AMH Study Guide #4

What event forced John F. Kennedy to take meaningful action in support of the civil rights movement? a. Greensboro sit-ins. b. Freedom Summer campaign. c. King's demonstrations in Birmingham. d. March on Washington rally. e. Selma-to-Birmingham March.

King's demonstrations in Birmingham

In the 1952 presidential campaign, Richard Nixon's Checkers speech: a. reflected the growing importance of television in American life. b. reflected the growing importance of board games in American life. c. introduced plans for peace in Korea. d. reflected the growing importance of pets in American life. e. was not well received, and the Republicans lost the election.

a. reflected the growing importance of television in American life

After World War II, the automobile: a. altered the American landscape. b. was replaced by the train as the preferred method of transportation. c. remained a luxury, not a necessity of life. d. declined in use, and the Midwest suffered economically. e. became a status symbol only for the wealthy.

a. altered the American landscape

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring inspired the ________ movement. a. environmental b. gay liberation c. feminist d. conservative e. Indian

a. environmental

What made the Army-McCarthy hearings unusual for American television programming of the 1950s? a. It was deeply political and controversial. b. It included explicit sexual revelations. c. It was the first broadcast via satellite. d. It was the first live broadcast. e. It appeared in color.

a. it was deeply political and controversial

What made Elvis such a popular celebrity? a. He brought the rhythms and sexually provocative movements of black musicians to white audiences. b. He sang openly about civil rights and equality. c. He was one of the most gifted vocal performers of his generation. d. He sang songs no one had ever heard before. e. His mixed-race parentage made him popular among blacks and whites.a.

a. He brought the rhythms and sexually provocative movements of black musicians to white audiences

How did President Dwight D. Eisenhower surpass the New Deal in government involvement in the economy? a. He presided over the construction of 41,000 miles of interstate highways. b. He established the Veterans Administration health care system. c. He established the most generous agricultural subsidy programs in the nation's history. d. He established the Head Start preschool program. e. He signed Medicaid and Medicare into law.

a. He presided over the construction of 41,000 miles of interstate highways.

Which of the following statements best describes the legacy of the War on Poverty? a. It helped significantly reduce America's incidence of poverty. b. Its overwhelming success suggested that restoring Americans' economic security was ultimately more important than securing their civil rights. c. It had a large effect on the infrastructure of the South. d. It cemented Lyndon Johnson's reputation as one of the most popular presidents in American history. e. It transformed the condition of life in poor urban neighborhoods.

a. It helped significantly reduce America's incidence of poverty.

Why did the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) emerge at the Democratic Party convention in Atlantic City in 1964? a. The MFDP challenged the state's Democratic Party's claim that it represented Mississippi fairly. b. The MFDP organized white supremacists in Mississippi unhappy with Lyndon Johnson's civil rights plank. c. The MFDP had received a personal invitation from the family of the deceased President John F. Kennedy. d. The MFDP was the white supremacist delegation sent to New Jersey by white Mississippians. e. The MFDP had won local elections in Mississippi.

a. The MFDP challenged the state's Democratic Party's claim that it represented Mississippi fairly

How did American companies contribute to the influx of Puerto Rican migrants by the hundred of thousands beginning in the 1950s? a. The increasing control of land by U.S. sugar companies on the island pushed small tobacco and coffee farmers off the land and into a search for jobs on the mainland. b. The end of the bracero program in 1954 prompted American agro-business to look for new cheap labor in Puerto Rico. c. The dramatic environmental destruction corporations brought to Puerto Rico left residents no choice but to migrate to the mainland. d. They were looking for cheaper labor to replace expensive union contracts. e. They recruited Puerto Ricans primarily for construction jobs in Florida and in the fishing industry.

a. The increasing control of land by U.S. sugar companies on the island pushed small tobacco and coffee farmers off the land and into a search for jobs on the mainland.

