Module 40: Basic Concepts of Psychological Disorders
The symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder begin to appear at a median age near:
20
Risk Factors of Mental Disorders
Academic failure Birth complications caring for those who are chronically ill or who have a neurocognitive disorder child abuse and neglect chronic insomnia family conflict low birth rate low socioeconomic status medical illness neuro chemical imbalance parental mental illness parental substance abuse personal loss and bereavement poor work skills and habits reading disabilities sensory disabilities social incompetence stressful life event substance abuse trauma experience
Why is the DSM, and the DSM-5 in particular, considered controversial?
Critics have expressed concerns about the negative effects of the DSM's labeling. Recent critics suggest the DSM-5 casts too wide a net on disorders, pathologizing normal behavior.
Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the:
DSM-5
What information would help a researcher determine if a psychological disorder were genetic in origin?
It is observed in all cultures
susto
Latin America a condition marked by severe anxiety, restlessness, and a fear of black magic
schizophrenia
_____ is a mental disorder that is most likely to lead to poverty.
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. 11% 4 to 17 aged children
psychological disorder
a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. dysfunctional or maladaptive interfere with normal day-to-day life
protective factors of mental disorders
aerobic exercise community offering empowerment, opportunit and security economic independence effective parenting feelings of mastery and control feelings of security literacy positive attachment and early bonding positive parent-child relationship problem solving skills resilient coping with stress and adversity self-esteem social and work skills social support
worldwide disorders
anxiety depression schizophrenia
A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or _____.
behavior
An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is MOST clearly provided by:
biopsychosocial approach
Many psychologists reject the "disorders-as-illness" view and instead contend that other factors may also be involved—for example, the person's bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the ________ approach.
biopyschosocial
The approach to understanding and classifying psychological disorders that is MOST likely to minimize stigma for the afflicted is the:
biopyschosocial approach
During an interview by a mental health professional, Blanca provided a great deal of information about herself. Of the information she provided, which is NOT considered a protective factor for Blanca?
chronic pain
anorexia and bullimia nervosa
eating disorder north America and western cultures
biological influences
evolution individual genes brain structure and chemistry
Hugh is an openly gay teacher. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Hugh's homosexuality is NOT a(n) _____.
illness
A therapist says that psychological disorders are sicknesses and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist believes in the _____________ model
medical
Kara believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Kara believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.
medical
At one time, people with psychological disorders were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced by psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This BEST illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:
medical model
People with disorders are_____ likely to be victims than perpetrators of violence
more
Which of the following provides evidence that there is a genetic component to schizophrenia?
observed in all cultures
immigrant paradox
people who have recently immigrated from Mexico, Mexican-Americans born in the United States are at greater risk of mental disorder
The symptoms of ________ appear around age 10; ________ tend[s] to appear later, around age 25.
phobias; major depressive disorder
Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but has a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which of these factors MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?
poverty
One predictor of psychiatric disorders that crosses ethnic and gender lines is
poverty
goals of classification
predict a disorder's future course. suggest appropriate treatment. prompt research into a disorder's causes.
social-cultural influences
roles expectations definitions of normality and disorder
The disorder that is MOST likely to result in the person living in poverty is:
schizophrenia
taijin-kyofusho
social anxiety about appearence, combined with a readiness to blush, fear of eye contact Japan
psychological influences
stress trauma learned helplessness mood-related perceptions and memories
medical model
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
genetics
the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.