Mr. Bridwell Quarter 3 Test AP US History 2019 Possible Questions

Which of the following was primarily responsible for the declining death rate in American cities at the end of the nineteenth century? A) Doctors began to provide free medical care to poor people. B) Cities built sewers and supplied purified water. C) Cities began to provide free medical care to those who needed it. D) Better transportation enabled more people to seek medical care. E) Fewer poor people moved to the cities in the late nineteenth century.

B) Cities built sewers and supplied purified water.

"As touching the quality of this country , three thinges there bee, which in few yeares may bring this Colony to perfection; the English plough, Vineyards, & Cattle .. . . "All our riches for the present doe consiste in Tobacco, wherein one man by his owne laboour hath in one yeare, raised to himself to the value of 200 sterling; and another by the means of sixe seruants ha.th cleared at one crop a thou sand pound english. These be true , yet indeed rare examples , yet possible to be done by others. Our principa.ll wealth (I should ha.ue said) consisteth in servants: but they are chargeable to be furnished with armes, apparel, & bedding , and for their transportation, and casua.ll both at sea, & for their first year commonly at la.nde also: but if they escape, they proove very hardy, and sound able men." -John Pory, Secretary of Virginia, Letter to Sir Dudley Carlton, 1619 Which of the following groups made up most of the servants referred to in the passage? A) American Indians B) Indentured servants from Europe C) Enslave Africans D) Women whose husbands had escaped

B) Indentured servants from Europe

Which of the following was true of the United States Constitution as adopted at the Constitutional Convention? A) It was a revised version of the English Constitution. B) It was built on a series of compromises. C) It provided exact specifications covering all aspects of government. D) It included a Bill of Rights. E) It allowed all male citizens over the age of twenty-one to vote.

B) It was built on a series of compromises.

Based on Transcendentalist ideas , penitentiaries were "designed so that every prisoner would live in solitary confinement, and would therefore have time to think and reform." (Jacksonland). This idea was opposed by A) the Millennialists, who believed that the end was near, and prisoners should be set free to meet their maker. B) Lafayette, who believed solitary confinement was torture. C) Jackson, who thought hard labor was a better path to reformation. D) Henry Clay, who espoused the idea of "prison yards" where prisoners could exercise and commune with each other.

B) Lafayette, who believed solitary confinement was torture.

Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) Slaveholders believed that slaves were inferior and required White guardianship B) Most White families owned slaves. C) White plantation owners feared abolition would destroy the South's economy. D) Poor White farmers feared the economic competition of four million freed persons. E) Slavery was condoned in the Bible.

B) Most White families owned slaves.

William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society were known for A) supporting the Kansas-Nebraska Act's provisions regarding slavery B) advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation C) advocating colonization by former slaves in West Africa D) advocating the use of tariff revenues to purchase slaves from slaveholders E) opposing women's participation in public abolitionist meetings

B) advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation

Although Congress accepted most of Alexander Hamilton's economic proposals, it rejected his A) call for a whiskey tax B) call for direct subsidies to manufacturers C) call for a tariff D) plans for a Bank of the United States E) Report on the Public Credit

B) call for direct subsidies to manufacturers

The term "vertical integration" refers to A) Reconstruction-era efforts to assimilate newly freed slaves into all social strata of American society B) control of all aspects of an industry, from production of raw materials to delivery of finished goods C) an architectural movement that sought to blend urban skyscrapers with the natural landscape surrounding them D) the industrial practice of assigning workers a single, repetitive task in order to maximize productivity

B) control of all aspects of an industry, from production of raw materials to delivery of finished goods

The goal of the American Colonization Society was to A) promote western expansion by funding internal improvements B) return freed slaves to Africa C) recruit immigrant labor for American factories D) extend United States influence to overseas colonies E) assimilate recent immigrants into American society

B) return freed slaves to Africa

At the local level in the North, Democrats and Republicans were deeply divided over A) racial issues. B) social issues. C) tariff issues. D) money policy.

B) social issues.

British colonists in North America objected to the Stamp Act primarily because it A) enriched corrupt officials B) taxed them without their consent C) threatened the free press D) closed the colonial courts E) disrupted trade with the West Indies

B) taxed them without their consent

During the Great Depression, the federal government responded with force when A) audiences booed newsreels showing President Herbert Hoover B) the Bonus Expeditionary Force encamped in Washington C) mobs of farmers tried to prevent foreclosures on farms and threatened to lynch judges who allowed them D) the communist-dominated National Mine Workers' Union denounced the American government and flag E) protesters displayed "Hoover flags," empty pockets turned inside out

B) the Bonus Expeditionary Force encamped in Washington

"I think that ' twixt the negroe s of the South and the women at the North, all talking about right s, the white men will be in a fix pretty soo n. But what's all this here talk about? "That man over there says that women need to be helped ... Nobody ever helps me .... And ain't I a woman? "Then they talk about this thing in the head . . . intellect ... What 's that got to do with women's rights or negro's rights? If my cup won't hold but a pint, and yours holds a quart , would n't you be mean not to let me have my little half-measure full? "Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did Christ come from? ... From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him." - Sojourner Truth , abolitionist and former slave, speech to a Women's Convention in Ohio, 1851 Sojourner Truth saw connection between the women's rights movement and A) the cult of domesticity B) the antislavery movement C) the Constitution D) the Second Great Awakening

B) the antislavery movement

The American Colonization Society was estab- lished in the early nineteenth century with the goal of A) encouraging immigration from Ireland and Germany B) transporting African Americans to Africa C) settling White Americans on western lands D) encouraging Chinese contract laborers to emigrate to the United States E) settling American Indians on reservations

B) transporting African Americans to Africa

In Marbury v. Madison, the United States Supreme Court affirmed A) the broad scope of the federal government's commerce power B) ts right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments C) the sanctity of property rights against harassment by unfriendly state legislatures D) its right to determine the constitutionality of state court decisions E) its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws

B) ts right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments

"The gold and silver mined with forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia constituted a windfall that could have been used to develop Spanish agriculture, industry, and commerce. It could have helped the country catch up with northwestern Europe's more developed economies .... "But Spain [in the 1500s] was in the grip of a tiny ruling class of royalty, Catholic Church hierarchy, and landed aristocracy. Two to three per cent of the population owned 97 per cent of the land in Castile, Spain's heartland. The great landowners had no incentive to modernize Spain. They just wanted to raise more sheep and sell more wool. The environmental degradation that overgrazing vast numbers of sheep entailed seems to have bothered the ruling class no more than the cutting of forests for timber to build ships and provide charcoal to smelt domestic Spanish silver ore. And so, what if the wool went to Holland to be manufactured into cloth rather than being processed in Spain itself. "Meanwhile, successes in the New World swelled the Spanish monarchy's ambitions in the Old. The bonanza of bullion from the Americas encouraged Spain's rulers to build up the army into Europe 's largest military force, setting off an arms race that forced rivals to multiply their armed forces as well .... Hegemonic wars against the French, Dutch, and English followed .... "The most lasting and far-reaching effect of the increase of money in circulation was to set off a long wave of inflation that spread throughout Western Europe. To be sure, deficit spending on unproductive armies, navies, and wars as well as debasement of coinage by monarchs in search of additional royal revenue contributed to the run-up in prices." -A. Kent MacDougall, University of California, Berkeley, March 1992. Which of the following best describes a central point of A. Kent McDougall's argument above? A) Spanish conquest of the New World Jed Spain to focus its military and diplomatic efforts toward subduing resistance in the New World and removing itself from the conflicts of Europe. B) The successes of Spanish conquest in the New World did not result in a general economic improvement in Spain itself. C) During the age of exploration and conquest, a growing divide developed in Spain between the Catholic Church and the monarchy over the treatment of American Indians. D) The large -scale migration of Spanish peasants to the New World left Spain with a scarcity of workers and a depressed economy.

C) During the age of exploration and conquest, a growing divide developed in Spain between the Catholic Church and the monarchy over the treatment of American Indians.

During the late nineteenth century, members of which of the following groups were most likely to advocate settlement houses as a means of social reform? A) Labor leaders B) African Americans leaders C) Educated middle-class women D) Democratic politicians E) Scandinavian immigrants

C) Educated middle-class women

Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from A) Asia B) Canada C) European farms and villages D) middle-class backgrounds E) Latin America

C) European farms and villages

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? A) They were barred from receiving awards for valor in combat. B) They were limited to noncombat duty. C) For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. D) For most of the war, they were led by African American officers. E) They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi.

C) For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issued in response to A) English boycotts of selected American manufactures B) Canadian alliances with northern American Indians C) French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance D) Spanish expansion in the Southeast E) Dutch economic activity in the mid-Atlantic states

C) French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance

"I am but one of many victims of Rockefeller's colossal combination," said Mr. [George) Rice, "and my story is not essentially different from the rest .... I established what w:as known as the Ohio Oil Works .... I found to my surprise at first, though I afterward understood it perfectly, that the Standard Oil Company was offering the same quality of oil at much lower prices than I could do-from one to three cents a gallon less than I could possibly sell it for. "I sought for the reason and found that the railroads were in league with the Stap.dard Oil concern at every point, giving it discriminating rates and privileges of all kinds as against myself and all outside competitors." -George Rice, "How I Was Ruined by Rockefeller," New York World, October 16, 1898. Defenders of corporate actions, such as the ones described in the passage above, would find support in A) Henry George's proposal for a "single tax" on land. B) the Omaha Platform of the Populist Platform. C) Herbert Spencer and the ideas of social Darwinism. D) Upton Sinclair's novel, "The Jungle".

C) Herbert Spencer and the ideas of social Darwinism.

With the history of powerful and unaccountable executive power in mind, Georg Mason argued,"Shall any man be above Justice? Shall the man who has practiced corruption & by that means procured his appointment in the first instance, be allowed to escape punishment?" What check on power was Mason arguing for? A) Assassination B) Veto C) Impeachment D) Recount of electoral votes

C) Impeachment

Which of the following is true of the 1935 Social Security Act? A) It provided health insurance for anyone who needed it. B) It made the United States the first industrialized country to provide a social welfare system. C) It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners. D) It was ended during the first hundred days of the New Deal. E) It created benefits for the needy by using taxes on corporate profits.

C) It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners.

Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct? A) It was strongly promoted by Andrew Jackson. B) It called for an end to the European presence in South America. C) It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency. D) It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end of the War of 1812. E) It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for five years.

C) It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency.

The Haymarket Affair represented a major setback for the A) women's suffrage movement B) Temperance movement C) Knights of Labor D) civil rights movement for African Americans

C) Knights of Labor

"If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." William Jennings Bryan, 1896 Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the quote above? A) Urban workers B) New York City financiers C) Midwestern farmers D) White-collar and professional workers E) Railroad executives

C) Midwestern farmers

Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision? A) The rights of all people are protected by the Constitution. B) Through squatter sovereignty, a territory had the sole right to determine the status of slavery within its territorial limits. C) National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories. D) Slaves residing in a free state automatically became free. E) Congress could abolish slavery at will.

C) National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.

Which of the following was the intended result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887? A) Recently arrived European immigrants would be enticed into settling in the less populated West. B) Legislators would be less likely to accept bribes because of the severity of the penalty. C) Native Americans would be coaxed off reservations by land grants and would thus assimilate into Western culture. D) Railroad companies would be persuaded to stop unfair pricing through a number of government incentives.

C) Native Americans would be coaxed off reservations by land grants and would thus assimilate into Western culture.