Why did the Soviet Union strongly support the national independence movements in the new Third World? a. They hoped to convince new nations to ally themselves with the eastern bloc against European and American imperialists. b. The Soviet Union had made the right to self-determination a principle for all nations around the world. c. The Soviet Union was looking to secure reliable export markets for their consumer goods surpluses. d. Soviets were desperately trying to expand their share in foreign export markets. e. Soviets feared the obvious appeal an alliance with former colonial rulers had for these new nations.

a. They hoped to convince new nations to ally themselves with the eastern bloc against European and American imperialists

In the 1960s, Latino rights in particular were the focus of the a. United Farm Workers. b. Redstockings. c. NAACP. d. Mattachine Society. e. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.

a. United Farm Workers

As suggested by some commentators, how did big business enable individual freedom in the 1950s? a. With large-scale production of goods came the freedom for individuals to choose among many items. b. Big business made more luxury items affordable for the average American. c. The repeal of New Deal regulatory controls on investment banking allowed individual Americans to put their money into the stock market without restriction. d. Big business successfully lobbied for higher tariffs on consumer goods, which increased profits and drove American wages up. e. Corporations in the 1950s offered a range of benefits to employees that freed them from economic uncertainty.

a. With large-scale production of food came the freedom for individuals to choose among many items

After the Stonewall riot a. a militant gay liberation movement was born. b. prejudice against lesbians ended. c. gay men and lesbians divided into two separate political movements. d. the gay liberation movement came to an end. e. prejudice against gay men increased.

a. a militant gay liberation movement was born

Guatemalan leader Jacobo Arbenz-Guzman a. sought to reduce foreign corporations' control over his country's economy. b. was ousted by the KGB and replaced with a Soviet-friendly dictator. c. appealed to President Eisenhower for military support to defeat a growing communist insurgency in Guatemala. d. was born in Moscow and became a nationalist after emigrating to Guatemala. e. was a friend and close ally of Soviet premier Josef Stalin before his death.

a. sought to reduce foriegn corporations' control over his country's economy

Republican Barry Goldwater viewed as a threat to freedom a. the New Deal welfare state. b. large corporations. c. the proliferation of private charities. d. the nuclear weapons buildup. e. the military-industrial complex.

a. the New Deal welfare state

The gay liberation movement a. was inspired by the civil rights movement. b. initially excluded women. c. ended with the successful Stonewall riot. d. was banned in several states. e. attracted many straight women.

a. was inspired by the civil rights movement

During the Cold War, religious differences a. were absorbed within the notion of a common Judeo-Christian heritage. b. were intensified through the institution of school prayer. c. were not a factor, as church and synagogue membership declined. d. created much division among Americans. e. were heightened by the growth of the suburbs.

a. were absorbed within the notion of a common Judeo-Christian heritage

On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated a. while in Memphis, supporting a garbage workers' strike. b. and while the nation mourned his death, there was no violence. c. and no one was ever charged for the crime. d. and congressional support for the Open Housing Act declined. e. as he launched the Poor People's Campaign in Dallas.

a. while in Memphis, supporting a garbage workers' strike

Governor Orval Faubus responded to the court-ordered desegregation of Central High School: a. with defiance, refusing to comply and allowing violence to break out. b. by immediately closing Central High School, much like Virginia's governor had done to public schools in Virginia rather than integrate them. c. by letting white students "opt out" and be home schooled or go to private school. d. by offering his resignation to the people of Arkansas in protest. e. by urging President Eisenhower to send in federal troops

a. with defiance refusing to comply and allowing violence to break out

Why did the editors of Life magazine fear that American freedom might be in danger from not being used enough? a. Americans failed to enjoy the a. Americans failed to enjoy the blessings of their private lives. b. Americans seemed to have largely withdrawn from open dissent in the public sphere. c. Americans no longer knew how to have fun and enjoy their vacations. d. Americans remained reluctant to travel and see the world. e. American voter participation had fallen dramatically since World War II.blessings of their private lives. b. Americans seemed to have largely withdrawn from open dissent in the public sphere. c. Americans no longer knew how to have fun and enjoy their vacations. d. Americans remained reluctant to travel and see the world. e. American voter participation had fallen dramatically since World War II.

b. Americans seemed to have largely withdrawn from open dissent in the public sphere

Which statement best describes the thesis of David Riesman's book The Lonely Crowd? a. Women were unhappy with the role of wife and mother and longed for acceptance in higher education and other intellectual pursuits. b. Americans were conformists and lacked the inner resources to lead truly independent lives. c. Unionism in America was doomed to fail if the union leaders did not embrace the fact that their demands and strikes labeled them as communists. d. After World War II, Europe was left behind economically and politically with the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as superpowers. e. White America had alienated black Americans from mainstream society.

b. Americans were conformists and lacked the inner resources the lead truly independent lives

What did the defeat of Republican presidential candidate Barry Goldwater show? a. The success of the civil rights movement had made conventional Republicans unelectable. b. The civil rights movement had redrawn the political map and opened the South to the Republican Party. c. Americans were not yet ready for a Jewish presidential candidate. d. The changing demographic image of the United States had made older presidential candidates unappealing. e. The success of the New Deal state had made libertarianism unattractive to Americans.

b. The civil rights movement had redrawn the political map and opened the South to the Republican Party.

