Module 5 Mastering Biology

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.

chromatin

What are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae- Fimbriae enable bacterial cells to stick to a surface.

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is?

The nucleoid region contains DNA.

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

basal bodies

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

What structure stores, modifies, and packages products?

golgi apparatus

hich organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome- The prefix "lyso-" means decomposition.

What provides the cell with structural support?

microfilaments- Microfilaments are a component of the cytoskeleton.

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? microtubules microfilaments chloroplasts plasma membrane peroxisomes

microtubules- Microtubules are rods that also play a role in organelle movement.

Which organelle carries out cellular respiration?

mitochondrion- Mitochondria convert the chemical energy of organic molecules to chemical energy in the form of ATP.

What is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

nuclear envelope

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region- Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region.

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.

nucleolus

The organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA?

nucleus

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

peroxisomes- Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product of their metabolic processes.

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane- The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is?

plasma membrane- it is selectively permeable.

What is a function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection- A bacterium's capsule has a protective role.

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

ribosomes

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes- Ribosomes are involved in the manufacture of polypeptides (proteins).

Which of these organelles manufactures proteins bound for secretion out of the cell?

rough ER- The ribosomes associated with the rough ER synthesize secretory proteins bound for the exterior of the cell. Further processing and packaging occurs in the Golgi apparatus.

Where is calcium stored?

smooth ER- In addition to storing calcium, the smooth ER also plays a role in detoxification and lipid synthesis.