"We believe that the time has come when the railroad corporations will either own the people or the people must own the railroads ... We demand a national currency, safe, sound, and flexible ... We demand a graduated income tax ... We demand a free ballot." Which of the following groups included the passage above in its platform? A) Democratic Party B) American Federation of Labor C) People's Party (Populists) D) National Grange E) Union-Labor Party

C) People's Party (Populists)

Where, where was the heroic determination of the executive to vindicate our title to the whole of Oregon-yes sir, 'THE WHOLE OR NONE'[?] ... It has been openly avowed ... that Oregon and Texas were born and cradled together in the Baltimore Convention; that they were the twin offspring of that political conclave; and in that avowal may be found the whole explanation of the difficulties and dangers with which the question is now attended ... . I maintain "1. That this question ... is .... one for negotiations, compromise, and amicable adjustment. "2. That satisfactory evidence has not yet been afforded that no compromise which the United States ought to accept can be effected. "3. That, if no other mode of amicable settlement remains , arbitration ought to be resorted to .... " -Robert C. Winthrop, speech to the House of Representatives, "Arbitration of the Oregon Question," January 3, 1846 Winthrop suggests that Polk 's slogan of "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!" was based mainly on which of the following attitudes? A) Polk held strong anti-British sentiments B) Polk believed the country needed more free land C) Polk hoped to get political benefit D) Polk felt pressure from Southerners

C) Polk hoped to get political benefit

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to A) prohibit slavery above Missouri's southern border B) assure that Congress had a constitutional right to establish or abolish slavery in new territories C) allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there D) allow towns to decide the issue of slavery on a case-by-case basis E) admit Kansas as a slave state and Nebraska as a free state

C) allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there

All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT A) the gradual emancipation laws of individual states B) manumission granted by slaveholders' wills C) federal constitutional provisions for emancipation D) manumission granted for Revolutionary War service E) natural increase among free African Americans

C) federal constitutional provisions for emancipation

Andrew Johnson was impeached because A) he vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill B) Congress was controlled by Republicans and he was a Democrat C) he violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Stanton D) he refused to carry out Lincoln's plan for reconstruction

C) he violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Stanton

Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT A) imposition of poll taxes B)extension of suffrage to women C) imposition of an income tax D) prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages E) procedures for electing United States senators

C) imposition of an income tax

A distinguishing feature of American society in the early nineteenth century was the A) creation of original forms of art and architecture B) dislike of voluntary associations C) increasing readership of newspapers D) lack of enthusiasm for religious reform E) embrace of an aristocratic hierarchy

C) increasing readership of newspapers

Colonial cities functioned primarily as? A) places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities. B) centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted. C) mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods. D) places where most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans. E) centers of light manufacturing.

C) mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods.

The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily A) representatives of industries seeking higher tariffs B) workers concerned with establishing industrial unions C) middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues D) immigrant activists attempting to change restrictive immigration laws E) farmers interested in improving agricultural production

C) middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues

The purpose of the Committee on Public Information, headed by George Creel, was to A) prosecute unfair business practices during the Progressive Era B) prosecute allegations of sedition during the First World War C) mobilize popular support for the First World War D) educate the public about health and nutrition during the Progressive Era E) investigate unsafe factory conditions during the Progressive Era

C) mobilize popular support for the First World War

Policy initiatives during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first two presidential terms included all of the following EXCEPT A) restoring public confidence in the banking system B) restricting agricultural production C) nationalizing basic industries D) creating new jobs in the public sector E) deficit financing

C) nationalizing basic industries

The Open Door policy of the early twentieth century called for A) the elimination of passports for international travel B) the opening of United States markets to foreign goods C) open access to China for American investment and commercial interests D) the continuation of the Monroe Doctrine in the Western Hemisphere E) unlimited European immigration into the United States

C) open access to China for American investment and commercial interests

The objective of the Bonus Expeditionary Force that marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 was to obtain A) civil rights for African Americans B) higher commodity prices for farmers C) payment of money to veterans of the First World War D) legal rights for members of the Communist party E) better education for children

C) payment of money to veterans of the First World War

The objective of the Bonus Expeditionary Force that marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 was to obtain A) legal rights for members of the Communist party B) higher commodity prices for farmers C) payment of money to veterans of the First World War D) better education for children E) civil rights for African Americans

C) payment of money to veterans of the First World War

"At home the people are the sovereign power ... the industrial classes are the true sovereigns. Idleness is a condition so unrecognized and unrespected with us that the few professing it find themselves immediately thrown out of the great machine of active life which constitutes American society. "The CULTIVATORS OF THE SOIL constitute the great industrial class in this country ... for, at this moment , they do not only feed all other classes but also no insignificant portion of needy Europe , furnish the raw material for manufactures, and raise the great staples which figure so largely in the accounts of the merchants , the shipowner and manufacturer, in every village, town, and seaport in the Union ... "The system of railroads and cheap transportation already begins to supply the seaboard cities with some fair and beautiful fruits of the fertile West." -A. J. Downing , landscape architect, "In Praise of Farming, " 1848 The development of commercial farming in the Old Northwest by the time of this excerpt was written gave support to A) higher crop prices B) expansion of slavery C) population growth in Eastern cities D) Western settlements

C) population growth in Eastern cities

The purpose of the Truman Doctrine of 1947was to A) decrease the risk of nuclear war by placing atomic weaponry under the control of the United Nations B) prevent the spread of independence movements in European colonies in Asia and Africa C) prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression D) create an atmosphere of trust in which negotiation with the Soviet Union would have the best chance for success E) retake Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union

C) prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression

The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to A) open British Caribbean ports to American trade B) enable American citizens to trade through the port of New Orleans C) provide for statehood for western territories D) overcome state-imposed tariff barriers to interstate commerce E) ecure sufficient funds for payment of the national debt

C) provide for statehood for western territories

During the 1920s, both the Saco and Vanzetti case and the rise of the new Ku Klux Klan reflected A) the decreased influence of fundamentalist religious groups B) widespread opposition to Congress' decision to join the League of Nations C) public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants D) increased racism resulting from the migration of Black southerners to urban centers in the North E) growing lawlessness resulting from the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition)

C) public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants

During the 1920s, both the Saco and Vanzetti case and the rise of the new Ku Klux Klan reflected A) widespread opposition to Congress' decision to join the League of Nations B) the decreased influence of fundamentalist religious groups C) public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants D) growing lawlessness resulting from the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) E) increased racism resulting from the migration of Black southerners to urban centers in the North

C) public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants

President Calvin Coolidge and his secretary of the Treasury, Andrew Mellon, pursued an economic policy that featured A) a bimetallic monetary standard B) innovative programs to help beleaguered farmers C) tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations D) a sustained downward revision of the tariff E) effective regulation of the stock market and Wall Street

C) tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations

President Calvin Coolidge and his secretary of the Treasury, Andrew Mellon, pursued an economic policy that featured A) innovative programs to help beleaguered farmers B) effective regulation of the stock market and Wall Street C) tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations D) a bimetallic monetary standard E) a sustained downward revision of the tariff

C) tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations

The Republican Presidents of the 1920's favored A) reduced American tariffs on foreign imports B) membership in the League of Nations C) tax cuts for wealthy Americans D) forgiveness of European war debts from the First World War E) stringent federal regulation of American business

C) tax cuts for wealthy Americans

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established A) the right of citizenship for any person born in the United States B) federal protection for African Americans from Ku Klux Klan terrorism C) that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude D) the power of the federal government to intervene in state affairs to protect individual liberties E) the freedom of all slaves not emancipated under Abraham Lincoln's proclamation

C) that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude

"The God that holds you over the pit of hell, as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked; his wrath toward you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worth of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire;...and yet it is nothing by his hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quotation above contains ideas typical of: A) the Enlightenment B) antinomianism C) the Great Awakening D) Quakerism E) the Anti-Federalists

C) the Great Awakening

The farmers' protest movement lost momentum at the end of the 1890's for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A) the 1898 Yukon gold strike that increased the United States government's supply of gold and eased farmers' access to credit B) crop failures in Europe that led to an increase in United States grain exports C) the absorption of the populists by the AFL (American Federation of Labor) D) massive immigration into urban areas that led to higher prices for agricultural products E) the failure of the People's party in the 1896 election

C) the absorption of the populists by the AFL (American Federation of Labor)

Henry Hudson is known as A) the explorer who deserted his own country B) a "Navigator's Navigator" C) the captain who found the Northwest Passage D) the founder of New York City

C) the captain who found the Northwest Passage

The issue of religion figured most prominently in the consideration of which of the following? A) the settlement of Jamestown B) Spain's support of Columbus' voyages C) the establishment of Puritan colonies in Massachusetts D) France's Indian policy E) discoveries by the Spanish conquistadores

C) the establishment of Puritan colonies in Massachusetts

The Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. United States upheld the constitutionality of A) prohibiting Japanese workers from immigrating to the United States B) private prayer in public schools C) the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity D) excluding Japanese American children from California public schools E) flag burning as a form of free speech

C) the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity

Southern Democrats adopted the name "Redeemers" in the 1870s because A) they "redeemed" the two-party system in the South. B) they worked on behalf of raising the standard of living of poor whites. C) they claimed to have "redeemed" the South from northern Republican domination. D) they wanted the federal government to redeem bonds issued by the Confederacy during the Civil War.

C) they claimed to have "redeemed" the South from northern Republican domination.

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union argued that women needed the vote A) because they were naturally equal to men. B) because they had the same citizenship rights as men. C) to fulfill their domestic responsibilities in the public sphere. D) to purify politics.

C) to fulfill their domestic responsibilities in the public sphere.

President Monroe articulated the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to A) provide a rationale for United States intervention in the Isthmus of Panama B) encourage Britain to help the fledgling Latin American states C) warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere D) respond positively to the recent Latin American revolutions E) rule out United States involvement in South America

C) warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere

The dispute over electoral votes in the election of 1876 A) was resolved when Samuel J. Tilden conceded the election to Rutherford B. Hayes B) was similar to the election of 2000 in that the Supreme Court ultimately had to step in and decide the election C) was resolved by a special bipartisan commission and resulted in the end of military reconstruction D) led many members of Congress to push for a Constitutional amendment to abolish the electoral college

C) was resolved by a special bipartisan commission and resulted in the end of military reconstruction

The very first Americans A) were subsistence farmers B) predated Spain's arrival in the New World by only two centuries C) were nomadic wanderers D) lived in permanent sites

C) were nomadic wanderers

In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were A) newly arrived immigrants from Ireland B) married women whose children were of school age C) young unmarried women from rural New England D) free African Americans from urban areas E) men who were heads of households

C) young unmarried women from rural New England

"Now , therefore , I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as commander in chief ... and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion do ... order and designate as the states and parts of states wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following ... "I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated states and parts of states are, and henceforward shall be, free .... "And I further declare ... that such person s of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States ... "And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice , warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity." -Abraham Lincoln, The Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 To issue an Emancipation Proclamation , Pre sident Lincoln felt that he needed which of the following? A) A Constitutional Amendment B) Supreme Court approval C) Republican control of Congress D) A military victory

D) A military victory

It is inseparably essential to the freedom of a People, and the undoubted Right if Englishmen, that no taxes be imposed on them, but with their own Consent, given personally, or by their representatives... that it is the indispensable duty of these colonies, to the best of sovereigns...to procure the repeal of the act for granting and applying certain stamp duties, of all clauses of any other acts of Parliament...for the restriction of American Commerce. -Resolutions of the Stamp Act Congress, 1765 Which of the following was a direct British response to the colonial views expressed by the Stamp Act Congress? A) Coercive Act closing the port of Boston B) Sugar Act taxing luxuries C) Quartering Act for British soldiers D) Declaratory Act stating the right to tax

D) Declaratory Act stating the right to tax

The US Sanitary Commission was headed by: A) Clara Barton B) Dorothea Dix C) Mary Lincoln D) Elizabeth Blackwell

D) Elizabeth Blackwell

The Northwest Ordinances did which of the following? A) Established reservations for Native Americans. B) Banned slavery north of the 36° 30' line. C) Granted settlers a free homestead of 160 acres. D) Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states. E) Provided for the annexation of the Oregon Territory.

D) Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states.

