MRQ #5

(Cell Membrane Function) The cell membrane

-is composed of two layers of phospholipids that have proteins embedded throughout both layers -contains marker proteins (recognition), receptor proteins, and channel (transport) proteins -allows substances to move through it

(Protein Synthesis) This picture shows Screen Shot 2015-11-27 at 8.25.43 PM.png

-mRNA in red -DNA in blue -transcription

(Protein Synthesis) During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide or protein depends on the

codon on the mRNA

(Protein Synthesis) RNA

contains uracil in place of thymine

(DNA Structure) In DNA

cytosine always pairs with guanine

DNA Structure) What do the orange shapes represent in the picture below? Screen Shot 2015-11-09 at 9.36.57 PM.png

deoxyribose sugars

(Levels of Complexity/Organization) All the living things and the nonliving abiotic factors in a community is called a(n).

ecosystem

(Cell Transport) Which of the following does not use energy?

facilitated diffusion

(DNA Structure) A chromosome is made up of two molecules. These molecules include one long DNA molecule that wraps itself around carbohydrates.

false

(DNA Structure) DNA is a single strand of nucleotides held together by nitrogen bonds.

false

(DNA Structure) DNA is single stranded.

false

(Protein Synthesis) Which is the most correct path?

gene-----mRNA------protein

(Levels of Organization/Complexity) Which of the following is an example of an organ?

heart

(DNA Structure) Human somatic (body) cells have this number of chromosomes (strands of DNA) during most of their life.

46

(Protein Synthesis) How many codons would be needed to specify five amino acids?

5

(Protein Synthesis) How many codons code for arginine? Screen Shot 2015-11-27 at 7.45.33 PM.png

6

(Enzymes) In the following equation, what are the products of the reaction?

6CO2 and 6H20

(Protein Synthesis) A set of three nitrogen bases found on an mRNA strand that code for a specific amino acid, are known as what?

codon

(Cell Classification) Based on what you see in the picture, classify this cell. I. Bacterial cell II. Prokaryotic cell III. Plant cell IV. Eukaryotic cell V. Animal cell cell

I and II only

(Classification of Organisms) These types of organisms can be chemosynthetic or photosynthetic and is/are ALWAYS unicellular. I. Archaea II. Bacteria III. Eukarya

I and II only

Protein Synthesis) Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA I. Ribose II. Adenine III. Phosphate IV. Sugar V. Cytosine

II, III, IV, and V

(DNA Structure) What was the purpose of the soap in the strawberry DNA extraction lab?

It dissolved the cell and nuclear membrane so the DNA could come out of the cell.

There are three types of endocytosis; which option correctly identifies all three types and is correctly matched?

Pinocytosis (dissolved particles), Phagocytosis (solid particles), Receptor mediated (molecules that attach to receptors)

(Cell Membrane Structure and Cell Membrane Function) When looking for a "good match" for an organ transplant, the doctors are trying to locate a person with similar ____________________.

cell membrane recognition proteins

(Cell Membrane Structure and Cell Membrane Function) In the picture of the cell membrane, which proteins are responsible for identifying self from non-self? In other words, they allow your body to know when a non-self virus or other cell (bacteria or other human cell) enters your body. In addition, these proteins identify different cells within your own body such as pancreas cells vs. liver cells vs. blood cells, etc.... Screen Shot 2015-10-18 at 10.32.13 PM.png

Recognition proteins

(Protein Synthesis) If the codon reads AAG, then the DNA would read ____________.

TTC

Classification of Cells) Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in the picture? Screen Shot 2015-09-21 at 3.50.10 PM.png

The cell is an animal cell.

(Solutions) Look at the picture and answer the question. Please assume that the cells are in a solution of salt water. What is going to happen to the cell in the beaker with the 30% salt solution? beakers_solutions.gif

The cell will lose mass because water will leave the cell to enter the hypertonic solution.

(Protein Synthesis) Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon?

There are 64 different codons and 20 amino acids.

(Protein Synthesis) If DNA reads TTT, then the anti-codon will read

UUU

(Protein Synthesis) A mutation in the gene/DNA may lead to I. a different sequence of amino acids in a protein II. a faulty protein (unable to do it's job) III. the protein to fold differently IV. no change in the protein

a different sequence of amino acids in a protein a faulty protein (unable to do it's job) the protein to fold differently no change in the protein

(Macromolecules) What is this? starch and glucose.png

a polysaccharide

(Protein Synthesis) What is produced during translation?

a protein

Protein Synthesis) What is produced during translation?

a protein

(Cell Transport) If molecules are being PUMPED across a membrane using energy, the process is most specifically called

active transport

(Cell Transport) Which movement of substances through a cell membrane against a concentration gradient requires energy?

active transport

(DNA Structure) Identify the correct bonding pattern in DNA molecules

adenine and thymine = 2 & cytosine and guanine = 3

(Protein Synthesis) The order of nucleotides in DNA determines the order of _______________________ in proteins.

amino acids

(Classification of Organisms) Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?

bacteria

(Macromolecules) Why is carbon so special compared to other elements?

because it has a valence of four and can bond with up to four other atoms

(Protein Synthesis) That anti-codon

bonds with the codon.

(Macromolecules) These TWO macromolecules are our MAIN sources of energy.

carbs/lipids

(Classification of Cells) Which of these cell parts is NOT found in plant cells?

centrioles

(Cell Membrane Structure and Cell Membrane Function) Insulin is a hormone that will bind to the cell membrane and send a message into the cell. This message ultimately causes vesicles, containing GLUT 4 glucose transporters (glucose transport channels), to fuse with the cell membrane providing the passageway for glucose to enter the cell. What type of protein do you think insulin binds to on the cell membrane?

insulin receptor protein

(Solutions) In the osmosis lab, what happened to the egg when we placed it in water?

it gained mass.

(Enzymes) Which of the following best describes the role of an enzyme?

lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction

(Protein Synthesis) Which of the following serves as the copy of the gene/DNA?

mRNA (messenger RNA)

(Classification of Cells) What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?

membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus

(Cell Organelle Structure) What are all of the structures below made up of? centrioles cilia flagella mitotic spindle

microtubules

(DNA Structure) This picture is showing you Screen Shot 2015-11-11 at 11.53.33 AM.png

nucleosomes

(Cell Transport) Which of the following involves "cell drinking"?

pinocytosis

(Classification of Organisms) This type of organism can be heterotrophic or autotrophic, is sometimes unicellular and sometimes multicellular and sometimes has a cell wall but sometimes doesn't.

protists

(DNA Structure) From this picture, you cannot Screen Shot 2015-11-09 at 9.36.57 PM.png

see the number of hydrogen bonds between the bases

(DNA Structure) This picture Screen Shot 2015-11-09 at 9.08.44 PM.png

shows the composition of a nucleotide

(Protein Synthesis) What is D in the picture? Screen Shot 2015-11-27 at 8.06.59 PM.png

tRNA

(DNA Structure) In DNA

the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine

(Protein Synthesis) By keeping genes within the nucleus

the cell can make many copies of the gene

Cell differentiation or specialization within a multicellular organism is possible because

the cells of a multicellular organism have the same DNA, but turn on and off different genes according to function

(DNA structure) In the structure of DNA...

the sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate

(Macromolecules) Nucleic acids function in which of the following?

the storage and transfer of genetic information

(Enzyme) Which is true about enzymes?

they speed up metabolic processed in the body

(Protein Synthesis) The picture shows the process of Screen Shot 2015-11-27 at 7.54.29 PM.png

translation

(DNA Structure) In order to conserve space within the cell, DNA

winds itself around histones