MPO- Individual Differences and Emotions

Emotions ________ behavior and are an important means for communicating with others

motivate

How stable are Personality Traits?

Relatively stable of dispositions (tendencies of individuals to respond to situations in consistent ways)

Practical Intelligence

The ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to, shape, and select environments.

CSEs effect on CWBs

There is a tipping point when stress becomes too much and emotional stability does not protect employees from committing CWBs.

Emotions change an individual's ________ and/or ________ states

psychological, physiological

What are the Core Self-Evaluations?

A broad personality trait comprised of four narrow individual traits: -Generalized self-efficacy -Self-esteem -Locus of control -Emotional stability

What is Personality?

-A combination of stable physical, behavior, and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities. -A product of interacting genetic and environmental influences

Key Components of Emotional Intelligence:

-A mixture of personality and emotions. -Personal competence: self-awareness and self-management -Social competence: social awareness and relationship management

Adaption, Shaping, and Selection are all used to manage _______, _________, and ________

oneself, others, tasks

What is Emotional Intelligence?

Ability to monitor one's own emotions and those of others, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions. Referred to some as EQ.

Generalized Self-Efficacy

-"I can do that" -An individual's belief about his/her chances of accomplishing a specific task -Self-efficacy CAN be developed. Through: job design, training and development, self-management, goal setting, coaching, and leadership can enhance self-efficacy

What is Intelligence?

-An individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving. -Intelligence is not purely genetic, it can be altered and modified. -Intellectual development can be damaged by organic factors (drugs, alcohol, poor nutrition). -Average intelligence has rose over the last 70 years

Self-Esteem

-An individual's feeling of self-worth -Affected by situations, raised or lowered. -De-emphasize self-esteem when doing business in collectivist cultures. -Self-esteem remains fairly stable over the course of a person's life. -Differences between men and women are small.

Benefits of Emotional Intelligence:

-Better social relationships, higher well-being, and higher satisfaction across ages and contexts -Higher sales and customer retention -Positively associated with leadership emergence and effectiveness

What makes us different, Genetics or the Environment?

-Both -The important thing is not what shaped our attributes but the fact that those attributes make us who we are

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

-Extraversion -Agreeableness -Conscientiousness -Neuroticism/Emotional Stability -Openness to Experience -No single trait is right or wrong

Emotional Stability

-High levels: relaxed, secure, unworried, less likely to experience negative emotions under pressure. Higher job performance, more OCBs, less CWBs. -Low levels: prone to anxiety, tend to view the world negatively.

Practical considerations about Core Self-Evaluations

-Job performance and job satisfaction CAN be predicted by CSEs -CSEs can be used for: employee selection and training

Drawbacks of Emotional Intelligence:

-No clear relationship with job performance -Research remains mixed

Why are individual differences important in management?

-No two individuals are completely alike -managers need to understand their own and their team members' individual differences and combine them to achieve a common goal. -Individual differences determine behaviors. Behavior is a function of the interaction between the individual and the situation. The individual is not passive -he/she determines the interactional process

Emotions as reactions to Goal Achievement

-Positive emotions result from the satisfactory achievement of goals -Negative emotions are triggered by frustration and/or failure when pursuing goals

Locus of Control

-Relatively stable personality characteristic that describes how much personal responsibility someone takes for their behavior and its consequences. -Internal Locus of Control- YOU make THINGS happen -External Locus of Control- THINGS happen to YOU

Basic Characteristics of Individual Differences

-Some are relatively stable over time and across situations and are more difficult to change. Such as intelligence and cognitive ability. -Other characteristics are more flexible. Such as attitudes and emotions. -All individual differences influence important individual-level work outcomes such as job performance, job satisfaction, turnover, OCB, and CWB

Conscientiousness

-Tendency to be careful, dependable, hardworking, scrupulous, and persevering. -Has the strongest affect on job performance and job satisfaction across jobs. -More motivated and high performers. -Tough on peer evaluations.

Openness to Experience

-Tendency to be original, have broad interests, be open to a wide range stimuli, be daring, and take risks. -Nonconforming and creative.

Neuroticism

-Tendency to experience negative emotions and moods, feel distressed, and be critical of oneself and others. -Worried, emotional, and self-conscious. -When they're low in neuroticism (or high in emotional stability): calm and self-confident

Extraversion

-Tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and feel good about oneself and the rest of the world. -Social, talkative, energetic. -Higher salaries and receive more promotions

Agreeableness

-Tendency to get along well with others -Cooperative, and warm. -Good in groups. -More lenient in peer evaluations.

CSEs effect on OCBs

As emotional stability increases, OCBs decline

Individual Differences that managers have impact upon

Attitudes and Emotions

What are Individual Differences?

Broad category used to collectively describe the vast number of attributes that each individual has

What are the Personality Traits?

Certain enduring tendencies that influence how an individual feels, thinks, and behaves (on and off the job)

Adaption

Changing oneself to suit the environment

Shaping

Changing the environment to suit one's needs or desires

What are Emotions?

Complex, relatively brief, affective responses associated with a particular target: -Person -Information -Experience -Event -Nonevent

Martha would like to hire employees who will be strong performers in her organization. Which of the Big Five personality dimensions should she try to make sure the new employees score high on?

Conscientiousness

CSE stands for

Core Self-Evaluations

EI stands for

Emotional Intelligence

Mary is a manager for Greens and Grits. Mary would like to improve job satisfaction for her employees, she can accomplish this by implementing different policies dealing with:

Emotions and Attitudes

Jessica is the VP of Marketing at ABCD, Inc. She is open to hearing innovative ideas from her staff, and gives each contributed idea deep thought and consideration. Based on these facts, Jessica would score highly on conscientiousness factor. True or False?

False

Selection

Finding a new environment within which to work

George has a high score on Emotional Stability and Agreeableness, but a low score on all other personality factors. All of the following statements would accurately describe George, EXCEPT: -He doesn't mind being the center of attention. -He takes time out for others. -He is not easily bothered by others. -He sympathizes with other people's feelings.

He doesn't mind being the center of attention

NBBB, Inc. is looking to hire a new intern with a relatively high core self-evaluation. Which of the following statements would contribute towards a high core self-evaluation? -My future is based on an external power -When I do not succeed, I take it personally -I rarely feel depressed -I am unsure of how my life will turn out

I rarely feel depressed

Individual Differences that managers have little or no impact upon

Intelligence and Personality

_______ emotions can result from achieving a goal that also includes negative consequences

Mixed

George does not score particularly well on standard IQ tests yet he has a unique ability to deal with complex interpersonal situations. What would explain this phenomenon?

Multiple Intelligences

Emotion Display Norms

Norms or rules that dictate which types of emotions are expected and appropriate for their members to show

Joe was terminated from his job and believed the reason was his boss did not like him and his hard work was not appreciated. Joe likely has

an external locus of control