Module 7 Apply Your Knowledge

A researcher studies the relationship between hours of television watching and BMI. The correlation coefficient is .35, which indicates: A moderate inverse relationship. A weak positive relationship. A strong positive relationship. A moderate positive relationship.

A moderate positive relationship

A r-value of 0.33 indicates: A moderate relationship between the variables. A statistically significant relationship between the variables. The null hypothesis should be rejected. There is no relationship between the variables.

A moderate relationship between the variables

When testing for a relationship between 2 independent, nominal variables, expected frequency of cell > 5, the best test to use would be a/an: Independent t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient. Chi-square test. Spearman correlation coefficient.

Chi-square test

Which of the following are nonparametric tests? Chi-square test Independent t-test Spearman correlation coefficient One-way analysis of variance Mann-Whitney test

Chi-square test Spearman correlation coefficient Mann-Whitney test

P-values vary from 0 to 1.0 and can be positive or negative. True or False

False

Parametric tests can be used to analyze ordinal variables but not nominal variables. True or False

False

The interpretation of a p-value varies depends on what statistical test was used to obtain the p-value. True or False

False

The best test to use when testing for a relationship between 2 dichotomous, independent variables, and expected frequency of cell < 5 would be a: McNemar test Chi-square test Independent t-test Fisher Exact test

Fisher Exact test

When comparing hemoglobin A1C measurements that are normally distributed with no outliers in 2 independent groups, the researcher should use which of the following tests? Fisher Exact Test Pearson correlation coefficient Independent t-test Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA

Independent t-test

Which of the following are parametric tests? Repeated measures ANOVA Paired t-test McNemar test Pearson Correlation coefficient Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Repeated measures ANOVA Paired t-test Pearson Correlation coefficient

Which of the following would be reasons for using a nonparametric test? Interval level data Shapiro-Wilk test p-value of .010 Presence of one small outlier Normal distribution Nominal level data

Shapiro-Wilk test p-value of .010 Presence of one small outlier Nominal level data

Which of the following can be determined from a Spearman correlation coefficient and its associated p-value? Statistical significance Risk of a type 2 error Strength of the relationship Direction of the relationship

Statistical significance Strength of the relationship Direction of the relationship

A researcher studies the relationship between the number of minutes of breast pumping and the amount of milk produced per day in mothers of preterm infants. The R-squared value is 0.49. This finding means that: There is not a statistically significant relationship between the variables. There is a moderate positive relationship between the variables. The number of minutes of pumping explains 49% of the variance in milk output. There is not enough information to determine whether there is a meaningful relationship between the variables.

The number of minutes of pumping explains 49% of the variance in milk output.

An analysis of variance results in a p-value of 0.50. When alpha level is set at 0.05, the researcher should conclude that: There is a statistically significant difference between the groups. The results are clinically significant. There is not a statistically significant difference between the groups. The sample size was too small.

There is not a statistically significant difference between the groups

When comparing pain scores measured on a scale from 1 to 10 in the same patients before and after receiving a new pain medications, the researcher should use which of the following tests? A Mann Whitney test. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A McNemar test. A paired t-test.

A Wilcoxon signed-rank test

A Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.04. This correlation indicates that there is: A statistically significant relationship between the variables. A moderate, positive relationship between the variables. A strong relationship between the variables. A very weak relationship between the variables.

A very weak relationship between the variables.

When alpha level is set at 0.05, a p-value 0.50 from a Spearman Correlation Coefficient would indicate that there is: A strong relationship between the variables. Not a statistically significant relationship between the variables. A moderate, positive relationship between the variables. A statistically significant relationship between the variables.

Not a statistically significant relationship between the variables

A researcher is comparing the outcome variable of cost in US dollars in 3 independent groups. The data are normally distributed without outliers. The researcher should use which of the following tests to compare the 3 groups? Chi-square test One-way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test Friedman test Repeated measures ANOVA

One-way ANOVA

When comparing a ratio level variable that is normally distributed and without outliers in 3 different groups of patients, which statistical test should be used? Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA Friedman test Chi-square test One-way ANOVA

One-way ANOVA

Pearson correlation coefficients can be positive or negative. True or False

True