Which of the following was NOT true of the Cuban Missile Crisis? a. The crisis erupted after U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. b. The crisis was part of a dispute between the United States and the Soviet Union after a U.S. Navy vessel carrying nuclear warheads was intercepted off the coast of Turkey. c. The standoff brought the United States to the brink of nuclear war with the Soviet Union. d. Kennedy secretly agreed to remove American Jupiter missiles from Turkey. e. Kennedy was appalled by military leaders who had discussed "winning" a nuclear war, prompting him to sign an aboveground nuclear test-ban treaty with the Soviets the following year.

b. The crisis was part of a dispute between the United States and the Soviet Union after a U.S. Navy vessel carrying nuclear warheads was intercepted off of the coast of Turkey.

During Freedom Summer a. only black activists participated in the voter registration campaign. b. a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi. c. very few white college students participated. d. signers of the Southern Manifesto launched a campaign against integration. e. there was little violence.

b. a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi

During the 1950s, television: a. tried to replace newspapers as the most common source of information but failed. b. became an effective advertising medium. c. presented shows that were controversial. d. effectively spread images of working-class life to a growing number of Americans. e. became the nation's least favorite form of leisure activity.

b. became an effective advertising medium

The War on Poverty a. was not a part of Johnson's Great Society agenda. b. concentrated on equipping the poor with skills and rebuilding their spirit and motivation. c. was first proposed by Richard Nixon as a means to gain support of congressional Democrats during Eisenhower's second term. d. focused on understanding economic changes and responding to them. e. guaranteed an annual income for most Americans.

b. concentrated on equipping the poor with skills and rebuilding their spirit and motivation

In what way did the counterculture represent the fulfillment of the consumer marketplace? a. The counterculture revived the concept of free competition and innovation. b. The counterculture extended the concept of individual choice into every realm of life. c. Members of the counterculture were the primary consumers of new technology. d. The counterculture made mass consumption more affordable for college students. e. The counterculture extended the privilege of consumption and leisure to the young.

b. counterculture extended the concept of individual choice into every realm of life.

By 1968, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam a. was of little concern to most Americans. b. exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal. c. was decreasing as the peace process accelerated. d. was less than in 1965. e. was reduced, as President Johnson considered running for another term.

b. exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal

During the 1950s, American teenagers a. voted in significant numbers. b. increased in number and were often perceived to be alienated. c. were prohibited from reading any comic books. d. were not viewed as a distinct population group. e. declined in number within the general population.

b. increased in number and were often perceived to be alienated

During the 1950s, American a. encouraged women to choose careers over marriage. b. on average married younger and had more children than previous generations. c. tended to marry later in life than did previous generations. d. experienced a declining birth rate. e. stressed the importance of a college education, especially for women.

b. on average married younger and had more children than previous generations

The Housing Act of 1949 a. set a high income ceiling for eligibility. b. reinforced the concentration of poverty in non-white urban neighborhoods. c. paired with urban renewal programs, made American cities more diverse and prosperous. d. allowed growing numbers of blacks to move to the suburbs. e. ended the concentration of poverty in non-white urban neighborhoods.

b. reinforced the concentration of poverty in non-white urban neighborhoods

In 1967, the Supreme Court ruled in Loving v. Virginia that a. local elections could be monitored by federal officials. b. state laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional. c. suspects could refuse to cooperate with police. d. those in police custody had certain rights. e. school prayer was unconstitutional.

b. state laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional

Why did auto manufacturers and oil companies vault to the top ranks of corporate American in 1950s? a. Lucrative government defense contracts continued, due to a postwar need for military trucks and jeeps. b. The consumer demand for the automobile boomed in this decade. c. Most members of Congress had business backgrounds. d. More Americans lived in the suburbs and used public transportation to commute to work. e. Profits in both industries rose steeply, due to the vast majority of auto manufacturing and oil refinery jobs being shipped overseas

b. the consumer demand for the automobile boomed in this decade

What opened Malcom X up to the possibility of interracial cooperation in the United States? a. The tragedy of Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination. b. The interracial harmony he witnessed among Muslims in Saudi Arabia. c. The progressive legislation pushed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. d. The goodwill displayed by white college students of the New Left movement. e. The anti-war protests of college students.

b. the interracial harmony he witnessed among Muslims in Saudi Arabia.