The Monroe Doctrine maintained that A) all nations and states in the Americas were territories of the United States B) he United States Congress could overrule the president's foreign policy initiatives in Latin America C) Cuba, Texas, and Puerto Rico were protectorates of the United States D) European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas E) Haiti would be established as a colony to be settled by formerly enslaved people from the United States

D) European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas

"Unlike those who call themselves no-government men, I ask for, not ... no government, but ... a better government. ... "It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law so much as for the right. The only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think right. .. . "There are thousands who are in opinion opposed to slavery and to the war [with Mexico] who yet in effect do nothing to put an end to them .... "Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison ... If the alternative is to keep all just men in prison or give up war and slavery, the state will not hesitate which to choose. If a thousand men were not to pay their tax bills this year, that would not be a violent and bloody measure ... This is ... the definition of a peaceable revolution." -Henry David Thoreau, lecturer and author, "Resistance to Civil Government," (Civil Disobedience), 1849 Thoreau believed that a just man should be prepared to do which of the following? A) Organize opposition B) Overthrow the government C) Run for elected office D) Go to jail for his beliefs

D) Go to jail for his beliefs

The Second Great Awakening did which of the following? A) It emphasized reason and logic over emotionalism in religious matters. B) It resulted in a sharp decline in church membership. C) It increased Protestant toleration for Catholics and Jews. D) It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity. E) .It produced increased respect for civil authority.

D) It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity.

The Second Great Awakening did which of the following? A) It produced increased respect for civil authority. B) It resulted in a sharp decline in church membership. C) It increased Protestant toleration for Catholics and Jews. D) It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity. E) It emphasized reason and logic over emotionalism in religious matters.

D) It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity.

Which of the following best characterizes the National Origins Act of 1924 ? A) It established procedures for the immigration of alien spouses of United States citizens after 1935. B) It allowed Chinese immigrants entry into the United States after 1930. C) It allowed increased levels of immigration from southern and eastern Europe. D) It established immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the United States in 1890. E) It set restrictions on the importation of certain goods.

D) It established immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the United States in 1890.

The issue of religious toleration figured prominently in the founding of colonies by all of the following EXCEPT A) Cecil Calvert B) William Penn C) Roger Williams D) James Oglethorpe E) Anne Hutchinson

D) James Oglethorpe

The Hartford Convention was a manifestation of A) western resentment against British-backed American Indian attacks B) New England's desire to end United States trade with Great Britain C) northern gratitude to General Jackson for his victory at New Orleans D) New England Federalist opposition to the War of 1812 E) the War Hawks' impatience with President Madison's conduct of foreign policy

D) New England Federalist opposition to the War of 1812

"It being desirable for the peace, concord, and harmony of the Union of these states to settle and adjust amicably all existing questions of controversy between them arising out of the institution of slavery upon a fair, equitable, and just basis .... "We are told now . .. that the Union is threatened with subversion and destruction ... If the Union is to be dissolved for any existing causes, it will be dissolved because slavery is interdicted or not allowed to be introduced into the ceded ten-itories, because slavery is threatened to be abolished in the District of Columbia , and because fugitive slaves are not returned ... to their masters .... "I am for staying within the Union and fighting for my rights." -Henry Clay, Resolution on the Compromise of 1850, 1850 Which of the following parts of the Compromise of 1850 was the most appealing to the South? A) Using popular sovereignty in new territories B) Admitting California as a free state C) Ending the slave trade in Washington, D.C. D) Passing a new Fugitive Slave Law

D) Passing a new Fugitive Slave Law

Prior to the French and Indian war the Native Americans were able to play the French and British Empires off of each other. In particular this allowed for the Iroquois Confederation to be neutral and reap the benefits of trading with both Empires. How did this change after the French and Indian War? A) The Iroquois were able to stay neutral following the war and traded with the French via the Mississippi River. B) The Iroquois were completely defeated during the French and Indian War and were never a power again. C) The Iroquois continued to fight the British following the war as they retained loyalty to the French. D) The Iroquois allied themselves with the British, but no longer received favorable trade deals and diplomatic gifts.

D) The Iroquois allied themselves with the British, but no longer received favorable trade deals and diplomatic gifts.

What was the main reason for the major decrease in the number of Europeans immigrating to the United States in the 1920s? A) There was widespread prosperity in Europe after the First World War. B) Most European countries passed laws forbidding immigration to the United States. C) Fear of political persecution after the Palmer raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case discouraged many Europeans from emigrating. D) The United States passed the National Origins Act. E) A significant increase in emigration from Latin America left fewer jobs for European immigrants.

D) The United States passed the National Origins Act.

Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina? A) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry B) The Dred Scott decision C) The Wilmot Proviso D) The election of 1860 E) The attack on Charles Sumner

D) The election of 1860

Which of the following most profoundly transformed the lives of slaves in the South in the mid-1700s? A) The reluctance of White slaveholders to move west and settle in the Ohio River valley B) The passage of gradual emancipation laws in the upper South C) The prevalence of slave rebellions on large plantations D) The growth of a native-born African American population E) The growing popularity of antislavery sentiment among White Americans

D) The growth of a native-born African American population

Mr. Wilson went out of his way to assure the delegates that it was not desirable to destroy the state governments. He said, "In all extensive empires a subdivision of power is necessary. Persia, Turkey, and Rome, under its emperors, are examples in point." - James Wilson on June 19th, 1787. What does Mr. Wilson mean with this comment? Pick the answer that BEST describes Mr. Wilson's quote. A) There will be an increase in state power under the new Constitution. B) The National Government will be supreme. C) The United States is fated to fail like Persia, Turkey, and Rome. D) There will be a partnership between state and national governments.

D) There will be a partnership between state and national governments.

"These at the heads of James and York rivers ... grew impatient at the many slaughters of their neighbors and rose for own defense , who choosing Mr. Bacon for their leader, sent oftentimes to the Governor , ... beseeching a commission to go against the Indians at their own charge; which His Honor as often promised, but did not send .... "During these protractions and people often slain, most or all the officers, civil and military, ... met and concerted together, the danger of going without a commission on the one part and the continual murders of their neighbors on the other part .... This day lapsing and no commission come, they marched into the wilderness in quest of these Indians , after whom the Governor sent his proclamation, denouncing all rebels who should not return within a limited day; whereupon those of estates obeyed. But Mr. Bacon , with fifty-seven men , proceeded . ... They fired and ... slew 150 Indians. " -Samuel Kercheval, Virginia author and lawyer, "On Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia," 1833 Based on the information in this excerpt, what is Samuel Kercheval's point of view toward Bacon and his followers? A) They were a primarily political movement that wanted Bacon to become governor B) They were allies of the governor who carried out actions that he supported C) They were dangerous men who threatened colonial stability and prosperity D) They were frustrated men who were taking action because the government did not

D) They were frustrated men who were taking action because the government did not

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s? A) They advocated complete social and political equality for all races in the United States. B) They favored continued importation of slaves from Africa. C) They advocated expansion of the slave system to provide cheap labor for northern factories. D) They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories. E) They were active supporters of complete abolition.

D) They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.

The Congress of Industrial Organizations was most interested in unionizing which of the following? A) Women clerical workers B) Sailors on American merchant ships C) White-collar factory managers D) Unskilled and semiskilled factory workers E) Migrant farmworkers

D) Unskilled and semiskilled factory workers

Which of the following emerged during the Progressive Era as the most influential advocate of full political, economic, and social equality for Black Americans? A) Booker T. Washington B) Ida B. Wells C) Langston Hughes D) W.E.B.DuBois E) Frederick Douglass

D) W.E.B.DuBois

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did all of the following EXCEPT A) establish a balance of power between the three branches of the national government B) create a strong central government that would not threaten the sovereignty of the states C) create a government that would be satisfactory to both large and small states D) determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights E) create a government that would be satisfactory to both slave and free states

D) determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did all of the following EXCEPT A) create a government that would be satisfactory to both slave and free states B) establish a balance of power between the three branches of the national government C) create a strong central government that would not threaten the sovereignty of the states D) determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights E) create a government that would be satisfactory to both large and small states

D) determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights

President George Washington's Farewell Address set a course for the nation by A) calling for strict term limits for federal officeholders B) endorsing the two-party system C) endorsing the economic policies of the Federalists D) discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations E) calling for the adoption of universal suffrage

D) discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations

The American home front in the Second World War is best described as A) politically divided over the wisdom of the American war effort B) rededicated to the reform efforts of the New Deal C) unaffected by ethnic and racial tensions D) economically invigorated by military spending E) demoralized by food shortages

D) economically invigorated by military spending

"I have not the least doubt that the Negroes will make very excellent soldiers with proper management.... I foresee that this project will have to combat much opposition from prejudice and self-interest. The contempt we have been taught to entertain for the black makes us fancy many things that are founded neither in reason nor experience; and an unwillingness to part with property of so valuable a kind will furnish a thousand arguments to show the impracticability of pernicious tendency of a scheme which requires such a sacrifice. But it should be considered that if we do not make use of them in this way, the enemy probably will...An essential part of the plan is to give them their freedom with their muskets." --Alexander Hamilton, "A Proposal to Arm and Then Free the Negroes," 1779 To encourage African Americans to fight, Hamilton suggested in the excerpt that they should be promised A) equal wages with white soldiers B) effective leadership from officers C) an end to prejudice D) emancipation from slavery

D) emancipation from slavery

President Herbert Hoover approached the task of caring for unemployed workers during the Great Depression by A) reactivating the dole B) relying on the services of federal welfare agencies C) enlarging the federal government's payroll D) emphasizing the importance of private charities E) asking large corporations to hire war veterans

D) emphasizing the importance of private charities

The Rosie the Riveter campaign during the Second World War encouraged women to A) vote in union elections B) sew military uniforms C) enlist in the armed forces D) enter the labor force E) join machinists' unions

D) enter the labor force

The LEAST prosperous group in the 1920s consisted of A) workers in service industries B) workers in newer industries like radio and automobiles C) skilled workers threatened by new laborsaving technologies D) farmers in the Midwest and the South E) workers in older industries like steel and railroads

D) farmers in the Midwest and the South

The Palmer raids of 1919 to 1920 were most closely related to the A) rise of racial unrest in the Midwest B) formation of the American Federation of Labor C) enforcement of child labor laws D) fear of communism and radicalism E) enforcement of prohibition

D) fear of communism and radicalism

The Palmer raids of 1919 to 1920 were most closely related to the A) enforcement of child labor laws B) formation of the American Federation of Labor C) rise of racial unrest in the Midwest D) fear of communism and radicalism E) enforcement of prohibition

D) fear of communism and radicalism

During the Second World War, Japanese Americans were relocated because of A) the fact that most Japanese Americans were not citizens B) the need for skilled workers in specialized industries in Utah and Montana C) previous laws that had incarcerated German Americans D) fear of possible subversive activity against the war effort E) the continued efforts by the United States military to stop immigration to California

D) fear of possible subversive activity against the war effort

During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed legislation promoting economic development concerning all of the following EXCEPT the A) establishment of a high tariff to protect American industry from foreign competition B) provision of government loans and land grants to private companies to construct a transcontinental railroad C) passage of the Homestead Act D) granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods E) organization of a national banking system to provide a uniform national currency

D) granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods

The flappers of the 1920's challenged traditional American attitudes about women by supporting A) an equal rights amendment B) gender equality in salaries C) a federal law to establish prenatal clinics in rural areas D) greater freedom in manner of dress and moral behavior E) a federal birth control and abortion rights protection law

D) greater freedom in manner of dress and moral behavior

By passing the Navigation Acts in the 1600s and 1700s, the British government intended to A) end colonial complaints about unjust taxation and regulation B) reduce shipping costs between Britain and its North American colonies C) create a source of income for British royal governors to use for improving colonial roads and canals D) guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports E) stimulate direct trade between British North American colonies and Spain and France

D) guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports

A major consequence of the French and Indian war of 1754-1763 was the A) shrinking of Spanish territorial claims in North America B) Legal settlement of the trans-Appalachian frontier by British Colonists C) removal of British troops from the thirteen colonies D) imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies E) change in status of the proprietary colonies to royal colonies

D) imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies

Free coinage of silver was intended to A) benefit people on fixed incomes. B) eliminate the gold standard C) benefit creditors D) increase the money supply

D) increase the money supply

The principle of popular sovereignty stated that A) whenever a new area was settled, all United States citizens were required to vote on the slave status of that area B) slavery would not be permitted in any area after 1848 C) the president, after meeting with public interest groups, was to decide on whether slaves would be allowed in a given territory D) settlers in the Western territories, not Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery in their territories

D) settlers in the Western territories, not Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery in their territories

The "new immigrants" who arrived in the United States after the Civil War were different from the"old immigrants" in that they A) came mostly from Latin American countries B) settled in rural areas in the Midwest where land was plentiful C) were better prepared than previous immigrants had been to face the challenges of urbanization D) spoke different languages and had different customs than most Americans and thus were not easily assimilated

D) spoke different languages and had different customs than most Americans and thus were not easily assimilated

Which of the following documents would be most useful in examining the origins of constitutional government in colonial America? A) newspaper commentary on the Halfway Covenant B) political tracts concerning the Dominion of New England C) the correspondence of Sir Edmond Andros D) the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut E) the sermons of Puritan ministers

D) the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Although Progressive Era reformers held different opinions about many issues of the day, they shared a belief in A) the creation of an organization to promote international peace B) an ideal society based on shared ownership through voluntary organizations rather than increasing government power C) the expanding role of the United States as an imperial power D) the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems E) the creation of a classless society

D) the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems

The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in A) Sherman's march to Atlanta B) Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in the South C) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry D) the draft riots in New York City E) Thoreau's denunciation of the war

D) the draft riots in New York City

lave labor was brought to the Western Hemisphere by colonists because A) Native Americans were unfamiliar with the tools and methods necessary to harvest sugarcane. B) Aztec and Inca leaders had already begun to import slaves even before Spanish explorers arrived. C) the region was lightly populated when the Spanish arrived. D) there was a lack of manpower to do the labor-intensive work of harvesting sugarcane.

D) there was a lack of manpower to do the labor-intensive work of harvesting sugarcane.

The Middle Passage A) was the stage of the triangular trade in which textiles were traded for raw materials B) was a benign campaign by the British to liberate exploited and undereducated Africans from their native countries C) was the stage of the triangular trade in which molasses was traded for rum D) was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as slaves E) was the search for a passage through North America to support English mercantilism

D) was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as slaves

The dissatisfaction of Virginia farmers with the colonial governor who failed to protect them against American Indian raids led to A) Shays' Rebellion B) Gabriel's Rebellion C) the Glorious Revolution D) Leisler's Rebellion E) Bacon's Rebellion

E) Bacon's Rebellion

During the Gilded Age, which of the following groups generally voted Republican? A) Roman Catholic immigrants B) Confederate war veterans C) Unskilled wage earners D) Southern Protestant farmers E) Black northerners

E) Black northerners

''In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." The statement above expressed the ideas of A) Ida B. Wells B) Theodore Roosevelt C) W. E. B. Du Bois D) Sojourner Truth E) Booker T. Washington

E) Booker T. Washington

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to respond with enthusiasm to the religious fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s? A) Itinerant preachers unable to find permanent parishes for themselves B)Landless sons in New England communities C) Presbyterians in the southern colonies D) Backwoods farmers isolated on the colonial frontier E) Establish merchants in cities like Boston and Philadelphia

E) Establish merchants in cities like Boston and Philadelphia

Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution? A) A major American military victory at Valley Forge B) The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action C) Support from the French Canadians D) The British failure to capture Philadelphia E) French military and financial assistance

E) French military and financial assistance

Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? A) The Netherlands B) Africa C) England D) The German states E) Ireland

E) Ireland

Which of the following was true of the first Great Awakening? A) It primarily affected church congregations in towns and cities. B) Cotton Mather was one of its most famous preachers. C) It was denounced by Jonathan Edwards. D) It was primarily a southern phenomenon. E) It resulted in divisions within both the Congregational and the Presbyterian churches.

E) It resulted in divisions within both the Congregational and the Presbyterian churches.

In the mid-18th century, all of the following were generally true about slavery in the British colonies EXCEPT A) There were more slaves than indentured servants in the southern colonies. B) Colonial laws gave slavery a permanent legal status. C) Planters thought it provided a more dependable labor supply than other options. D) Slaves accounted for about half the population of Virginia E) It was strongly opposed in New England.

E) It was strongly opposed in New England.

"The authors and promoters of this desperate conspiracy have...meant only to amuse, by vague expressions of attachment to the parent state, and the strongest protestations of loyalty to me, whilst they were preparing for a general revolt....The resolutions of Parliament breathed a spirit of moderation and forbearance; conciliatory propositions accompanies the measures taken to enforce authority....I have acted with the same temper, anxious to prevent, if it had been possible...the calamities which are inseparable from a state of war; still hoping that my people in America would have discerned the traitorous views of their leaders, and have been convinced, that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the known world." -King George III, Speech to Parliament, October 27th, 1775 Which of the following groups of individuals would have been most likely to agree with King George? (Hint: AMSCO is tricky with this one, don't let the 1776 movie convince you to pick a certain delegate who was against independence) A) Continentals B) Thomas Paine C) John Adams D) John Dickenson E) Loyalists

E) Loyalists

Late-nineteenth-century federal policies were detrimental to unskilled workers in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A) Federal troops intervened to end strikes. B) Deflationary monetary policy made repay- ment of debts difficult. C) Court injunctions favored employers during strikes. D) Immigration policy allowed cheap labor to compete for available jobs. E) The federal income tax took a considerable portion of workers' income.

E) The federal income tax took a considerable portion of workers' income.

The assembly-line production of Henry Ford's Model T automobile resulted in which of the following by the end of the 1920s? A) Construction of the federal interstate highway system B) The federal government's abandonment of research on air travel C) A sharp decrease in railroad passenger traffic D) The development of a large international market for American automobiles E) Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families

E) Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families

In 1840 the American Antislavery Society split into factions because A) most Americans rejected the goal of colonizing Black people B) its goals had been accomplished C) a new sentiment in Congress favoring abolitionism led to disagreement over the rights of former slaves D) the death of Elijah P. Lovejoy created a struggle for power within the organization E) William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members

E) William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members

Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by A) King James I, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping B) John Smith, seeking to spread Christianity C) three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain D) Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I E) a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors

E) a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors

The greatest achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederation was its establishment of A) a bicameral legislature B) a termination date for the international slave trade C) long-term sectional harmony D) general postwar prosperity E) a system for orderly settlement of the West

E) a system for orderly settlement of the West

Which of the following conditions in England motivated Puritans to migrate to New England in the 1630s? I. Political repression of dissident Protestants II. An economic recession III. Restrictions on Puritan religious practices A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and III E) all of the above

E) all of the above

The Quakers were unique among the religious groups that settled in North America during the seventeenth century because they A) defended the rights of White people to hold American Indians in slavery B) ounded a colony in which all inhabitants were obliged by law to subscribe to Quaker beliefs C) emphasized religious conversion through revival meetings D) emphasized the distance between the human and the divine E) allowed women to speak publicly in their religious meetings and to be missionaries

E) allowed women to speak publicly in their religious meetings and to be missionaries

"One by one the southern states have legally disfranchised the Afro-American, and since the repeal of the Civil Rights Bill nearly every southern state has passed separate [railroad] car laws with a penalty against their infringement. The race, regardless of advancement, is penned into filthy, stifling partitions cut off from smoking cars." The author of the statement above was A) a White southern Democrat in the 1930s B) an African American Civil Rights worker in the 1970s C) a White segregationist in the 1910s D) a Scalawag in the 1870s E) an African American journalist in the 1890s

E) an African American journalist in the 1890s

The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to A) legally establish the communal nature of American Indian landholding B) recognize and preserve the tribal cultures of American Indians C) restore to American Indians land seized unjustly D) remove all American Indians to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma) E) assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture

E) assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture

The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to A) provide a haven for Catholics B) drive out French colonists C) gain much-needed revenue D) encourage westward colonial migration E) avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians

E) avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians

During the American Revolution, many women contributed to the cause of independence by A) petitioning the Continental Congress to give women the vote B) forming Committees of Correspondence C) protecting Loyalists from mob violence D) serving in the Continental Army as soldiers E) collecting money, medicine, and food to supply the Continental Army

E) collecting money, medicine, and food to supply the Continental Army

D. W. Griffith's epic film The Birth of a Nation (1915) became controversial because of its A) sympathetic treatment of Germany in the years before the First World War B) celebration of American freedoms at a time of protest against radical groups C) celebration of America's cultural diversity D) portrayal of the Sons of Liberty as a radical mob E) depiction of Ku Klux Klan activities as heroic and commendable

E) depiction of Ku Klux Klan activities as heroic and commendable

Alexander Hamilton's financial program was most favorable to A) war veterans B) southern planters C) state bankers D) western farmers E) eastern merchants

E) eastern merchants

Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth was based on the belief that wealthy industrialists should use their wealth to A) create new businesses B) live in luxury C) pay workers better wages and benefits D) acquire additional landholdings in the West E) finance philanthropic endeavors

E) finance philanthropic endeavors

The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to A) defend Greece and Turkey from communist subversion B) create a strong military alliance between the United States and Western Europe C) strengthen the Chinese nationalists against the Chinese communists D) speed the economic recovery and democratization of Japan E) finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe

E) finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe

In the 1930's, the movement led by Dr. Francis Townsend contributed to congressional approval of a law A) protecting ethnic minorities from discrimination B) securing federal protection of labor union organizers C) providing larger federal subsidies to farmers D) insuring the bank deposits of consumers E) implementing a federal program of old-age benefits

E) implementing a federal program of old-age benefits

Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to A) declare war B) make treaties C) amend the Articles D) request troops from states E) levy taxes

E) levy taxes

An underlying cause of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was A) the implementation of free-trade policies after the First World War B) excessive government control of business and industry C) withdrawal of foreign investments from the United States D) the budget deficit incurred after the First World War E) overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors

E) overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors

All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the A) proposal of the Ostend Manifesto B) imposition of a gag rule in the House of Representatives C) decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case D) enforcement of a new fugitive slave law E) passage of the Wilmot Proviso

E) passage of the Wilmot Proviso

The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the A) number of African Americans who could vote B) number of adult women who could vote C) number of American Indians allowed citizenship D) proportion of states permitted to practice slavery E) rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation

E) rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification the Constitution only after A) several slave revolts rocked the Carolinas and Virginia B) they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification C) they were assured that the Supreme Court would have the power of judicial review D) the other states threatened to organize the government without them E) slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference

E) slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference CHECK!! Southern States signed the Constitution guaranteed the right to hold slaves, so E makes the most sense. John Adams does not want slavery, but Thomas Jefferson reminds him that they've worked so hard to get this far and take up the slavery battle later, once America becomes an independent country from Great Britain. D sounds like it is the second best answer, but more reasoning and justification needs to be added to support it.

All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT A) the Progressive belief in social reform B) the continued efforts of the Anti-Saloon League C) the fervor of the First World War lending patriotism to the cause of prohibition D) the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws E) the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

E) the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was A) the fact that most married women worked outside the home to provide income for their families B) the fact that almost all middle-class men attended graduate and professional schools C) its members' support for ending legal immigration from eastern Europe D) its members' tendency to be tolerant of religious diversity E) the separation of economic production from the home and family life

E) the separation of economic production from the home and family life

At the end of the nineteenth century, the desire of American business to control supplies of raw materials led to A) automation of industry B) development of the factory system C) development of the putting-out system D) horizontal integration E) vertical integration

E) vertical integration

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? A) For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. B) For most of the war, they were led by African American officers. C) They were limited to noncombat duty. D) They were barred from receiving awards for valor in combat. E) They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi.

