Module 3.04 MORAL DEVELOPMENT

The thought of receiving rewards overcomes the fear of punishment in what level of moral development?

Preconventional The preconventional level is based on external control, where the thought of receiving a reward overcomes fear of punishment so that actions that satisfy this desire are undertaken.

Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes how many stages?

Six Kohlberg's theory of moral development is composed of three levels, which contain six stages.

Why is the postconventional level of Kohlberg's model the most relevant to nursing? Select all that apply.

- It involves critical thinking and decision making; there may not be a single right or wrong answer., - You, as an adult, have the most control over your moral development at this level. The postconventional stage of Kohlberg's model is achieved when people assume a social contract orientation by displaying mutual respect, acknowledging pluralism, and applying universal ethical principles based on conscience and reasoning.

Pre-moral Level

1. Punishment-avoidance and obedience: make moral decisions strictly on the basis of self-interests. Disobey rules if you can avoid getting caught. 2. Exchange of favors: recognize that others have needs, but make satisfaction of own needs higher priority.

Conventional Level

3. Good child: Make decisions on the basis of what will please others. Concerned about maintaining interpersonal relations. 4. Law and order: look to society as a whole for guidelines about behavior. Think of rules as inflexible, unchangeable.

Principled Level

5. Social contract: recognize that rules are social agreements that can be changed when necessary. 6. Universal ethical principle: adhere to a small number of abstract principles that transcend specific, concrete rules. Answer to an inner conscience.

The main tenets of the conventional level of moral development are:

Concern with interpersonal accord and conforming to expectations The conventional level involves interpersonal accord and conforming to expectations.

Principled Level

Finally comes the principled level, which happens from around the age of 14 throughout your adulthood. This level is the most complex area of morality, and it is the most relevant to you as a nurse. This level is based on certain principles that apply to decisions, but more importantly, it recognizes that there are several situations that demand a unique approach, and these basic principles may be ever changing as you move through your life.

The conventional level of moral development includes which stage?

Good child and law and order The conventional stage is of moral development is when people are concerned with interpersonal accord, conforming to expectations, and following authority and social orders, such as obeying the law.

Conventional Level

Kohlberg suggests that the second level occurs from ages 8-13. As you become older, you begin interacting with others in your nearby environment more often, and although your motives are still likely to be self-centered, you begin to form your relation with the world around you.

Which is the least important level of moral development to nurses?

Preconventional Preconventional is the least important level of moral development to nurses.

A nurse acts according to the principles outlined in their state's scope of practice. The nurse completes all necessary requirements to maintain licensure by the state board of nursing. This is an example of what stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Stage 4 In Stage 4, social contract and utilitarian orientation, correct behavior is defined in terms of society's laws.

Pre-moral Level

The first level of moral development occurs around the ages of 3-7. This level is almost completely focused on individual well being, and almost all decisions are based around your own wants and needs with little consideration for others.

According to Kohlberg, a person's moral development is influenced by cultural effects on one's perception of justice and _______.

interpersonal relationships Kohlberg recognized that a person's moral development is influenced by cultural effects on one's perceptions of justice and interpersonal relationships.

A family member asks the nurse to call in sick to attend a family reunion. However, the nurse declines due to fear of getting reprimanded. Which stage of moral development is this?

preconventional The preconventional stage of moral development encompasses two stages: obedience to avoid punishment (stage 1) and self-interest orientation (stage 2).