Which of the following assessments of the civil rights movement is most accurate? a. The movement invigorated white Americans just like black Americans. b. The movement came as a great surprise and was predicted only by a few. c. Although well-intentioned, the civil rights movement slowed down progress toward equality. d. The movement grew popular at a time when whites had largely given up on the practice of segregation. e. The movement was centered in student organizations and college protests.

b. the movement came as a great surprise and was predicted only by a few

Black Power emerged as a response to all of the following factors EXCEPT a. frustrations over the federal government's failure to stop violence against civil rights workers. b. the passage of the Civil Rights Act. c. the growing ideas of racial self-assertion and black self-determination. d. white workers' attempts to determine the civil rights movement's strategy. e. the civil rights movement's failure to have any impact on the economic problems of black ghettos.

b. the passage of the Civil Rights Act

Women's liberation a. was a single-issue movement that argued for equal pay for equal work. b. was a movement born of other movements where female activists had experienced discriminatory treatment from their male counterparts. c. remained a tiny fringe movement because of its radical tactics, including "consciousness-raising" sessions and a takeover of the 1968 Miss America pageant. d. B and C e. attracted middle-class women, much like the suffrage movement in the early twentieth century

b. was a movement born of other movements where female activists had experienced discriminatory treatment from their male counterparts

The Hart-Cellar Act of 1965 did all of the following EXCEPT it a. set the total number of immigrants in a year at 290,000. b. was forced through Congress in response to increasing numbers of Vietnamese refugees. c. limited the amount of immigrants from the Western Hemisphere to 120,000. d. provided special provisions for communist country refugees. e. no longer restricted southern and eastern Europeans.

b. was forced through Congress in response to increasing numbers of Vietnamese refugees

Barry Goldwater's conservative movement a. essentially ended with his landslide defeat in the 1964 presidential election. b. marked a departure from the radical conservatism of William Buckley. c. was strongly embraced by the Young Americans for Freedom. d. rebuilt the traditional conservative voting base. e. did not find traction among midwestern and eastern transplants to southern California.

c . was strongly embraced by the Young Americans for Freedom

Chicano farm workers found a powerful advocate in a. Carlos Bulosan. b. the Border Patrol. c. Cesar Chavez. d. Mario Savio. e. the bracero program.

c. Cesar Chavez

Why did John F. Kennedy consider civil rights a moral crisis for the nation? a. He had personally witnessed the hardships of Jim Crow growing up. b. He did not think racial equality in the United States possible without reparations for slavery. c. He found racial discrimination incompatible with the United States' claim for leadership of the free world. d. He saw how racial tensions divided his own family. e. He considered civil rights an issue for women and gays as well as for African-Americans.

c. He found racial discrimination incompatible with the United States' claim for leadership of the free world.

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about the 1965 Voting Rights Act? a. It was partly the result of the Selma to Montgomery civil rights march where participants were brutally assaulted by police. b. It was strongly endorsed by President Johnson. c. It upheld the right of county officials to oversee black voter registration in cases where provided for by local statute. d. Congress quickly passed the act after the president's speech. e. It empowered federal officials to oversee voter registration.

c. It upheld the right of county officials to oversee the black voter registration in cases where provided for by local statute

Why did the United States continue to support South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem's corrupt and weak regime? a. U.S. officials were caught by surprise when a military coup led to Diem's death. b. By 1963, Diem's forces had regained much of the Vietnamese countryside from the outnumbered Viet Cong. c. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson feared losing Vietnam to communism. d. Diem had built a stable and broad base of support for his government using advice from American officials. e. Diem had the support of his people, which pointed to an eventual South Vietnamese victory over the communists.

c. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson feared losing Vietnam to communism

What gave conservatives of the 1950s their political unity? a. The unifying political ideology of Friedrich von Hayek. b. Their shared religious fundamentals of Protestant Christianity. c. The common enemies of the Soviet Union and the federal government. d. The massive corporate sponsorships they secured through private fund-raising. e. Their shared commitment to white supremacy.

c. The common enemies of the Soviet Union and the federal government

Why did the Eisenhower administration embrace the doctrine of "massive retaliation"? a. The doctrine prevented not only large but small military conflicts as well. b. As a man with mostly military experience, he did not know how else to address the Cold War crisis. c. The constant threat of mutually assured destruction under the doctrine made for more cautious diplomacy. d. The doctrine reduced national anxiety over the threat of nuclear annihilation. e. The doctrine provided Eisenhower with the necessary flexibility to fight communism in Central America and Southeast Asia.

c. The constant threat of mutually assured destruction under the doctrine made for more cautious diplomacy

Why are the riots in American cities during the 1960s best understood as battles? a. The Department of Defense deployed regular army units to suppress these uprisings. b. African-American rioters often had received military training in Cuba and Venezuela. c. Urban blacks saw the predominantly white police force as an occupying army. d. Riot squads were organized by the Department of Defense. e. Rioters frequently employed weapons otherwise only used in military combat operations.

c. Urban blacks saw the predominantly white police forced as an occupying army.

Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed which kind of individuals to his cabinet? a. A balanced mixture of Republicans and Democrats, since his party did not control Congress. b. Weak men with little experience so that he could have complete control over domestic and foreign affairs. c. Wealthy businessmen to run the government like an efficient business. d. The "best and brightest," young intellectuals in their fields. e. Former government men who had lots of combined political experience.

c. Wealthy businessmen to run the government like an efficient business

The Gulf of Tonkin resolution: a. outlined an attack and exit strategy in South Vietnam. b. was a nonbinding measure that passed both the House and Senate, calling for peace negotiations between North and South Vietnam. c. authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam. d. authorized a ground invasion of U.S. troops into North Vietnam. e. was opposed by the majority of lawmakers in Congress.

c. authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam

The anti-war movement a. attracted only draft-age males. b. had little impact on public opinion. c. challenged the foundations of Cold War thinking. d. never built a mass constituency. e. was of little interest to civil-rights activists.

c. challenged the foundations of Cold War thinking

The Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision a. legalized birth control. b. provoked little opposition. c. created a woman's constitutional right to an abortion. d. declared school prayer was unconstitutional. e. was the least controversial piece of the rights revolution.

c. created a woman's constitutional right to an abortion

The American Indian Movement a. demanded the end of the tribal system. b. urged all Indians to leave their reservations. c. demanded greater tribal self-government. d. demanded greater federal control of the reservation system. e. was in opposition to the Red Power movement.

c. demanded greater tribal self-government

Which of the following did NOT challenge the mass conformity of the 1950s? a. Beat poet Allen Ginsberg. b. Immediate pleasure enhanced by drugs. c. Desperate materialism. d. On the Road. e. Rebel without a Cause

c. desperate materialism

The new conservatives a. spoke the language of personal autonomy. b. were also known as libertarians. c. emphasized tradition, community, and moral commitment. d. wanted more federal regulation of business. e. supported a more centralized federal government.

c. emphasized tradition, community, and moral commitment

Labor and employers agreed to a new "social contract" that included all of the following provisions EXCEPT: a. employers granted wage increases. b. unions left decisions regarding plant location in management's hands. c. employers required the National Association of Manufacturers to accept the right of workers to organize unions. d. employers extended pensions and health insurance to workers. e. unions left decisions regarding capital investment in management's hands.

c. employers required the National Association of Manufacturers to accept the right of workers to organize unions.

In The Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan a. focused on the particular plight of black women. b. focused on the plight of working-class women. c. focused on the discontents of middle-class women. d. emphasized the role of child-rearing for women. e. emphasized the role women played in the anti-war movement.

c. focused on the discontents of middle-class women

How did the women's liberation movement inspire a major expansion of the idea of freedom? a. The women's movement included men and women. b. The women's movement took the protest for social justice to the streets. c. The women's movement brought considerations of power and justice inside the family. d. The women's movement included members of the middle class as well as the working class. e. The women's movement included African-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Anglo-Americans.

c. the women's movement brought considerations of power and justice inside the family.

The Civil Rights Act a. prohibited racial discrimination in places of public accommodation, but not private accommodation. b. prohibited racial discrimination in places of employment only. c. was seen by Lyndon Johnson as "a fitting memorial" to John F. Kennedy, after his assassination. d. did not include a ban on discrimination on the basis of "sex" until the original bill was amended two years later. e. was amended a year later to prohibit racial discrimination in private accommodations.

c. was seen by Lyndon Johnson as "a fitting memorial" to John F. Kennedy after his assassination

What set President Lyndon Baines Johnson apart form his predecessor, John F. Kennedy? a. He was willing to focus on Cold War issues the way Kennedy did not. b. He lacked the political experience in Congress that made Kennedy such an effective president. c. He was free from the legacy of political compromise in Congress that had weakened Kennedy's reputation. d. He knew the meaning of poverty and racial injustice from his own life experiences. e. He had the charm and affability that the often-aloof Kennedy could not muster.

d. He knew the meaning of poverty and racial injustice from his own life experiences

Why were American suburbs of the 1950s so heavily segregated? a. African-Americans preferred to live in the inner cities. b. Neighborhoods formed around churches, and as long as churches were segregated, suburbs would remain so as well. c. All states had laws in place mandating the segregation of residential districts. d. Residents, brokers, and realtors dealt in contracts and mortgages that barred the sale to non-white residents. e. The federal government required segregated residential neighborhoods.

d. Residents, brokers, and realtors dealt in contracts and mortgages that barred the sale to non-white residents

Which event did President John F. Kennedy blame on the failures of Eisenhower administration? a. The Suez crisis. b. The failed coup in Guatemala. c. The construction of the Berlin Wall. d. The launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik. e. The French defeat in Vietnam.

d. The launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik

Which of the following organizations does NOT belong in the group? a. SDS. b. CORE. c. NAACP. d. YAF. e. SNCC.

d. YAF

Barry Goldwater's 1964 campaign emphasized a. an immediate pullout from Vietnam. b. a less aggressive approach to the Cold War. c. increased taxes to balance the budget. d. a reduction in governmental regulations. e. racial equality in the United States.

d. a reduction in governmental regulations

America's image abroad during the Cold War a. did not appear to suffer in Asian or African nations, who relied on the United States for military and economic aid. b. was not of major concern to most leaders, given America's status as an economic superpower. c. improved and was no longer a problem after the Brown decision. d. could be a source of embarrassment for American diplomats seeking to win the loyalty of people in the non-white world. e. proved to be an unreliable propaganda weapon for the Soviet Union.

d. could be a source of embarrassment for American diplomats seeking to win the loyalty of people in the non-white world

Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's policy of massive retaliation: a. eased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. b. calmed the American public's fear of nuclear war. c. was part of the effort to rely more on conventional forces. d. declared that any Soviet attack would be countered by a nuclear attack. e. applied only to communist China.

d. declared that any Soviet attack would be countered by a nuclear attack

During the Eisenhower administration, U.S. Soviet Relations a. were made worse with the introduction of the policy of massive retaliation. b. improved immensely after the end of the Korean War. c. stayed about the same as those experienced during the Truman years. d. improved somewhat after the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin. e. worsened considerably after the death of Stalin.

d. improved somewhat after the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin

To libertarian conservatives, freedom meant: a. first and foremost a moral condition. b. what it did in the late eighteenth century—the right to own property and to vote. c. using government as a vehicle for social reform, ensuring an equal distribution of wealth. d. individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism. e. racial equality and the end of a segregated society.

d. individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism

The Warren Court a. condemned Lyndon Johnson for abuses of power taken during the Vietnam War. b. was a conservative court with the one exception of Brown v. Board of Education. c. set up the legal precedents that would later lead to a conservative view on abortion rights. d. seemed to accept the feminist view of the family as a collection of sovereign individuals rather than a unit with a single male head. e. began a trend to halt the liberal view that had begun in the late 1950s that government had an obligation to provide for the welfare of the citizens.

d. seemed to accept the feminist view of the family as a collection of sovereign individuals rather an a unit with a single male head.

In his 1961 farewell address, President Eisenhower warned Americans about a. the increase in juvenile delinquency. b. the slow pace of the civil rights movement. c. the rise of organized crime. d. the military-industrial complex. e. environmental hazards.

d. the military industrial complex

All of the following spurred the growth of the suburban middle class EXCEPT a. federal tax subsidies. b. federal highway construction. c. mortgage guarantees for home purchases. d. trains and streetcars. e. the GI Bill.

d. trains and streetcars

All of the following were part of Martin Luther King Jr.'s Chicago Freedom Movement platform EXCEPT a. construction of low-income housing. b. equal access to mortgages. c. the integration of public housing. d. voter registration of black citizens. e. an end to discrimination by employers and unions.

d. voter registration of black citizens

Ngo Dinh Diem a. was largely popular with small land owners in South Vietnam. b. agreed to hold elections in South Vietnam in 1956. c. refused American aid intended to bolster his regime. d. was backed by the United States in his decision to ignore the Geneva Accords' plan for elections in Vietnam. e. had allied with Ho Chi Minh in the struggle against Japanese occupation of Indochina during World War II.

d. was backed by the United States in his decision to ignore the Geneva Accords' plan for the elections in Vietnam.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott a. propelled Thurgood Marshall into the national spotlight as a leader in the civil rights movement. b. marked the end of the civil rights movement. c. did not succeed in desegregating the public buses. d. was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man. e. lasted less than two weeks.

d. was sparker when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man

After World War II, most working women a. remained in the industrial jobs they held during the war. b. did not work outside the home. c. earned the same wages as men. d. were concentrated in low-paying, nonunion jobs. e. joined unions.

d. were concentrated in low-paying, nonunion jobs.

