membrane in the kidney?
Glomerular capsule
Which of the following is the term for the blood pressure in the capillaries of the renal corpuscle?
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
What is the name for the regulation of the glomerular filtration rate, where the afferent arterioles adjust their diameter in response to blood pressure changes?
Myogenic mechanism
Which hormone produced by the heart increases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Natriuretic peptides
Regulation of blood volume is an important function of the urinary system. Which of the following is NOT involved with the regulation of blood volume?
Regulation of glucose levels
Which of the following occurs first when there is a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate?
Renin is released from cells of the juxtaglomerular complex.
Sympathetic innervation into the kidney is responsible for __________.
direct stimulation of water and sodium ion reabsorption stimulation of renin release regulation of glomerular blood flow and pressure
The amount of filtrate the kidneys produce each minute is the __________.
glomerular filtration rate
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by _____________.
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which is produced in the capillaries of the lungs
Dilation of the afferent arteriole and constriction of the efferent arteriole when blood flow and glomerular pressure decline cause __________.
an elevation of glomerular blood pressure to normal levels
Aldosterone stimulates ion pumps along the distal convoluted tubule DCT and the collecting duct causing __________.
a reduction in the number of sodium ions lost in the urine