Module 40: Basic Concepts of Psychological Disorders

The symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder begin to appear at a median age near:

20

Risk Factors of Mental Disorders

Academic failure Birth complications caring for those who are chronically ill or who have a neurocognitive disorder child abuse and neglect chronic insomnia family conflict low birth rate low socioeconomic status medical illness neuro chemical imbalance parental mental illness parental substance abuse personal loss and bereavement poor work skills and habits reading disabilities sensory disabilities social incompetence stressful life event substance abuse trauma experience

Why is the DSM, and the DSM-5 in particular, considered controversial?

Critics have expressed concerns about the negative effects of the DSM's labeling. Recent critics suggest the DSM-5 casts too wide a net on disorders, pathologizing normal behavior.

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the:

DSM-5

What information would help a researcher determine if a psychological disorder were genetic in origin?

It is observed in all cultures

susto

Latin America a condition marked by severe anxiety, restlessness, and a fear of black magic

schizophrenia

_____ is a mental disorder that is most likely to lead to poverty.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. 11% 4 to 17 aged children

psychological disorder

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. dysfunctional or maladaptive interfere with normal day-to-day life

protective factors of mental disorders

aerobic exercise community offering empowerment, opportunit and security economic independence effective parenting feelings of mastery and control feelings of security literacy positive attachment and early bonding positive parent-child relationship problem solving skills resilient coping with stress and adversity self-esteem social and work skills social support

worldwide disorders

anxiety depression schizophrenia

A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or _____.

behavior

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is MOST clearly provided by:

biopsychosocial approach

Many psychologists reject the "disorders-as-illness" view and instead contend that other factors may also be involved—for example, the person's bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the ________ approach.

biopyschosocial

The approach to understanding and classifying psychological disorders that is MOST likely to minimize stigma for the afflicted is the:

biopyschosocial approach

During an interview by a mental health professional, Blanca provided a great deal of information about herself. Of the information she provided, which is NOT considered a protective factor for Blanca?

chronic pain

anorexia and bullimia nervosa

eating disorder north America and western cultures

biological influences

evolution individual genes brain structure and chemistry

Hugh is an openly gay teacher. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Hugh's homosexuality is NOT a(n) _____.

illness

A therapist says that psychological disorders are sicknesses and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist believes in the _____________ model

medical

Kara believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Kara believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

medical

At one time, people with psychological disorders were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced by psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This BEST illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

medical model

People with disorders are_____ likely to be victims than perpetrators of violence

more

Which of the following provides evidence that there is a genetic component to schizophrenia?

observed in all cultures

immigrant paradox

people who have recently immigrated from Mexico, Mexican-Americans born in the United States are at greater risk of mental disorder

The symptoms of ________ appear around age 10; ________ tend[s] to appear later, around age 25.

phobias; major depressive disorder

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but has a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which of these factors MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

poverty

One predictor of psychiatric disorders that crosses ethnic and gender lines is

poverty

goals of classification

predict a disorder's future course. suggest appropriate treatment. prompt research into a disorder's causes.

social-cultural influences

roles expectations definitions of normality and disorder

The disorder that is MOST likely to result in the person living in poverty is:

schizophrenia

taijin-kyofusho

social anxiety about appearence, combined with a readiness to blush, fear of eye contact Japan

psychological influences

stress trauma learned helplessness mood-related perceptions and memories

medical model

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

genetics

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.