Module 3- Subfields in Psychology Basic and Applied Psychology: 3-1 What is the difference between basic and applied psychology?

Environmental psychologists

- Study the interaction of individuals with their natural and built(urban) environments -they are interested and how we influenced and are affected by these environments -you might study wildlife conservation, The impact of urbanization of health, or cognitive factors involved in sustainable lifestyle choices -10 to address this by working with other professionals as part of an interdisciplinary team -you might work in a consulting firm, an academic setting, the nonprofit sector, or the government

Psychometric and quantitative psychologists

- Study the math related methods used to acquire psychological knowledge -May update existing neurocognitive or personality test or devise new test for use in clinical and school settings or in business and industry -they administer, score, and interpret such test -quantitative psychologists collaborate with researchers to design, analyze, and interpret the results of research programs -as both, you need to be well trained in research methods, statistics, and computer technology (most likely be employed by a university or college, a testing company, a private research firm, or a government agency)

Industrial-organization (I/O) psychologists

- Study the relationship between people and they're working environments -May develop new ways to increase productivity, improve personnel selection, or promote job satisfaction in an organizational setting -interest include organizational structure and change, consumer behavior, and personnel selection and training -you might conduct workplace training or provide organizational analysis and development -May work in business, industry, government, or college or university -May be self-employed as a consultant or work for a management consulting firm

Social psychologists

- are interested in our interactions with others -The study of how our beliefs, feelings, and behaviors are affected by an influence other people -they study topics including attitudes, aggression, prejudice, interpersonal attraction, group behavior, and leadership -you would probably be a college or university faculty member -May also work in organizational consultation, market research, or other applied psychology fields, including social neuroscience -some work for hospitals, federal agencies, social networking sites, or business performing applied research

Community Psychologists

- deal with broad problems of mental health and community settings (Beyond specific individuals and families) -they believe that human behavior is powerfully influenced by the interaction between people and their physical, social, political, and economic environments -promote psychological health by enhancing environmental settings— focusing on preventive measures and crisis intervention, with special attention to the problems of uncertain groups and ethnic minorities -some collaborate with professionals in other areas(public health) with a shared emphasis on prevention -work could be federal, state, and local Department of mental health, corrections, and welfare -May conduct research or help evaluate research and help service settings, serve as an independent consultant for a private or government agency, or treat and consult as a college or university faculty number

Counseling psychologists

- helped people adjust to life transitions to make lifestyle changes -help people with adjustment problems rather than severe psychopathology -conduct therapy and provide assessment to individuals and groups -emphasize your clients strengths, helping them to use their own skills, interests, and abilities to cope during transitions -May work in an academic setting as a facility member or administrator or in a university counseling center, community mental health center, business, or private practice -if you plan to work in independent practice you will need to obtain a state license to provide counseling services to the public

Neuropsychologists

- investigate the relationship between neurological processes(The structure and function of the brain) and behavior -May assess, diagnosis, or treat central nervous system disorders(Alzheimer's or a stroke) -May evaluate individuals for evidence of head injuries: learning and developmental disabilities,(autism spectrum disorder); and other psychiatric disorders(ADHD) -clinical neuropsychologist might work in a hospital's neurology, Neurosurgery, or psychiatric unit -also work in an academic setting(conduct research and teach)

School Psychologists

- involved in the assessment of an intervention for children in educational settings -diagnose and treat cognitive, social, and emotional problems that may negatively influence children's learning or overall functioning at school -collaborate with teachers, parents, and administrators, making recommendations to improve student learning -work in an academic setting, a federal or state government agency, a child guidance center, or behavioral research lab -assessing and supporting children: find themselves working with children individually or in groups; they receive interdisciplinary training in medical health assessment and behavior analysis, research methods and design, and special needs education; they work primarily in schools, but also pediatric hospitals, mental health centers, and correctional facilities

clinical psychologists

- promotes psychological health and individuals, groups, and organizations -some specialize in specific disorders, others treat a range (from adjusting difficulties to severe psychopathology) -provide therapy, but also engage in research, teaching, assessment, and consultation -work in private practice, mental health service organizations, schools, universities, industries, legal systems, medical systems, counseling centers, government agencies, correctional facilities, nonprofit organizations, and military services -to become one, you need to earn a clinical psychology doctorate -The APA sets the standards for clinical psychology graduate programs, offering accreditation(official recognition) to those who meet their standards -in the US, they work in independent practice and must obtain a license to offer services such as therapy and testing

Health psychologists

- researchers and practitioners concerned with psychology's contribution to promoting health and preventing disease -May help individuals lead healthier lives by designing, conducting, and evaluating programs to stop smoking, lose weight, improve sleep, manage pain, prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections, or treat psychosocial problems associated with chronic and terminal illnesses -As researchers and clinicians, they identify conditions and practices associated with health and illness to help create an effective interventions -in public service, they study and work to improve government policies and healthcare systems -you could be employed in a hospital, medical school, rehabilitation center, public health agency, college or university, or private practice(clinical psychologists)