A) For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

The major goal of the Social Gospel movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to A) draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor B) promote the spread of Protestantism in United States territorial possessions C) send missionaries to convert American Indians to Protestantism D) stimulate public interest in the principles of Anglo-Saxon superiority E) encourage support for Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution

A) draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor

Marcus Garvey's prominence during the 1920s arose from his A) emphasis on the importance of Black pride and Black nationalism B) establishment of a political party focusing on civil rights issues C) financial and literary contributions to the Harlem Renaissance D) development of a national network of Black-owned businesses E) service as an unofficial adviser to Presidents and cabinet members

A) emphasis on the importance of Black pride and Black nationalism

President Herbert Hoover approached the task of caring for unemployed workers during the Great Depression by A) emphasizing the importance of private charities B) asking large corporations to hire war veterans C) reactivating the dole D) relying on the services of federal welfare agencies E) enlarging the federal government's payroll

A) emphasizing the importance of private charities

In an influential 1947 article, diplomat George F. Kennan advocated that the United States should A) focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism B) adopt a more conciliatory policy toward the Soviet Union C) grant most-favored-nation status to China D) conduct covert activities in underdeveloped countries to undermine communist movements E) invade the Soviet Union to establish democracy

A) focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism

An overview of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era inevitably narrows to three major movements: A) industrialization, immigration, and urbanization. B) industrialization, civil rights and urbanization C) immigration, civil rights and urbanization D) civil rights, industrialization and immigration

A) industrialization, immigration, and urbanization.

"If, then education be of admitted importance to the people, under all forms of government, and of unquestioned necessity when they govern themselves, it follows , of course , that its cultivation and diffusion is a matter of public concern and a duty which every government owes to its people .... "Many complain of this tax, not so much on account of its amount as because it is for the benefit of others and not themselves. This is a mistake ; it is for their own benefit, inasmuch as it perpetuates the government. ... "He who would oppose it, either through inability to comprehend the advantages of general education, or from unwillingness to bestow them on all his fellow citizens, even to the lowest and the poorest, or from dread of popular vengeance, seems to me to want either the head of the philosopher , the heart of the philanthropist , or the nerve of the hero." -Representative Thaddeus Stevens, Speech to the Pennsylvania Legislature , 1835 Stevens disagrees with those who oppose free public education because A) it will result in increased taxes B) it is an example of government control C) schools are under Protestant influences D) schools lack qualified teachers

A) it will result in increased taxes

In the late nineteenth century, political machines such as Tammany Hall were successful primarily because A) machine politicians provided needed jobs and services to naturalized citizens in return for their votes B) they operated primarily in rural areas, where the government could not monitor their activities C) they focused on accomplishing only a narrow set of human rights objectives D) they championed the suffragettes and received their support in return

A) machine politicians provided needed jobs and services to naturalized citizens in return for their votes

All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the A) massive exodus of former slaves from the South B) outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis C) enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures D) response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment E) election of former Confederates to Congress

A) massive exodus of former slaves from the South

An underlying cause of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was A) overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors B) withdrawal of foreign investments from the United States C) the budget deficit incurred after the First World War D) the implementation of free-trade policies after the First World War E) excessive government control of business and industry

A) overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the A) passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act B) legislation permitted the surveying of a southern transcontinental railway line C) admittance of Texas as a slave state D) admittance of Missouri as a slave state and the establishment of the 36°30' line E) measure's endorsement of popular sovereignty

A) passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

The era from the end of the Civil War to the out- break of the First World War was characterized by A) periodic economic panic and depression B) a sluggish economy except during times of mobilization for war C) persistent inflation because of the influx of gold and silver into the economy D) the emergence of large federal deficits E) uninterrupted economic growth

A) periodic economic panic and depression

One reason early twentieth century muckrakers were able to have a significant impact on society was because A) sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased B) they had the sympathy and support of industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller C) radio programs devoted to the problems in cities attracted wide listening audiences D) drought conditions in the Midwest drew attention to social problems E) most citizens of the United States were already convinced that Jim Crow laws must be overturned

A) sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification the Constitution only after A) slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference B) the other states threatened to organize the government without them C) they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification D) several slave revolts rocked the Carolinas and Virginia E) they were assured that the Supreme Court would have the power of judicial review

A) slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference

"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep.... The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." --George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that A) slaves lived better than northern factory workers B) industrialists took care of their workers' welfare C) the South needed to change to survive D) capitalism was the economic system most likely to generate wealth and happiness for the most people E) slavery was immoral

A) slaves lived better than northern factory workers

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of A) states' rights B) freedom of speech C) the institution of slavery D) freedom of the seas E) presidential power in foreign affairs

A) states' rights

The Republican Presidents of the 1920's favored A) tax cuts for wealthy Americans B) stringent federal regulation of American business C) forgiveness of European war debts from the First World War D) reduced American tariffs on foreign imports E) membership in the League of Nations

A) tax cuts for wealthy Americans

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established A) that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude B) federal protection for African Americans from Ku Klux Klan terrorism C) the freedom of all slaves not emancipated under Abraham Lincoln's proclamation D) the right of citizenship for any person born in the United States E) the power of the federal government to intervene in state affairs to protect individual liberties

A) that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT A) the abolition of slavery throughout the United States B) government subsidies for a transcontinental railroad C) free western land for settlers who would live and work on it D) higher protective tariffs E) the exclusion of slavery from United States territorial possessions

A) the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for A) the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War B) the abolition of the international slave trade C) the primacy of federal law over state-legislated Black Codes D) federal return of fugitive slaves E) the prohibition of slavery in Louisiana Purchase territory

A) the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

The scalawags were A) white Southerners who supported Republican policies during Reconstruction B) advocates of civil rights for the newly freed slaves C) Northern politicians who traveled to the South after the Civil War to exploit the political and economic instability for their own personal gain D) another name for the Redeemers, who refused to accept the fact that the South had lost the Civil WarSupreme Court ultimately had to step in and decide the election

A) white Southerners who supported Republican policies during Reconstruction

After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that A) women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic B) voting would soon become a privilege granted to educated and/or married women C) the first duty of mothers was to serve the needs of government D) women's virtues had been the inspiration for the ideals of the Revolution E) wives and mothers would be welcome in the emerging political parties

A) women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic

During the 1930's, the Great Depression led to A) the nationalization of major industries B) a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work C) a decrease in labor union membership D) the strengthening of the family unit and a higher birth rate E) a decline in highway construction

B) a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work

Which of the following was not one of the examples of moments economic, social and religious change highlighted in Gary B. Nash's "The Transformation of European Society"? A) A growing fear of immigrants from Slavic and Eastern Europe, which would drive "economic ruin" into a growing and promising economy. B) The Great Awakening, which was a "cultural crisis". C) Great economic and population grown and an emphasis on aggressive individualism. D) A shattering of the "utopian dream" that communities should consist of people who work for the common good.

A) A growing fear of immigrants from Slavic and Eastern Europe, which would drive "economic ruin" into a growing and promising economy.

In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700's? A) All the colonies B) The middle and southern colonies only C) The tobacco- and rice-growing colonies only D) All the colonies except Pennsylvania and the New England colonies E) The southern colonies only

A) All the colonies

"For a nation thus abused to arise unanimously and to resist their prince, even to dethroning him, is not criminal but a reasonable way of vindicating their liberties and just rights ; it is making use of the means , and the only means, which God has put into their -power for mutual and self-defense .... "To conclude , let us all learn to be free and to be loyal. . . . But let us remember . .. government is sacred and not to be trifled with. It is our happiness to live under the government of a prince who is satisfied with ruling according to law ... . Let us prize our freedom but not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness. There are men who strike at liberty under the term licentiousness. There are others who aim at popularity under the disguise of patriotism. Be aware of both. Extremes are dangerous." -Jonathan Mayhew, church minister, "On Unlimited Submission to Rulers," 1750 Mathew would probably apply his warning, "not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness" to A) Bacon's Rebellion B) the Mayflower Compact C) the Zenger case D) the Act of Toleration

A) Bacon's Rebellion

"We drift fast toward war with England, but I think we shall not reach that point. The shopkeepers who own England want to do us all harm they can and to give all possible aid and comfort to our slave-breeding and woman -flogging adversary, for England has degenerated into a trader, manufacturer, and banker, and has lost all the instincts and sympathies that her name still suggests ... She cannot ally herself with slavery, as she incline s to do, without closing a profitable market , exposing her commerce to [Yankee] privateers, and diminishing the supply of [Northern] breadstuffs on which her operatives depend for life. On the other side, however, is the consideration that by allowing piratical Alabamas to be built, armed, and manned in her ports to prey on our commerce, she is making a great deal of money." -George Templeton Strong, New York lawyer, Diary, 1863 The Union was most disturbed because they believed that Britain was supporting the Confederate s by doing which of the following? A) Building warships B) Loaning money C) Purchasing cotton D) Supplying food

A) Building warships

"Be it therefore ordered and enacted .... That whatsoever person or persons within this Province . .. shall henceforth blaspheme God, that is, curse Him or shall deny our Savior Jesus Christ to be the Son of God, or shall deny the Holy Trinity ... or the Godhead of any of the said Three persons of the Trinity or the Unity of the Godhead ... shall be punished with death and confiscation or forfeiture of all his or her lands .... And whereas ... that no person or persons whatsoever within this province, or the islands, ports, harbors, creeks, or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be any way troubled , molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in free exercise thereof within this province or the islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent." -The Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649 Which of the following best summarizes the attitude toward religious beliefs expressed in this document? A) Christian s should be able to practice their faith without fear of persecution B) All individuals should be free to believe or not believe in God as they wished C) Religion was a personal matter that the government should not try to influence D) The colony should be reserved for the one specific type of Christianity approved by the local government officials

A) Christian s should be able to practice their faith without fear of persecution

The works of which of the following were integral to the Harlem Renaissance? A) Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes B) William Faulkner, Gertrude Stein, and F. Scott Fitzgerald C) Jack Kerouac, Willem de Kooning, and Jackson Pollock D) Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, and Joyce Carol Oates E) Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, and James Baldwin

A) Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes

The first massive migration of Black Americans from the South occurred during which of the following periods? A) During and immediately after the First World War B) Immediately following the Civil War C) During the civil rights movement of the 1960's D) During the Great Depression E) In the decade after the Second World War

A) During and immediately after the First World War

"It is not denied that there are implied as well as express powers, and that the former are as effectually delegated as the latter. It is conceded that implied powers are to be considered as delegated equally with express ones. Then it follows, that as a power of erecting a corporation [such as a bank] may as well be implied as any other thing, it may as well be employed as an instrument or means of carrying into execution any of the specified powers...but one may be erected in relation to the trade with foreign countries, or to the trade between States...because it is the province of the federal government to regulate those objects, and because it is incident to a general sovereign or legislative power to regulate a thing, to employ all the means which relate to its regulation to the best and greatest advantage." -- Alexander Hamilton, Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States Hamilton's constitutional argument was based on which of the following types of power? A) Implied B) Expressed C) Employed D) Regulated

A) Implied

Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is correct? A) It built dams that made rural electrification possible. B) It was a state-sponsored agency established to restore eroded soil. C) It built interstate highways in the upper South. D) It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. E) It provided land for immigrants who wanted to become farmers.

A) It built dams that made rural electrification possible.

How was the Declaratory Act a cause of the Boston Tea Party? A) It provoked the Sons of Liberty to contest Parliament's ability to tax the colonies. B) It declared American Independence. C) It declared that the Sons of Liberty would not pay tea taxes. D) It provoked Native Americans to throw tea into Boston Harbor.

A) It provoked the Sons of Liberty to contest Parliament's ability to tax the colonies.

