Motor final- new questions
Strength training, even when competently supervised, puts the child at great risk for adverse effects on growth and maturation.
false
Symmetrical and asymmetrical function appears at the same time in children.
false
The life-span perspective focuses only on development during childhood and adolescence.
false
The multidisciplinary approach examines motor behavior from a psychomotor perspective only.
false
The ratio of total body length to sitting height increases due to the rapid growth of the arms.
false
The slower processing speed of children is due primarily to peripheral processing factors, such as the speed of conduction of signals along pathways to the brain.
false
When infants are born, their heads are proportionally larger than the rest of their bodies. This is an example of proximodistal development.
false
Working memory is well established by one year of age and does not increase with age.
false
Adolescents may be at risk for restricted growth and delayed maturation when intense training is combined with insufficient __________ intake.
food
Of the following skills - gallop, skip, and slide - which is the first to typically appear?
gallop
Richard Schmidt proposed the notion of a __________ motor program.
generalized
The pituitary gland produces __________ hormone, which is responsible for activating the adolescent growth spurt.
growth
Sex differences become more pronounced during which of the following phases of the developmental continuum?
growth and refinement
This perspective of motor development suggests that perceiving is experiencing and that perception and motor action are connected.
Gibsons
Mature patterns of fundamental motor skills are age-related.
false
This theory suggests that movement emerges from the interaction of the individual, environment, and the task.
Newell's constraints
__________ is progress towards a full-functioning, biological state.
Maturation
Men are at greater risk for bone loss than women are.
false
Sexual age is the best measure of biological age.
false
Strength gains from training occur solely through muscle hypertrophy.
false
__________ states that bone structures will adapt to suit the stresses and strains placed on them.
Wolff's law
Similar to striking, a mature kicking pattern utilizes
an increase in range of motion
__________ is the study of biological growth and body measurement.
anthropometry
A rate controller or prerequisite for hopping is
balance
Several types of activities require control of two hands, or __________ control.
bimanual
__________ age, including dental, sexual, or skeletal age, is a better way to assess maturation than chronological age is.
biological
Which of these factors has NOT been linked to delayed menarche?
body fat of 22 percent
In Newell's constraints model, which of the following would be considered a structural constraint?
body weight
Which of the following is the most frequently used anthropometric measure to estimate body mass?
body weight
What is the first movement observed in the bouncing/dribbling sequence?
bouncing and catching
The anthropometric measure of head circumference estimates
brain growth
When examining a child throw the ball, a researcher identifies her to be a 3 for her arm action and a 4 for her leg action. This is an example of the __________ approach.
component
The __________ approach of categorizing fundamental movement patterns is also known as the total body approach.
composite
The drawing of which shape occurs last in the general program for copying?
diamond
For males, being a(n) _____ tends to be advantageous for athletic participation.
early maturer
All people will acquire a mature stage of all motor skills.
false
Children under 3 years of age tend to use the tripod to write and color.
false
Early running patterns are usually characterized by a heel-toe pattern.
false
Females tend to mature after males do.
false
Fat and muscle cells grow in size. This is called __________.
hypertrophy
Prepubertal growth is adversely affected by
intermittent vigorous physical activity
The motor skill of __________ requires the person to land on both feet.
jumping
The process of noticing whether a stimulus is identical or similar to one previously experienced is known as __________.
recognition memory
Study of rapid arm movements in old versus young adults revealed that old adults were
less smooth
Alcohol and many drugs, when present in amounts considered small for an adult, may have potent effects on a fetus because of the immaturity of which fetal organ?
liver
A child is climbing a ladder. He steps up with his right foot and then places his left foot on the rung next to his right foot. He repeats this action until he has climbed to the top. This movement is called
marking time
Both body weight and body composition describe a person's body __________.
mass
The __________ view of development asserts that motor function is affected by the growth of the central nervous system.
maturation
As people begin to age, it is likely that their somatotype becomes less
mesomorphic
__________ occurs when the cartilage turns to bone in the body.
ossification
__________ is the ability of structures in our body to reorganize themselves.
plasticity
The general slowing of the body with advanced age constitutes a universal phenomenon known as
psychomotor slowing
Adolescence brains undergo rapid changes in physical growth and maturation. This period of time is also known as __________.
puberty
Maturation is _____ process.
qualitative
The skill of __________ has a flight phase in which both legs are off the ground, whereas walking does not have a flight phase.
running
A major prediction of the __________ is that variability in practice will result in increased transfer to a novel task.
schema theory
The mean age of menarche today tends to be earlier than it was 30 years ago. This is an example of a __________ trend.
secular
An example of a(n) __________ of time is during the embryonic and fetal period where the embryo and fetus are susceptible to teratogens.
sensitive period
The motor skill of __________ consists of a step-hop, step-hop pattern.
skipping
An activity associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of low birth-weight is __________.
smoking
Endomorphy, ectomorphy, and mesomorphy are descriptors of body build, or __________.
somatotypes
__________ of development are when universal milestones occur at certain, specific age-levels.
stages
Regular physical activity has no apparent effect on
stature
A(n) __________ is a set of ideas used to organize, describe, and explain behavior.
theory
A child who had a chronological age of 14 and a skeletal age of 11 is considered a late maturer.
true
A distance curve conveys height over time.
true
A window of opportunity in which neural networking of the brain is optimal is also called critical periods.
true
As children grow older, they use experience and strategies, such as automation, to become more efficient with their allocation of attention.
true
Because of the cephalocaudal growth pattern, infants are probably too top-heavy to be able to walk.
true
Boys experience a more intense growth spurt than girls do because boys have a greater amount of testosterone in their body.
true
Children will typically transfer weight on the same side as the throwing arm before they engage in arm-foot opposition.
true
Early attempts at striking are characterized by a chopping action on a vertical plane.
true
Early catching is characterized by trapping the ball.
true
Girls tend to be more advanced at skipping than boys are.
true
In Newell's constraints model, the term constraint refers to factors that either facilitate or restrict development.
true
Mature climbing utilizes a cross-lateral pattern.
true
One reason for studying motor development is for improvement of health and enhancing performance.
true
One weakness of a cross-sectional research design is potential cohort effects.
true
Physical activity has little effect on body proportions.
true
The developmental systems perspective reflects the notion that development occurs from the interaction of people in their environmental contexts.
true
The hormone thyroxine is essential to the development of the central nervous system.
true
The single-most important cause of growth retardation world-wide is __________.
undernutrition
Which of the following would be an example of motor learning?
understanding how practice contributes to the relatively permanent change in basketball skills
Which construction and self-help skill is typically the first to appear in children?
using a spoon
Which of the following is an example of a product value? You reached complete extension during your jump. You ran the 100 m quickly. Your arm action was more effective in your hop. You have a rhythmical pattern to your skip.
you ran the 100 m quickly