Module 7:Development

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

conservation

As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there.

object permanence

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

identity vs. confusion

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

During the elementary school stage (ages 6-12), children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of accomplishment or they feel inadequate when they don't measure up. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

industry vs. inferiority

In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.

preoperational

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.

concrete operational

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

conventional

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

formal operational

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to.

egocentrism

When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

generativity vs. stagnation

Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

initiative vs. guilt

People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

intimacy vs. isolation

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

permissive

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cigarettes, and alcohol are all examples of ________.

teratogens

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs. mistrust