"The only force which is strong enough to break down social convention is economic necessity .... The economic necessity which has forced women out of the home and into the world of business has completely annihilated the old idea that a woman should eat only in the privacy of her household or in the homes of her friends, has created the absolutely new social phenomenon of women eating in public, unescorted by men, by the tens of thousands, and has given rise to a wholly new phase of the restaurant business." -The New York Times, October 15, 1905 Which of the following groups would have most likely supported the scenario described in this passage? A) National Woman Suffrage Association B) Southern Christian Leadership Conference C) Ku Klux Klan D) American Temperance Union

A) National Woman Suffrage Association

"The authors and promoters of this desperate conspiracy have...meant only to amuse, by vague expressions of attachment to the parent state, and the strongest protestations of loyalty to me, whilst they were preparing for a general revolt....The resolutions of Parliament breathed a spirit of moderation and forbearance; conciliatory propositions accompanies the measures taken to enforce authority....I have acted with the same temper, anxious to prevent, if it had been possible...the calamities which are inseparable from a state of war; still hoping that my people in America would have discerned the traitorous views of their leaders, and have been convinced, that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the known world." -King George III, Speech to Parliament, October 27th, 1775 According to the excerpt, which of the following does King George hold primarily responsible for the American revolt? A) The "traitorous views" of some colonial leaders B) The "conciliator-lee propositions" made in the Declaration of Independence. C) The "desperate conspiracy" by some members of Parliament D) The "spirit of moderation" of some of Parliament's resolutions E) The "expressions of attachment" by some colonial leaders

A) The "traitorous views" of some colonial leaders

What was the main reason for the major decrease in the number of Europeans immigrating to the United States in the 1920s? A) The United States passed the National Origins Act. B) A significant increase in emigration from Latin America left fewer jobs for European immigrants. C) Fear of political persecution after the Palmer raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case discouraged many Europeans from emigrating. D) There was widespread prosperity in Europe after the First World War. E) Most European countries passed laws forbidding immigration to the United States.

A) The United States passed the National Origins Act.

Which of the following statements about Supreme Court decisions during the latter part of the nineteenth century is most accurate? A) They reduced federal power over the states by narrowly defining the applicability of the Constitution to state law. B) They cleared the way for the liberal reforms of the twentieth century by broadly interpreting constitutional guarantees of individual rights. C) They used the Fourteenth Amendment to create numerous environmental regulations and human rights, stifling American business growth. D) They had little practical effect because the executive branch consistently refused to enforce the Court's rulings.

A) They reduced federal power over the states by narrowly defining the applicability of the Constitution to state law.

"[Lawyer for the prosecution:] Gentlemen of the jury; the information now before the Court, and to which the Defendant Zenger has pleaded not guilty, is an inform ation for printing and publishing a false , scandalou s, and seditious libel, in which His Excellency the Governor of this Province ... is greatly and unjustly scanda lized as a person that has no regard to law nor ju stice .... Indeed Sir, as Mr. Hamilton [Zenger 's attorney] has confessed the printing and publishing these libels, I think the jury must find a verdict for the King; for supposing they were true, the law says that they are not the less libelous for that ; nay, indeed the law says their being true is an aggravation of the crime. "[Mr. Hamilton:] Not so .. . I hope it is not our bare printing and publi shing a paper that will make it libel. You will have something more to do before you make my client a libeler; for the words themselve s must be libelous , that is false ... or else we are not guilty." -James Alexander , lawyer for J. Peter Zenger, The Trial of John Peter Zenger, 1736 Which of the following was a long-term effect of the jury's decision in the Zenger case? A) The colonial press became more willing to criticize the British B) Zinger became a colonial leader C) Restrictions on the press increased D) New York became the center of anti-British sentiments

A) The colonial press became more willing to criticize the British

Which of the following contributed most significantly to a surge in western settlement during the 1860s and 1870s? A) The expansion of railroads made the Great Plains more accessible. B) A strong military eliminated attacks by Native Americans. C) Dry seasons turned fertile land to semidesert and made real estate inexpensive. D) The novels of romantics like Hamlin Garland glorified western life. E) Government funding for irrigation projects made farms more profitable.

A) The expansion of railroads made the Great Plains more accessible.

Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense attacked which of the following? A) The king of England and the principle of monarchy B) Parliament for its continued opposition to the king of England C) The authors of the Declaration of Independence D) Politicians who believed a small island could not effectively rule a distant continent E) France for its failure to support the colonial war effort

A) The king of England and the principle of monarchy

Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's? A) The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law B) The admission of California as a free state C) The ban on the slave trade in the District of Columbia D) The establishment of the principle of popular sovereignty in the Mexican cession E) The continued protection of slavery in the District of Columbia

A) The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

All of the following statements about higher educa- tion in the United States from 1865 to 1917 are correct EXCEPT: A) The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions. B) An increasing number of institutions of higher education admitted women. C) Graduate education based on the German model became widespread. D) Many new scientific and engineering institutions were established. E) Many states established new institutions under the provisions of the Morrill Act.

A) The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions.

All of the following statements about higher education in the United States from 1865 to 1917 are correct EXCEPT: A) The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions. B) Graduate education based on the German model became widespread. C) Many new scientific and engineering institutions were established. D) An increasing number of institutions of higher education admitted women. E) Many states established new institutions under the provisions of the Morrill Act.

A) The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions.

"Unlike those who call themselves no-government men, I ask for, not ... no government, but ... a better government. ... "It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law so much as for the right. The only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think right. .. . "There are thousands who are in opinion opposed to slavery and to the war [with Mexico] who yet in effect do nothing to put an end to them .... "Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison ... If the alternative is to keep all just men in prison or give up war and slavery, the state will not hesitate which to choose. If a thousand men were not to pay their tax bills this year, that would not be a violent and bloody measure ... This is ... the definition of a peaceable revolution." -Henry David Thoreau, lecturer and author, "Resistance to Civil Government," (Civil Disobedience), 1849 Which of the following groups held views most similar to the ideas expressed in this excerpt? A) Transcendentalists B) Revivalists C) Phalanxes D) Millennialists

A) Transcendentalists

On July 21st the Convention for a third time refused to approve today a fusion of veto power of the national Judiciary and Executive as a means to checkmate power of the Legislature. However in a unanimous vote, the Convention approved the power of an Executive Veto. How can a veto be overturned? A) Two-thirds vote in the House and Senate B) One-half vote in the House C) Three-quarters vote in the House and Senate D) Three-quarters vote in the Senate

A) Two-thirds vote in the House and Senate

The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson did which of the following? A) Upheld segregated railroad facilities. B) Upheld literacy testing as a condition of voting in federal elections. C) Outlawed segregation in public schools. D) Declared civil rights legislation unconstitutional. E) Restricted the right to purchase or sell land.

A) Upheld segregated railroad facilities. CHECK!!

"Let Southern oppressors tremble . . . . I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement . . . . I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice." The author of the statement above was A) William L. Garrison B) Henry Clay C) Abraham Lincoln D) John C. Calhoun E) Stephen A. Douglas

A) William L. Garrison

The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was A) an expansion of credit and speculation B) the establishment of modern banking regulations C) the creation of the "independent treasury" D) the creation of a federal deficit E) the failure of state banks

A) an expansion of credit and speculation

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, American agriculture was characterized by A) an increase in acres under cultivation B) a decline in foreclosures on midwestern farms C) an increase in wholesale prices for farm products D) a decline in the number of tenant farmers E) a decline in the number of farm cooperatives

A) an increase in acres under cultivation

All of the following have been cited as reasons for the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 EXCEPT the need to A) block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States B) keep the Soviet Union out of the war against Japan C) demonstrate American superiority in weaponry to the Soviet Union D) save American lives E) force the unconditional surrender of Japan

A) block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States

In 1890 the most important source of revenue for the federal government was A) customs duties B) income taxes C) inheritance taxes D) sales taxes E) liquor taxes

A) customs duties

The most important factor in Andrew Jackson's successful bid for the presidency in 1828 was his A) commitment to broad-based social reform B) reputation as a hero of the War of 1812 C) extensive experience in elective office D) choice of John C. Calhoun as his running mate E) reputation as an intellectual thinker and writer

B) reputation as a hero of the War of 1812

"And upon full and careful consideration ... Dred Scott was not a citizen of Missouri within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States and not entitled as such to sue in its courts .. .. "Upon these considerations it is the opinion of the court that the act of Congress which prohibited a citizen from holding and owning property of this kind in the territory of the United States north of the line therein mentioned is not warranted by the Constitution and is therefore void .... "That it is now firmly settled by the decision s of the highest court in the state that Scott and his family, upon their return, were not free, but were, by the laws of Missouri, the property of the defendant; and that the Circuit Court of the United States has no ju risdiction when by the laws of the state, the plaintiff was a slave and not a citizen." -Roger B. Taney, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 Chief Justice Taney's basic ruling in the Dred Scott case was based on which of the following principles? A) Since slaves did not pay taxes, they had no legal rights B) Since slaves were property, they could not sue C) Since Congre ss could not define slavery, it could not regulate it D) Since Scott had returned to a slave state, he was still a slave

B) Since slaves were property, they could not sue

The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following? A) Protected the civil and political rights of women. B) Strengthened the position of big business. C) Protected the civil and political rights of African Americans. D) Strengthened the position of organized labor. E) Strengthened the regulatory powers of the federal government.

B) Strengthened the position of big business.

Which of the following happened as a result of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676? A) Virginia passed new laws protecting workers' rights. B) Tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed. C) Indentured servants received additional free land after fulfilling their terms of service. D) Governor William Berkeley abolished Virginia's House of Burgesses. E) The king allowed Virginia colonists to select their own governor.

B) Tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed.

"Where, where was the heroic determination of the executive to vindicate our title to the whole of Oregon-yes sir, 'THE WHOLE OR NONE'[?] ... It has been openly avowed ... that Oregon and Texas were born and cradled together in the Baltimore Convention; that they were the twin offspring of that political conclave; and in that avowal may be found the whole explanation of the difficulties and dangers with which the question is now attended ... . I maintain "1. That this question ... is .... one for negotiations, compromise, and amicable adjustment. "2. That satisfactory evidence has not yet been afforded that no compromise which the United States ought to accept can be effected. "3. That, if no other mode of amicable settlement remains , arbitration ought to be resorted to .... " -Robert C. Winthrop, speech to the House of Representatives, "Arbitration of the Oregon Question," January 3, 1846 Which of the following served as a major cause of the war with Mexico? A) The Monroe Doctrine B) The annexation of Texas C) The election of 1844 D) The Louisiana Purchase

B) The annexation of Texas

City bosses and urban political machines in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following? A) They encouraged racial integration of residential neighborhoods. B) They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support. C) They enabled the urban middle class to participate more effectively in politics. D) They discouraged railroad and highway construction to prevent people from moving out of urban areas. E) They promoted prohibition and the abolition of prostitution.

B) They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support.

