UNIT 5.3

water frame

1780's; Richard Arkwright; powered by water; turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to development of mechanized looms

Factory System

A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s

Liverpool

City and one of the largest ports in England; first major rail line linked Liverpool to Manchester in 1830.

Manchester

City in England; one of the leading industrial areas; example of an Industrial Revolution City; first major rail line linked Manchester to Liverpool in 1830.

assembly line

In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin

Richard Arkwright

Invented the water frame

cottage industry

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.

Industrialization

The development of industries for the machine production of goods.

crop rotation

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

Enclosure Movement

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.

Agricultural Revolution

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Spinning Jenny

This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production. Like the spinning wheel, it may be operated by a treadle or by hand. But, unlike the spinning wheel, it can spin more than one yarn at a time. The idea for multiple-yarn spinning was conceived about 1764 by James Hargreaves, an English weaver. In 1770, he patented a machine that could spin 16 yarns at a time. (643, 727)

specialization of labor

To train or specialize people in certain areas of work so that people can accomplish tasks quicker

seaways

an inland waterway capable of accommodating seagoing ships.

seed drill

created by Jethro Tull, it allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths; this boosted crop yields

James Hargreaves

invented the spinning jenny

Capital

money for investment

division of labor

the assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency.

raw materials

the basic material from which a product is made.

interchangeable parts

uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces