Module 6- Social Psychology

People develop _____ when they generate an explanation for human behaviors and characteristics, as well as situations.

Attributions

Group members sometimes fail to consider a range of viewpoints and alternatives in an effort to maintain cohesiveness and a "united front." This is called

Groupthink

According to the triangular model, Liking = Loving - _____

Passion

An Internet retailer finds that customers are more likely to make big-ticket purchases if they can first be induced to make a smaller purchase. This example demonstrates the _____ technique

foot-in-the-door

An Internet retailer finds that customers are more likely to make big-ticket purchases if they can first be induced to make a smaller purchase. This example demonstrates the _____ technique.

foot-in-the-door

A job applicant is 5 minutes late for an interview. The interviewer assumes that the applicant is not serious about the job, and he fails to consider that she may have had difficulty finding a parking spot. The interviewer is demonstrating the:

fundamental attribution error

Recent research revealed that a teacher's expectations have

a greater effect on low-SES than on high-SES students.

Attitudes are

affective, cognitive, and behavioral.

Social cognition includes the study of:

attributions and attitudes

The _____ route to persuasion is defined by a focus on the content of a message

central

Dr. Olivier states that she is especially interested in attribution and attitudes. Dr. Olivier studies social

cognition

In Sternberg's terms, the difference between loving one's spouse and being "in love" with one's spouse is the difference between _____ love and _____ love.

companionate; consummate

In one social psychological experiment, each participant is introduced to an attractive stranger. However, these "strangers" are secretly working for the experimenter. The strangers are called

confederates

In terms of Sternberg's triangular model, a couple in a long-standing, "loveless" marriage is experiencing _____ love.

empty

People reflect the self-serving bias when they make _____ attributions for their failures

external

Which attributional bias is CORRECTLY matched with its definition?

fundamental attribution error - People exaggerate the role of internal factors when explaining others' behavior.

Which social psychological phenomenon is probably MOST relevant to the United States' controversial 2003 decision to invade Iraq?

groupthink

People are MOST persuadable when they are

happy

One's view of oneself within a social group is called one's social

identity

Social loafing is MOST pronounced in _____ cultures such as _____.

individualistic; the United States

A student fails to speak or raise his hand in class all semester. The teacher assumes that the student is exceptionally shy. The teacher is making a(n) _____ attribution.

internal

Dispositional attribution is to _____ as situational attribution is to _____.

internal; external

Consummate love involves

intimacy, passion, and commitment.

People are often surprised when bad things happen to good people. This reaction BEST supports the

just-world-hypothesis

An evolutionary psychologist is MOST likely to endorse the _____ theory of helping behavior.

kin selection

Sternberg's model uses the term _____ to describe a relationship that has intimacy but no passion or commitment

liking

Josh and Donna are discussing the latest release by their favorite band. "I didn't like it at first, but now that I've played it a few times, I love it!" Donna states. Donna's remark exemplifies the _____ effect

mere-exposure

In terms of interpersonal attraction, the word "proximity" is MOST synonymous with

nearness

Compliance _____ occurs outside of our awareness.

often

Attitudes are:

only partly "nature"

What is considered attractive is _____ across cultures.

partly constant

Martina knows little about politics and is not especially interested in the outcome of political races. Martina would MOST likely be persuaded by a campaign messaging relying on the _____ route to persuasion

peripheral

Sternberg's triangular model dimensions of love do NOT include

proximity

Groups often make decisions that are less conservative and more extreme than individuals working alone. This statement makes reference to the phenomena of:

risky shift and group polarization.

