Molecular cell biology

does the sub-step of the elongation cycle depicted by the transition from a to b require energy in the form of GTP hydrolysis?

YES

If guanidine bridges were formed by this drug anywhere on the parent template strand, but not in the origins of replication, would DNA replication even begin if this drug were present?

Yes

an amino acid contains which of the following chemical groups:

a carboxyl group and an amino group

the actual translation of mRNAs (the synthesis of protein) begins?

a site downstream of the 5' UTR

substrate for translation

amino acids

direction in which the product is synthesized for translation

amino to carboxy

If this monomer were located at the tail end of its polymer, which chemical group represents the 3' end?

c

What species of tRNA is located in the A site:

charged tRNA

substrate for replication

deoxyribonucleic acids

A promoter:

dictates which of the two DNA strands is to be used as a template, positions the RNA polymerase exactly over the start point, is utilized during the binding stage of transcription, recruits the RNA polymerase to the template

where on the DNA template is the RNA polymerase II locate?

downstream of the promoter

Initiation of eukaryotic protein synthesis depends on the formation of a crucial complex called the "pre-initiation complex". choose the answer that correctly lists the components of this complex.

elf2, 2 GTPs, Met-tRNA, small ribosomal subunit

which phase of the eukaryotic transcription is depicted in the diagram to the left:

elongation

termination for replication

end of template

Unwinding of the double stranded DNA molecule to allow access of RNA polymerase to the template is mediated by the same DNA Helicase used in replication.

false

The above diagram is representative of which stage of elongation cycle;

immediately after a new aminoacyl-tRNA is delivered to the ribosome but before peptide bond formation

only focusing on figure D of the diagram, how many GTPs were utilized as a source of energy to create the polypeptide depicted?

2

direction template is read for replication

3' to 5'

direction template is read for transcription

3' to 5'

direction in which the product is synthesized for replication

5' to 3'

direction in which the product is synthesized for transcription

5' to 3'

direction template is read for translation

5' to 3'

Each amino acid is represented by a circle. the amino terminus of the growing peptide is represented by which amino acid?

A

Which of the following is not one of the main components of cell theory?

Cells must contain DNA

Aminoglycosides are common antibiotics possessing one primary mode of action: it binds irreversibly to the large bacterial ribosomal subunit. If amikacin were to be used prior to protein synthesis, which step of Translation would most likely be affected?

initiation

Molecule that mediates the process of Replication

DNA polymerase

Cyclophosphamide is a drug treatment for nucleoplasms. The drug causes the formation of bridges between guanines and prevents DNA replication because it causes significant deformation of the DNA molecule. Keeping this in mind, which of the following enzymes or proteins involved in DNA replication would primarily be affected:

DNA polymerase 3 (responsible for overall DNA replication)

Here is a nucleotide sequence 5'-ATGCAAGGTT-3'. Choose the answer that correctly identifies both the polymer that this sequence represents and the complementary nucleotide sequence written in the 3' to 5' direction:

DNA; TACGTTCCAA

Product of Replication:

Double stranded DNA

Template for Replication

Double stranded DNA

template for translation

mRNA

Ligase

no-stop phenotype (replication would continue) An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment; . This enzyme is used during DNA replication and is also used in recombinant DNA research.

Tetracycline is a common treatment for acne. would translation be inhibited within normal skin cells?

NO

did this reaction from B to C require energy in the form of GTP hydrolysis?

NO

During transcription of a particular gene in eukaryotes, the RNA polymerase will transcribe:

only one of the DNA strands, moving in a 3' to 5' for one and 5' to 3' along the other

initiation for replication

origin of replication

Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is a protein synthesis inhibitor. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit of microbial ribosomes. They inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the attachment of charged aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site. Thus, they:

prevent introduction of new amino acids to the ribosome during elongation

initiation for transcription

promoter or + 1 start site

Helicase

quick stop phenotype (immediate stop of replication) An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.

Molecule that mediates the process of Translation:

rRNA or ribosomes

Substrate for transcription

ribonucleic acids

what component of the ribosomal complex is responsible for the reaction occurring in the transition from B to C?

ribososmal RNAs

Topoisomerase

slow-stop phenotype (replication would slow down and then eventually stop) An enzyme that cuts one or both strands of DNA to relieve the excess tension caused by the unwinding of the helix by helicase during replication.

initiation for translation

start codon or 5' cap

termination for transcription

step-loop structure

termination for translation

stop codon

what would happen to transcription of a DNA template if Rho were non-functional and the sequence to allow formation of a stem-loop structure did not exist?

transcription would continue on indefinitely

If amikacin were to be used after protein synthesis were already in progress, which 'sub-step' step of the elongation cycle of translation would most likely be affected:

translocation

The diagram to the left represents a:

Nucleotide

Assume that single-stranded DNA binding proteins were in the process of binding to DNA template to keep a replication fork open; if considering DNA replication in a sequential fashion, which enzyme or protein would be next in the series of enzymes/proteins involved in replication:

Primase

Product of Translation:

Proteins

The diagram to the left depicts the substrate for:

RNA

product of Transcription:

RNA

Molecule that mediates the process of Transcription

RNA Polymerase

template for transcription

Single stranded DNA

Which enzyme or protein ensures that DNA polymerase remains attached to the template throughout replication?

Sliding clamp proteins

which general transcription factor is specifically responsible for recognizing the promoter?

TFIID

Which of the following statements is not true of telomerase?

Telomerase prevents supercoiling of double stranded DNA

The central dogma of molecular biology states that information transfer is absolutely not allowed in which one of the following conditions?

Transfer from protein to RNA

Which of the following requires primase activity?

Both leading and lagging strand

where is the 5' end of the new RNA transcript?

C

which strand is the coding strand?

C

The amino acid labeled"B" is methionine

False