Rehabilitation psychologists

- researchers and practitioners who work with people who have lost optimal functioning after an accident, illness, etc. -May work in medical rehabilitation institution or hospital, medical school, university, state or federal vocational rehabilitation agency, or in private practice serving people with physical disabilities

Experimental Psychologists

-A diverse group of scientists who investigate a variety of basic behavioral processes in humans and other animals -areas of experimental research: motivation, learning, perception, and language -most experimental psychologist identify with a particular theoretical perspective depending on their interest and training, others rely on experimental methodology to conduct studies -you would most likely work in an academic setting, teaching courses and supervising students research in addition to conducting your own research or might be employed by research institutions, zoos, business, or government agency

Sports psychologists

-Study the psychological factors that influence, and are influenced by, participating in sports or other physical activities -they can coach education and prepare athletes (as well as research and teaching) -with clinical or counseling degree, skills can be used to work with individuals with psychological problems(anxiety or substance abuse) that might interfere with optimal performance -if not working in an academic or research setting, then on a team or an organization or in a private capacity -cricket cures: sports psychologist often work directly with athletes to help them improve their performance

Educational Psychologists

-are interested in the psychological processes involved in learning -They Study the relationship between learning and the physical and social environments, and they develop strategies for enhancing the learning process -working in a university psychology department for school of education, you might conduct basic research on topics related to learning or develop innovative methods of teaching to enhance the learning process -you may design effective tests, including measures of aptitude and achievement -you may be employed by a school or government agency or charged with designing and implementing effective employee training programs in a business setting

Basic and Applied Psychology Examples

-basic research, pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base, is conducted to build psychological knowledge: Biological psychologists exploring the links between body and mind Developing psychologists study physical, cognitive, and social change through the lifespan Cognitive psychologists experimenting with how we perceive, think, and solve problems Educational psychologists study how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning Personality psychologists study individuals' characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting Social psychologists study how we think about, influence, and relate to one another these psychologists may conduct applied research, scientific study that aim to solve practical problems industrial-organizational (I/O) psychologists is the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces Human factors psychologists is a field of psychology applied with I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use Psychology is a science but also a helping profession that guides people toward healthier relationships, overcoming anxiety or depression, and raising thriving children Counseling psychologists assist people with problems in living(often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being Clinical psychologists study, assess, and treat people with psychological disorders Both counseling and clinical psychologists administer and interpret tests, provide counseling and therapy, and sometimes conduct basic and applied research By contract, psychiatrists are medical doctors licensed to prescribe drugs and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders Psychiatry is a beach of medicine dealing with physicians who are licensed to provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy Reformers like Dorthea Dix and Philippe Pin led the way to humane treatment of those with psychological disorders Rather than seeking to change people to fit their environment, community psychologists study how people interact with their social environment and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Psychology's Main Subfields: 3-2 What do psychologists working in various subfields do, and where do they work?

-majoring in psychology will leave you with a scientific mindset and an awareness of basic principles of human behavior(biological mechanisms, cognition, psychological disorders, social interactions) -it can prepare you in business, the helping professions, health services, marketing, law, sales, and teaching

Basic and Applied Psychology: 3-1 What is the difference between basic and applied psychology?

-psychology is united by a common quest: describing and explaining behavior and the mind underlying it -psychometric is the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Cognitive Psychologists

-study human thinking, with a focus on such topics as perception, language, attention, problem combing, memory, judgement, and deduction making, forgetting, and intelligence -may work as a professor, corporate consultant, or human factors specialist in an education or business setting

Forensic psychologists

Applied psychological principles to legal issues -conduct research on the interface of law and psychology, how to create public policies related to mental health, help Lauren Forssman agency in criminal investigations, or consult on jury selection and deliberation processes -provide assessment to assess the legal community -although most are clinical psychologist, many have expertise in other areas of psychology, such as social or cognitive psychology -some hold law degrees -you may work in a university psychology department, law school, research organizations, community mental health agency, law-enforcement agency, court, or correctional setting -psychology in court: they apply psychology's principles and methods in the criminal justice system; may assess witness credibility or testify in court on a defendant's state of mind and future risk

Developing psychologists

Conduct research on age related behavioral changes and apply their scientific knowledge to educational, childcare, policy, and related settings -you would investigate change across a broad range of topics, including the biological, psychological, cognitive, and social aspects of development -informs a number of applied fields, including educational psychology, school psychology, child psychopathology and gerontology -informs public policy in areas such as education and childcare reform, maternal and Child health, and attachment and adoption -you would specialize in a specific lifespan— infancy, childhood, adolescents, or middle or late adulthood -work setting could be an educational institution, daycare center, youth group program, or senior center