The study of human cognition, emotion, and behavior in relation to others is called

social psychology

Individual focus is to group focus as _____ is to _____.

social psychology; sociology

Deception is _____ in social psychological research.

sometimes necessary

The cognitive component of a prejudicial attitude is _____, whereas its emotional component is _____.

stereotype, prejudice

British novelist C. P. Snow said, "When you think of the long and gloomy history of man, you will find that far more . . . crimes have been committed in the name of obedience than have ever been committed in the name of rebellion." Snow's statement is MOST directly _____ by the research of _____.

supported; Stanley Milgram

A research assistant is debriefing her participants after their contribution to the study has concluded. The research assistant is:

telling participants about any deception used in the study

Diffusion of responsibility may help explain

the bystander effect

The tendency for people to avoid helping in an emergency is called

the bystander effect

Most people assume that, in a given situation, others would act the same way they themselves would. This phenomenon is the:

the false-consensus effect

Conformity is reduced when:

there is at least one person who goes against the group.

Which statement is a summary of the false consensus effect?

This guy is an idiot! Everyone thinks so

Laxmi is a mother. The responsibilities and expectations associated with this position constitute a social

role

A dating couple who are not yet engaged are MOST likely experiencing _____ love.

romantic

Altruistic behavior is apparent among children as young as _____ of age

18 months

The key elements of persuasion were identified by _____ during World War II

Carl Hovland

Consummate love = Romantic love + _____.

Committ

In Milgram's obedience experiment, the "teacher" was an individual secretly working for the researchers. This individual was a(n):

Confederate

Before the civil rights era, the front seats of city buses in the American South were reserved for white passengers. This exemplifies:

Discrimination

People reflect the self-serving bias when they make _____ attributions for their own successes

Internal

Today, _____ is the SECOND most common way to connect with a potential romantic partner.

Internet Dating

_____ aggression is exemplified by starting malicious gossip about a rival.

Relational

_____ may help explain why people stay in destructive relationships.

Rusbult's investment model of commitment

Aggression is linked to low levels of the neurotransmitter

Serotonin

The pioneering "line-length" studies of conformity were conducted by:

Solomon Asch.

Which example BEST illustrates cognitive dissonance?

Stephanie tells herself that smoking is okay because she only smokes a few cigarettes daily.

Beliefs about people who differ from oneself that are based on group membership are called

Stereotypes

The behavioral element of a prejudicial attitude toward others is

discrimination

The behavioral element of a prejudicial attitude toward others is:

discrimination

People often rely too heavily on _____ attributions in explaining others' behavior

dispositional

A small request is more often granted after a larger one is first refused. This phenomenon is known as the _____ technique.

door-in-the-face

A telephone sales associate offers a caller two bottles of a workout supplement for $89.00. The caller refuses. The caller agrees when the associate then offers a single bottle for $45.99. The sales associate used the _____ compliance technique

door-in-the-face

Avani has practiced her violin solo. Due to a phenomenon called _____, the presence of an audience at the upcoming recital should _____ her performance.

social facilitation; improve

As many as _____% of Milgram's participants were willing to deliver the HIGHEST level of shock.

65

was one of the psychologists who introduced the concept of cognitive dissonance to the body of social psychological knowledge

Leon Festinger

Walter and Iris have been happily married for 40 years, and the passion has barely waned. They are experiencing Sternberg's _____ love.

consummate

The adage "familiarity breeds contempt" is _____ by research on the _____ effect.

contradicted; mere-exposure

Gina asks her roommate for $50. Her roommate refuses. Gina then asks for $20, and her roommate agrees. The roommate probably would have refused to lend the money if Gina had simply asked for $20 in the first place. Gina successfully employed the _____ technique.

door-in-the-face

The textbook states that "females run a greater risk of bodily injury resulting from a physical confrontation . . ." because they tend to opt for more relational aggression. This statement is MOST closely consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.

evolutionary

Jayne and Richie have been married for 10 years. However, there is little real intimacy in their relationship; instead, it is based mainly on their sexual chemistry. Jayne and Richie are experiencing _____ love.

fatuous

Josh and Donna are discussing the latest release by their favorite band. "I didn't like it at first, but now that I've played it a few times, I love it!" Donna states. Donna's remark exemplifies the _____ effect.

mere-exposure

In moderately dangerous situations, the likelihood that a victim will receive help is _____ related to the number of bystanders present. In extremely dangerous situations, the likelihood that a victim will receive help is _____ related to the number of bystanders present.

negatively, positively