Motor final- new questions

Strength training, even when competently supervised, puts the child at great risk for adverse effects on growth and maturation.

false

Symmetrical and asymmetrical function appears at the same time in children.

false

The life-span perspective focuses only on development during childhood and adolescence.

false

The multidisciplinary approach examines motor behavior from a psychomotor perspective only.

false

The ratio of total body length to sitting height increases due to the rapid growth of the arms.

false

The slower processing speed of children is due primarily to peripheral processing factors, such as the speed of conduction of signals along pathways to the brain.

false

When infants are born, their heads are proportionally larger than the rest of their bodies. This is an example of proximodistal development.

false

Working memory is well established by one year of age and does not increase with age.

false

Adolescents may be at risk for restricted growth and delayed maturation when intense training is combined with insufficient __________ intake.

food

Of the following skills - gallop, skip, and slide - which is the first to typically appear?

gallop

Richard Schmidt proposed the notion of a __________ motor program.

generalized

The pituitary gland produces __________ hormone, which is responsible for activating the adolescent growth spurt.

growth

Sex differences become more pronounced during which of the following phases of the developmental continuum?

growth and refinement

This perspective of motor development suggests that perceiving is experiencing and that perception and motor action are connected.

Gibsons

Mature patterns of fundamental motor skills are age-related.

false

This theory suggests that movement emerges from the interaction of the individual, environment, and the task.

Newell's constraints

__________ is progress towards a full-functioning, biological state.

Maturation

Men are at greater risk for bone loss than women are.

false

Sexual age is the best measure of biological age.

false

Strength gains from training occur solely through muscle hypertrophy.

false

__________ states that bone structures will adapt to suit the stresses and strains placed on them.

Wolff's law

Similar to striking, a mature kicking pattern utilizes

an increase in range of motion

__________ is the study of biological growth and body measurement.

anthropometry

A rate controller or prerequisite for hopping is

balance

Several types of activities require control of two hands, or __________ control.

bimanual

__________ age, including dental, sexual, or skeletal age, is a better way to assess maturation than chronological age is.

biological

Which of these factors has NOT been linked to delayed menarche?

body fat of 22 percent

In Newell's constraints model, which of the following would be considered a structural constraint?

body weight

Which of the following is the most frequently used anthropometric measure to estimate body mass?

body weight

What is the first movement observed in the bouncing/dribbling sequence?

bouncing and catching

The anthropometric measure of head circumference estimates

brain growth

When examining a child throw the ball, a researcher identifies her to be a 3 for her arm action and a 4 for her leg action. This is an example of the __________ approach.

component

The __________ approach of categorizing fundamental movement patterns is also known as the total body approach.

composite

The drawing of which shape occurs last in the general program for copying?

diamond

For males, being a(n) _____ tends to be advantageous for athletic participation.

early maturer

All people will acquire a mature stage of all motor skills.

false

Children under 3 years of age tend to use the tripod to write and color.

false

Early running patterns are usually characterized by a heel-toe pattern.

false

Females tend to mature after males do.

false

Fat and muscle cells grow in size. This is called __________.

hypertrophy

Prepubertal growth is adversely affected by

intermittent vigorous physical activity

The motor skill of __________ requires the person to land on both feet.

jumping

The process of noticing whether a stimulus is identical or similar to one previously experienced is known as __________.

recognition memory

Study of rapid arm movements in old versus young adults revealed that old adults were

less smooth

Alcohol and many drugs, when present in amounts considered small for an adult, may have potent effects on a fetus because of the immaturity of which fetal organ?

liver

A child is climbing a ladder. He steps up with his right foot and then places his left foot on the rung next to his right foot. He repeats this action until he has climbed to the top. This movement is called

marking time

Both body weight and body composition describe a person's body __________.

mass

The __________ view of development asserts that motor function is affected by the growth of the central nervous system.

maturation

As people begin to age, it is likely that their somatotype becomes less

mesomorphic

__________ occurs when the cartilage turns to bone in the body.

ossification

__________ is the ability of structures in our body to reorganize themselves.

plasticity

The general slowing of the body with advanced age constitutes a universal phenomenon known as

psychomotor slowing

Adolescence brains undergo rapid changes in physical growth and maturation. This period of time is also known as __________.

puberty

Maturation is _____ process.

qualitative

The skill of __________ has a flight phase in which both legs are off the ground, whereas walking does not have a flight phase.

running

A major prediction of the __________ is that variability in practice will result in increased transfer to a novel task.

schema theory

The mean age of menarche today tends to be earlier than it was 30 years ago. This is an example of a __________ trend.

secular

An example of a(n) __________ of time is during the embryonic and fetal period where the embryo and fetus are susceptible to teratogens.

sensitive period

The motor skill of __________ consists of a step-hop, step-hop pattern.

skipping

An activity associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of low birth-weight is __________.

smoking

Endomorphy, ectomorphy, and mesomorphy are descriptors of body build, or __________.

somatotypes

__________ of development are when universal milestones occur at certain, specific age-levels.

stages

Regular physical activity has no apparent effect on

stature

A(n) __________ is a set of ideas used to organize, describe, and explain behavior.

theory

A child who had a chronological age of 14 and a skeletal age of 11 is considered a late maturer.

true

A distance curve conveys height over time.

true

A window of opportunity in which neural networking of the brain is optimal is also called critical periods.

true

As children grow older, they use experience and strategies, such as automation, to become more efficient with their allocation of attention.

true

Because of the cephalocaudal growth pattern, infants are probably too top-heavy to be able to walk.

true

Boys experience a more intense growth spurt than girls do because boys have a greater amount of testosterone in their body.

true

Children will typically transfer weight on the same side as the throwing arm before they engage in arm-foot opposition.

true

Early attempts at striking are characterized by a chopping action on a vertical plane.

true

Early catching is characterized by trapping the ball.

true

Girls tend to be more advanced at skipping than boys are.

true

In Newell's constraints model, the term constraint refers to factors that either facilitate or restrict development.

true

Mature climbing utilizes a cross-lateral pattern.

true

One reason for studying motor development is for improvement of health and enhancing performance.

true

One weakness of a cross-sectional research design is potential cohort effects.

true

Physical activity has little effect on body proportions.

true

The developmental systems perspective reflects the notion that development occurs from the interaction of people in their environmental contexts.

true

The hormone thyroxine is essential to the development of the central nervous system.

true

The single-most important cause of growth retardation world-wide is __________.

undernutrition

Which of the following would be an example of motor learning?

understanding how practice contributes to the relatively permanent change in basketball skills

Which construction and self-help skill is typically the first to appear in children?

using a spoon

Which of the following is an example of a product value? You reached complete extension during your jump. You ran the 100 m quickly. Your arm action was more effective in your hop. You have a rhythmical pattern to your skip.

you ran the 100 m quickly