The Great Society a. included new health care, education, and urban development initiatives with the use of federal funds. b. established the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the Department of Transportation. c. actually reduced federal power, as most of its programs were administered at the local level. d. was the derisive description applied by the conservative press to President Johnson's massive expansion of the federal government. e. A and B

e. A and B

Eisenhower's intervention in Vietnam partly consisted of: a. urging Ngo Dinh Diem not to hold elections. b. hosting the 1954 Geneva Accords. c. the United States paying four-fifths of the cost of the war between the French and Ho Chi Minh's nationalist forces. d. providing asylum for Vietnamese communist nationalists fleeing the bloodshed in their country. e. A and C

e. A and C

What was the purpose of Freedom Summer? a. To bring national attention to the growing strength of Klan members in Mississippi. b. To register new black voters across the state of Mississippi. c. To address the failure of the Civil Rights Act to include a provision on voting rights in the South. d. To provide field experience for new recruits to CORE and SNCC. e. B and C

e. B and C

The Black Panther Party a. repudiated the notion of "black power" and worked for reconciliation between the divided factions of SNCC and CORE. b. provided education and health care to urban residents. c. unlike other black militant groups of the era, did not suffer from internal dissension. d. became a target of the FBI and California police. e. B and D

e. B and D

The "Third World" a. encompassed an enormous range of territory, including several tiny western European nations. b. was largely left out of the Cold War struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. c. was an invented term describing developing nations not aligned with either the Soviet Union or United States. d. included many nations newly created out of former European colonies. e. C and D

e. C and D

Why was liberation theology so popular in Latin American in the 1960s? a. The Second Vatican Council had sanctioned birth control. b. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress was bearing fruit. c. The Cuban Missile Crisis had shattered the region's complacency. d. The Cuban Revolution had inspired neighboring nations. e. Reform in the Catholic Church had inspired social justice activists.

e. Reform in the Catholic Church had inspired social justice activists.

Which statement best describes how the white South reacted to the Brown v. Board of Education decision? a. Southerners took it in stride, recognizing that the time had come for change. b. While the general public was outraged, southern congressional politicians supported the Supreme Court's decisions. c. Southerners worked closely with the NAACP, cooperating when they could to integrate schools. d. In opposition to integration, white southerners often burned down schools. e. Some states closed the public schools rather than integrate, and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools.

e. Some states closed the public schools rather than integrate and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools.

On what grounds could foreign nationals apply for immigrant status in the United States after 1965? a. The color of their skin. b. Their proficiency in English. c. Their experience in counterinsurgency operations. d. Their anticommunist credentials. e. Their family ties to U.S. citizens or other immigrants.

e. Their family ties to U.S. citizens or other immigrants

The National Organization for Women (NOW) campaigned for all of the following EXCEPT a. equal job opportunities for women. b. equal opportunities in politics. c. equal educational opportunities. d. an end to the mass media's false image of women. e. an end to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

e. an end to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

The free speech movement a. began in Los Angeles to protest a campus ban on political literature. b. began in Port Huron to protest a campus ban on political literature. c. had little support among college-age students at the time. d. failed in its efforts to establish free speech on college campuses. e. began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on political groups convening and distributing literature at a central meeting place.

e. began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on the political groups convening and distributing literature at a central meeting place.

The New Left a. was made up mostly of black college students. b. focused its activism on economic justice. c. was made up of children of the Old Left. d. had made its peace with consumer culture. e. called for a democracy of citizen participation.

e. called for a democracy of citizen participation

The "social contract" a. was accepted by the National Association of Manufacturers as a compromise measure to ease labor disputes eroding industry profits. b. did not include wage increases or health insurance. c. was of great benefit to union and the majority of nonunion workers alike. d. had no effect on workers in nonunion jobs. e. describes the new style of cooperation between labor and management that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s.

e. describes the new style of cooperation between labor and management that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s