The assembly-line production of Henry Ford's Model T automobile resulted in which of the following by the end of the 1920s? A) A sharp decrease in railroad passenger traffic B) Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families C) The development of a large international market for American automobiles D) Construction of the federal interstate highway system E) The federal government's abandonment of research on air travel

B) Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families

"At home the people are the sovereign power ... the industrial classes are the true sovereigns. Idleness is a condition so unrecognized and unrespected with us that the few professing it find themselves immediately thrown out of the great machine of active life which constitutes American society. "The CULTIVATORS OF THE SOIL constitute the great industrial class in this country ... for, at this moment , they do not only feed all other classes but also no insignificant portion of needy Europe , furnish the raw material for manufactures, and raise the great staples which figure so largely in the accounts of the merchants , the shipowner and manufacturer, in every village, town, and seaport in the Union ... "The system of railroads and cheap transportation already begins to supply the seaboard cities with some fair and beautiful fruits of the fertile West." -A. J. Downing , landscape architect, "In Praise of Farming, " 1848 The crop that best fits Downing's description as one of the "great staples" in mid-19th century America was A) sugar B) cotton C) corn D) tobacco

B) cotton

"We have witnessed for more than a quarter of a century the struggles of the two great political parties for power and plunder, while grievous wrongs have been inflicted upon the suffering people. We charge that the controlling influences dominating both these parties have permitted the existing dreadful conditions to develop without serious effort to prevent or restrain them. Neither do they now promise us any substantial reform. They have agreed together to ignore, in the coming campaign, every issue but one. They propose to drown the outcries of a plundered people with the uproar of a sham battle over the tariff, so that capitalists, corporations, national banks, rings, trusts, watered stock, the demonetization of silver and the oppressions of the usurers may all be lost sight of. They propose to sacrifice our homes, lives, and children on the altar of mammon; to destroy the multitude in order to secure corruption funds from the millionaires. "Assembled on the anniversary of the birthday of the nation, and filled with the spirit of the grand general and chief who established our independence, we seek to restore the government of the Republic to the hands of 'the plain people,' with which class it originated. We assert our purposes to be identical with the purposes of the National Constitution; to form a more perfect union and establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity." Populist Party Platform, 1892 The "free silver" campaign of 1896 received its greatest popular support from A) Southern women, who incorporated it into a larger campaign for economic equality B) farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens C) bankers, who had run out of paper currency to invest D) New England businessmen, who were discriminated against under the existing banking system

B) farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens

The purpose of the immigration restriction acts passed in the 1920s was to A) deny citizenship to immigrants from Asia and Africa B) favor northern and western European immigration C) favor southern and eastern European immigration D) exclude Chinese immigration for a period of ten years E) limit immigration from Canada and Mexico

B) favor northern and western European immigration

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it A) represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory B) forestalled the possibility of European intervention C) resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy D) confirmed George McClellan's status as the leading Union general E) marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army

B) forestalled the possibility of European intervention

A major consequence of the French and Indian War of 1754-1763 was the A) legal settlement of the trans-Appalachian frontier by British colonists B) imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies C) removal of British troops from the thirteen colonies D) shrinking of Spanish territorial claims in North America E) change in status of the proprietary colonies to royal colonies

B) imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies

President Theodore Roosevelt addressed all of the following issues during his presidency EXCEPT A) unsafe drug products B) insider trading on the stock market C) monopolization and consolidation in the railroad industry D) unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry E) railroad freight rates

B) insider trading on the stock market

The United States went to war in 1812 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to A) appease members of Congress who advocated war B) prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory C) end British claims for repayment of Loyalist debt D) stop the British from searching and seizing American ships E) deal with conflicts between settlers and American Indians in the Northwest Territory

B) prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory

The purpose of the Lend-Lease Act was to A) provide subsidies to railroads and businesses B) provide military supplies to the Allies C) lend money to impoverished farmers D) exchange scientific information among nations E) create military bases outside the borders of the United States

B) provide military supplies to the Allies

"To be sure, much of progressivism was exclusionary. Yet we can now recognize not a singular political persuasion, but rather a truly plural set of progressivisms, with workers, African Americans, women, and even Native Americans-along with a diverse and contentious set of middling folk-taking up the language and ideas of what was once conceived of as an almost entirely white, male, middle-class movement. As for the dreams of democracy from the period: despite the frequent blindness of those who embodied them, they remain bold, diverse, and daring. It is for this reason that democratic political theorists ... have looked so longingly at the active citizenship of the Progressive Era, seeking ways to rekindle the democratic impulses of a century ago." -Robert D. Johnston, historian, "The Possibilities of Politics ," 2011 Which of the following would most directly support the argument that Progressives were "exclusionary"? A) Women's movements were sidelined by male-dominated governments B) Rural agrarian reformers played little role in the movement C) Progressives did little to end the segregation of African Americans D) Most Progressive wanted to keep immigrants and laborers from voting

C) Progressives did little to end the segregation of African Americans

Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era? A) Her legal rights over her children were the same as those of her husband. B) She was the prime beneficiary by law of her husband's estate. C) She generally lost control of her property when she married. D) She would be sentenced to debtors' prison for debts incurred by her husband. E) She could vote as her husband's proxy in elections.

C) She generally lost control of her property when she married.

"Another marked characteristic of the Anglo- Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries." A) scientific managers B) transcendentalists C) Social Darwinists D) Mugwumps E) Populists

C) Social Darwinists

In his Atlanta Compromise speech, Booker T. Washington called for which of the following? A) An end to racial segregation B) Racial integration of religious organizations C) Support for African American self-help D) African American voting rights E) Educational equality for African Americans

C) Support for African American self-help

"One-half of the people of this nation today are utterly powerless to blot from the statute books an unjust law, or to write there a new and a just one. The women, dissatisfied as they are with this form of government, that enforces taxation without representation,-that compels them to obey laws to which they have never given their consent,-that imprisons and hangs them without a trial by a jury of their peers, that robs them, in marriage, of the custody of their own persons, wages and children,-are this half of the people left wholly at the mercy of the other half, in direct violation of the spirit and letter of the declarations of the framers of this government, every one of which was based on the immutable principle of equal rights to all." -Susan B. Anthony, "I Stand Before You Under Indictment " (speech), 1873 Susan B. Anthony and others in the women's rights movement had a major influence on the ratification of which of the following? A) The Twenty-sixth Amendment B) The Fifteenth Amendment. C) The Nineteenth Amendment. D) The Equal Rights Amendment.

C) The Nineteenth Amendment.

Which of the following conflicts resulted in the successful expulsion of Europeans from the upper Rio Grande region of North America for nearly a decade? A) Pontiac's Rebellion B) The Pequot War C) The Pueblo Revolt D) The Battle of Fallen Timbers E) King Philip's War

C) The Pueblo Revolt

"We have witnessed for more than a quarter of a century the struggles of the two great political parties for power and plunder, while grievous wrongs have been inflicted upon the suffering people. We charge that the controlling influences dominating both these parties have permitted the existing dreadful conditions to develop without serious effort to prevent or restrain them. Neither do they now promise us any substantial reform. They have agreed together to ignore, in the coming campaign, every issue but one. They propose to drown the outcries of a plundered people with the uproar of a sham battle over the tariff, so that capitalists, corporations, national banks, rings, trusts, watered stock, the demonetization of silver and the oppressions of the usurers may all be lost sight of. They propose to sacrifice our homes, lives, and children on the altar of mammon; to destroy the multitude in order to secure corruption funds from the millionaires. "Assembled on the anniversary of the birthday of the nation, and filled with the spirit of the grand general and chief who established our independence, we seek to restore the government of the Republic to the hands of 'the plain people,' with which class it originated. We assert our purposes to be identical with the purposes of the National Constitution; to form a more perfect union and establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity." Populist Party Platform, 1892 Which of the following was most directly a cause of the success of the Populist party? A) Western farmers resisted the mechanization of agriculture and resented government interference in rural affairs. B) Western farmers and ranchers favored conservation and organized to promote the National Parks system. C) The growth of corporate power and banking interests inspired rural activists to lobby for political reform. D) After the Civil War, westward migration slowed, causing a long-term recession in many Western territories.

C) The growth of corporate power and banking interests inspired rural activists to lobby for political reform.

Which of the following had integration rather than Black separatism as a goal? A) Stokely Carmichael and the Black Power movement B) Elijah Muhammad and the Black Muslim movement C) W. E. B. Du Bois and the Niagara movement D) Marcus Garvey and the Back-to-Africa movement E) Huey Newton and the Black Panther movement

C) W. E. B. Du Bois and the Niagara movement

"On the first of February, we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this it is our intention to keep neutral the United States of America. "If this attempt is not successful we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: that we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give financial support , and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. The details are left for your settlement." -Arthur Zimmermann, German Foreign Minister, January 19, 1917 The issue of freedom of the seas in World War I most closely resembles the cause of which of the following conflicts? A) Spanish-American War of 1898 B) Mexican War of 1846 C) War of 1812 D) The American Civil War

C) War of 1812

When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that called for A) American trade with Europe on a cash-and-carry basis only B) immediate American aid to the Allied powers C) acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas D) strict prohibition of American travel on the ships of belligerents E) a strict embargo on trade with all warring nations

C) acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas

"Now , therefore , I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as commander in chief ... and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion do ... order and designate as the states and parts of states wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following ... "I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated states and parts of states are, and henceforward shall be, free .... "And I further declare ... that such person s of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States ... "And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice , warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity." -Abraham Lincoln, The Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 President Lincoln delayed issuing an Emancipation Proclamation because of his concern that it would A) free slaves before they were ready B) decrease power of the cotton industry C) cause the border states to secede D) increase foreign support for the Confederacy

C) cause the border states to secede

A key purpose of Henry Clay's American System was to A) expand slavery into new territories to preserve its economic viability B) remove American Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River to prevent further conflicts C) develop a national economy by improving transportation D) improve diplomatic relations with European nations by allowing free immigration E) create more interest in politics by eliminating voting restrictions

C) develop a national economy by improving transportation

President George Washington's Farewell Address set a course for the nation by A) calling for the adoption of universal suffrage B) endorsing the two-party system C) discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations D) endorsing the economic policies of the Federalists E) calling for strict term limits for federal officeholders

C) discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations

In the period 1650-1750, all of the following contributed to British North American colonists' sense of identity as British subjects EXCEPT the A) increased circulation of London newspaper articles reprinted in the colonies B) growth of commerce across the Atlantic Ocean C) expansion of the colonies into western frontier regions D) availability of British manufactured goods in the colonies E) warfare against the French and their American Indian allies

C) expansion of the colonies into western frontier regions

President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he A) could find no support within his own party for admitting Texas B) acknowledged the legitimacy of the Mexican government's claim to Texas C) feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery D) believed that admitting Texas would violate international law E) was ideologically opposed to territorial expansion

C) feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery

"It being desirable for the peace, concord, and harmony of the Union of these states to settle and adjust amicably all existing questions of controversy between them arising out of the institution of slavery upon a fair, equitable, and just basis .... "We are told now . .. that the Union is threatened with subversion and destruction ... If the Union is to be dissolved for any existing causes, it will be dissolved because slavery is interdicted or not allowed to be introduced into the ceded ten-itories, because slavery is threatened to be abolished in the District of Columbia , and because fugitive slaves are not returned ... to their masters .... "I am for staying within the Union and fighting for my rights." -Henry Clay, Resolution on the Compromise of 1850, 1850 Which of the following parts of the Compromi se of 1850 was the most appealing to the North? A) Ending the slave trade in Washington, D.C. B) Using popular sovereignty in new territories C) Passing a new Fugitive Slave Law D) Admitting California as a free state

D) Admitting California as a free state

Benjamin Robbins Curtis was a Supreme Court justice from 1851 to 1857. He espoused in the Dred Scott case of 1857: A) That the free native-born citizens of each State are citizens of the United States B) That as free colored persons born within some of the States are citizens of those States, such persons are also citizens of the United States C) That every...citizen, residing in any State has the rise to sue...in the Federal courts.... D) the Constitution was not made exclusively for the white race. D) All of the Above

D) All of the Above

"To understand political power ... we must consider what estate all men are naturally in, and that it is a state of pe1fect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possess ions . .. within the bounds of the law of nature , without asking leave , or depending upon the will of any other man .... "Whosoever therefore out of a state of nature unite into a community must be understood to give up all the power necessary to the ends for which they unite into society, to the majority of the community ... And this is done by barely agreeing to unite into one political society .. .. And thus that which begins and actually constitutes any political society is nothing but the consent of any number of freemen capable of a majority to unite ... . And this is that ... which did or could give beginning to any lawful government in the world." -John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 1690 Locke's writings had the most direct influence on the A) Great Awakening B) Mayflower Compact C) Zenger case D) American Revolution

D) American Revolution

The People's Party (Populist) advocated which of the following? A) A decrease in agricultural production B) Public ownership of the means of production C) Joint ownership of businesses by urban laborers and farmers D) An increase in the money supply E) Support for civil rights legislation

D) An increase in the money supply

During the 1930s Black voters overwhelmingly switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party because A) President Roosevelt actively pursued race reform B) southern Democrats widely favored abolishing the poll tax C) the Ku Klux Klan was gaining power within the Republican Party D) Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies E) the Democrats promised to end Prohibition

D) Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies

Which of the following characterizes the relationship between church and state for the Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the seventeenth century? A) Colonial officials strictly separated church and state. B) Colonial officials encouraged churches to incorporate Catholic elements of worship. C) Ministers held most elected offices. D) Church membership was required for voting and holding public office. E) The colonial government officially supported religious toleration.