Between 1950 and 1970, suburbanization a. was the theme of the Broadway musical West Side Story. b. encouraged a revitalization of American cities. c. eased racial tensions in American cities. d. encouraged Puerto Rican immigration. e. hardened racial divisions in American life.

e. hardened racial divisions in American life

The 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon a. allowed Nixon to demonstrate his best qualities, thus winning the debate. b. showed Kennedy to be an ineffective speaker, and thus he lost. c. was broadcast only on the radio. d. was little noticed at the time. e. highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns.

e. highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns

Malcom X a. worked with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. b. felt that the Black Power movement went too far. c. was inspired by the efforts of Booker T. Washington. d. supported integration efforts. e. insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy.

e. insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy

Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected president in 1952 in part because he a. supported civil rights. b. promised to cut highway construction spending. c. promised to dismantle the New Deal. d. pledged to use nuclear weapons in the Korean War. e. manifested a public image of fatherly warmth.

e. manifested a public image of the fatherly warmth

New conservatives trusted government to a. regulate the economy. b. provide a comprehensive welfare system. c. protect civil liberties and the toleration of differences. d. provide a national system of health care. e. regulate personal behavior.

e. regulate personal behavior

The Southern Manifesto a. rejected massive resistance. b. argued that the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was unconstitutional. c. argued that the Brown v. Board of Education decision reinforced southern customs and traditions. d. argued that southern states should not fly the Confederate flag over state capitol buildings. e. repudiated the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education.

e. repudiated the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education

Most likely why the U.S. Supreme Court not order the immediate implementation of it ruling in the Brown v. The Board of Education in 1954? a. The plaintiffs in the case themselves had asked for a gradual desegregation of schools. b. The Court did not have authority to declare segregation instantly unconstitutional. c. The Court wanted to give the defendants in the case the chance to appeal. d. Some of the justices had agreed to consent with the ruling only on the provision that it would not be implemented during their lifetimes. e. Some justices on the Court feared the outbreak of widespread violence with such a bold ruling.

e. some justices on the Court feared the outbreak of widespread violence with such a bold ruling

Why did President Eisenhower use the CIA to overthrow the government of Iran in the early 1950s? a. The government was slowly adopting communist policies. b. He did not believe Iran was ready for a democratically elected leader after centuries of monarchical rule. c. Iran had refused to enter peace talks with the United States and the Soviet Union in 1950. d. Israel had protested Iran's friendly relationship with Egypt. e. The government had attempted to nationalize British-owned oil fields.

e. the government had attempted to nationalize British-owned oil fields

What inspiration did Martin Luther King Jr. gain from Mahatma Gandhi? a. The spiritual essence of Buddhism. b. The notion of subversive obedience. c. The principles of Zen pacifism. d. The concept of black nationalism. e. The idea of peaceful civil disobedience.

e. the idea of peaceful civil disobedience

What did the students of the New Left movement think was missing in American liberalism in the 1960s? a. A concern about the threat of monopoly in industrial capitalism. b. The willingness to address poverty. c. The reluctance of companies to recognize unions. d. The commitment to legislate on behalf of Social Security. e. The practice of true participatory democracy.

e. the practice of true participatory democracy

In 1966, the Supreme Court ruled in Miranda v. Arizona that a. states must permit interracial marriage. b. local elections could be monitored by federal officials. c. school prayer was unconstitutional. d. suspects could not refuse to cooperate with police. e. those in police custody had certain rights.

e. those in police custody had certain rights

Regarding the civil rights during his presidency, John F. Kennedy a. instructed his brother Robert Kennedy to immediately enforce desegregation in the South. b. proposed a civil rights bill his first week in office. c. immediately addressed the demands of black activists. d. remained completely uninvolved. e. was reluctant to address the movement's demands until 1963.

e. was reluctant to address the movement's demands until 1963

During the postwar suburban boom, African-Americans: a. were discriminated against only in the South. b. were encouraged to move into communities like Levittown, New York. c. experienced little, if any, discrimination, especially in the North. d. received special treatment if they were veterans. e. were often unable to receive financing for housing.

e. were often unable to receive financing for housing

The Berlin Wall a. became an unlikely symbol of hope that one day the Cold War would end. b. was torn down in 1989 by a group of Soviet protestors. c. was built with the cooperation of West Germany and her western allies, who sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union. d. was erected in 1961 by the Soviets to stem the rising tide of emigration from East Berlin to West Berlin. e. was a temporary defensive measure enacted after a series of riots.

was erected in 1961 by the Soviets to stem the rising tide of emigration from East Berlin to West Berlin.