D) Church membership was required for voting and holding public office.

On June 24th 1787, James Madison presented a proposal to pay congressmen for a full year after the expiration of their term. What was he trying to prevent with this proposal? A) High turnover within congress B) Congressmen raising taxes immediately before they left office. C) Congressmen becoming poor due to lack of pay. D) Congressmen receiving federal offices due to friendships within congress.

D) Congressmen receiving federal offices due to friendships within congress.

"I wish I knew what mighty things were fabricating. If a form of government is to be established here, what one will be assumed? Will it be left to our assemblies to choose one? And will not many men have many minds? And shall we not run into dissensions among ourselves?" "I am more and more convinced that man is a dangerous creature; and that power, whether vested in many or a few, is ever grasping...." "How shall we be governed so as to retain our liberties? Who shall frame these laws? Who will give them force and energy..." "When I consider these things, and the prejudices of people in favor of ancient customs and regulation, I feel anxious for the fate of our monarchy or democracy, or whatever is to take place." Abigail Adams, Letter to John Adams, November 27, 1775 Which of the following BEST expresses the view of Abigail Adams about power, liberty, or prejudices? A) Liberties should apply to all B) People can overcome prejudice by spending time with each other. C) Sit down John! D) Corruption is an ever present vice for men entrusted with power. E) Power can be harnessed in the right hands

D) Corruption is an ever present vice for men entrusted with power.

"Mr. President ... I proposed on Tuesday last that the Senate should proceed to the consideration of the bill to organize the territories of Nebraska and Kansas ... Now I ask the friends and the opponents of this measure to look at it as it is. Is not the question involved the simple one, whether the people of the territories shall be allowed to do as they please upon the question of slavery, subject only to the limitations of the Constitution? ... "If the principle is right, let it be avowed and maintained . If it is wrong, let it be repudiated. Let all this quibbling about the Missouri Compromise, about the territory acquired from France, about the act of 1820, be cast behind you; for the simple question is-Will you allow the people to legislate for themselves upon the subject of slavery? Why should you not?" -Stephen A. Douglas, Defense of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 1854 An increase in which of the following was the key part of the Kansas-Nebraska Act to attract Southern support? A) Fugitive Slave Act B) Transportation in the South C) Representation in Congress D) Popular sovereignty

D) Popular sovereignty

"Mr. President ... I proposed on Tuesday last that the Senate should proceed to the consideration of the bill to organize the territories of Nebraska and Kansas ... Now I ask the friends and the opponents of this measure to look at it as it is. Is not the question involved the simple one, whether the people of the territories shall be allowed to do as they please upon the question of slavery, subject only to the limitations of the Constitution? ... "If the principle is right, let it be avowed and maintained . If it is wrong, let it be repudiated. Let all this quibbling about the Missouri Compromise, about the territory acquired from France, about the act of 1820, be cast behind you; for the simple question is-Will you allow the people to legislate for themselves upon the subject of slavery? Why should you not?" -Stephen A. Douglas, Defense of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 1854 Which of the following ideas is Douglas appealing to when he says, "whether the people of the territories shall be allowed to do as they please upon the question of slavery"? A) The distinction between a territory and a state B) The right of secession C) The Crittenden Compromise D) Popular sovereignty

D) Popular sovereignty

What concerns did the Virginia Plan create for the small states? A) Equal representation limited small states to just one vote in the new legislature. B) The Virginia Plan would merge some small states with large states. C) The states would receive vastly increased powers that were too great for the small states to handle. D) Proportional representation weakened the influence of the small states in the new legislature.

D) Proportional representation weakened the influence of the small states in the new legislature.

The Missouri Compromise did which of the following? A) Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state. B) Prohibited slavery in all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase. C) Finally settled the question of congressional power over slavery in the territories. D) Provided for admission to the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave. E) Provided for the annexation of Texas.

D) Provided for admission to the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave.

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson challenged the authority of which of the following? A) Baptist ministers B) Anglican clergy C) Catholic priests and bishops D) Puritan magistrates and ministers E) Methodist itinerants

D) Puritan magistrates and ministers

"Survival of the fittest" was a key element in the philosophy of A) laissez-faire. B) the Protestant ethic. C) racial disfranchisement. D) Social Darwinism.

D) Social Darwinism.

Select the answer that BEST embodies the following quote. "There is nothing more common than to confound the terms of American Revolution with those of the late American War. The American War is over; but this is far from being the case with American Revolution. On the contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed." - Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania on July 4th 1787 A) The American Revolution ended with Cornwallis being defeated at Yorktown. B) The Constitutional Convention is at a standstill do to an inability to compromise. C) A fear of British invasion was very real for the young nation. D) The Constitutional Convention is part of the continuing evolution of the American experiment.

D) The Constitutional Convention is part of the continuing evolution of the American experiment.

"But even if southern progressivism included women, was it reserved for whites? The answer is that whites intended for it to be, and it would have been even more racist, more exclusive, and more oppressive if there had been no black women progressives .... As much as southern whites plotted to reserve progressivism for themselves, and as much as they schemed to alter the ill-fitting northern version accordingly, they failed. African- American women embraced southern white progressivism, reshaped it, and sent back a new model that included black power brokers and grass roots activists. Evidence of sout hern African-American progressivism is not to be found in public laws, electoral politics, or the establishment of mothers' aid programs at the state level. It rarely appears in documents that white progressives, male or female, left behind. Since black men could not speak out in politics and black women did not want to be seen, it has remained invisible in virtually every discussion of southern progressivism. Nonetheless, southern black women initiated every progressive reform that southern white women initiated, a feat they accomplished without financial resources, without the civic protection of their husbands, and without publicity." -Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, "Diplomatic Women," from Gender and Jim Crow The efforts described in the reading above occurred in the context of A) increased federal support for civil rights measures in the United States, as American political leaders sought to bolster the democratic image of the United States on a global stage. B) successful efforts by the U.S. military to segregate units fighting in the Spanish -American War and World War I, but resistance by state governments to follow the lead of the military. C) rapid industrialization in the South, which brought African American working-class activists in closer contact with whites. D) a nadir (lowest point) in race relations in the United States as scientific" ideas about race, inaction by the federal government, and rigid segregation in the South relegated African Americans to a second -class status in the United States.

D) a nadir (lowest point) in race relations in the United States as scientific" ideas about race, inaction by the federal government, and rigid segregation in the South relegated African Americans to a second -class status in the United States.

Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to A) oppose New England Federalism B) remove the French from forts along the Mississippi valley C) acquire territory for the expansion of slavery D) acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops E) demonstrate friendship for the French in the Napoleonic Wars

D) acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops

Pinckney's Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington's administration because it A) ceded Florida to the United States B) withdrew Spain's military forces from the Caribbean C) opened Spanish Caribbean ports to American trade D) allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans E) invited Americans to settle in Texas

D) allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans

The passage of the Pendleton Act was a direct result of the A) failure of Reconstruction B) Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson C) assassination of James A. Garfield D) assassination of Abraham Lincoln

D) assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Progressive reformers rejected Social Darwinism because they believed that A) all races were equal in ability B) society was fixed by the laws of nature and incapable of significant change C) personal development was influenced solely by heredity factors D) conflict and competition did not necessarily improve society E) science had no role in society

D) conflict and competition did not necessarily improve society

"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other power vested by this Constitution." Alexander Hamilton used the clause above to A) support his argument for a strong central government in The Federalist papers B) substantiate his strict interpretation of the Constitution C) lobby Congress for a protective tariff to promote United States industry D) convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States E) justify revising the Articles of Confederation

D) convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States

Herbert Hoover responded to the onset of the Great Depression by A) providing federal funds for the construction of low-cost housing B) imposing price controls on farm goods C) enforcing antitrust statutes D) requesting that business leaders maintain levels of wages and production E) expanding free trade with neighboring countries

D) requesting that business leaders maintain levels of wages and production

"I have made known my decision upon the Mexican Treaty ... . I would submit it [to] the Senate for rat ification . .. "The treaty conformed on the main questions of limits and boundary to the instruction s given ... though , if the treaty was now to be made, I should demand more territory .. . . "I look , too , to the consequences of its rejection. A [Whig] majority of one branch of Congress [the Hou se] is opposed to my administration .... And if I were now to reject a treaty made upon my own terms ... the probability is that Congress would not grant either men or money to prosecute the war .. .. I might at last be compelled to withdraw them [the army], and thus lose the two provinces of New Mexico and Upper California , which were ceded to the United States by this treaty." -President James K. Polk, Diary, 21st February, 1848 The major opposition to the Mexican War was based on the belief that A) the British would intervene B) Thoureau's ideas about non-violence were correct C) the nation could not pay for a war D) it would expand slavery

D) it would expand slavery

In Marbury v. Madison, the United States Supreme Court affirmed A) its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws B) the sanctity of property rights against harassment by unfriendly state legislatures C) the broad scope of the federal government's commerce power D) its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments E) its right to determine the constitutionality of state court decisions

D) its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments has the right to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

"For a nation thus abused to arise unanimously and to resist their prince, even to dethroning him, is not criminal but a reasonable way of vindicating their liberties and just rights ; it is making use of the means , and the only means, which God has put into their -power for mutual and self-defense .... "To conclude , let us all learn to be free and to be loyal. . . . But let us remember . .. government is sacred and not to be trifled with. It is our happiness to live under the government of a prince who is satisfied with ruling according to law ... . Let us prize our freedom but not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness. There are men who strike at liberty under the term licentiousness. There are others who aim at popularity under the disguise of patriotism. Be aware of both. Extremes are dangerous." -Jonathan Mayhew, church minister, "On Unlimited Submission to Rulers," 1750 According to Mayhew, the people should be willing to challenge abuses by the A) church ministers B) slave owners C) royal governors D) king

D) king

The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT A) imposition of a tax on distilled liquor B) assumption of all state debts C) funding of the national debt D) nullification of all private debts to the states E) establishment of the Bank of the United States

D) nullification of all private debts to the states

The Louisiana Purchase proved politically troubling for Thomas Jefferson because of his A) admiration of France's military power B) disdain for involvement in a foreign country's affairs C) devotion to new methods of cartography D) previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution E) veto of funding for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark's expedition

D) previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to A) expand state control of economic activity B) restrict corporate development C) reduce federal control of the economy D) promote business enterprise E) restrict federal powers of taxation

D) promote business enterprise

The purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to A) ease the economic difficulties of sharecroppers and tenant farmers B) provide for the distribution of surplus meat and produce to the poor C) expand agricultural production by subsidizing farmers D) raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production E) reapportion electoral districts to give farmers greater representation in Congress

D) raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production

"We drift fast toward war with England, but I think we shall not reach that point. The shopkeepers who own England want to do us all harm they can and to give all possible aid and comfort to our slave-breeding and woman -flogging adversary, for England has degenerated into a trader, manufacturer, and banker, and has lost all the instincts and sympathies that her name still suggests ... She cannot ally herself with slavery, as she incline s to do, without closing a profitable market , exposing her commerce to [Yankee] privateers, and diminishing the supply of [Northern] breadstuffs on which her operatives depend for life. On the other side, however, is the consideration that by allowing piratical Alabamas to be built, armed, and manned in her ports to prey on our commerce, she is making a great deal of money." -George Templeton Strong, New York lawyer, Diary, 1863 A major part of the Confederate strategy for winning independence was based on A) building a modern navy to break the Union blockade B) encircling the Union capital, Washington, D.C. C) developing factories to manufacture weapons D) winning recognition and support from Great Britain

D) winning recognition and support from Great Britain