MUS 200 test 2 (jmu - Gant)
trio sonata
-4 players -two high instruments -organ or harpsichord -cello or bassoon
Farinelli
-most famous castrato -coloratura singing (sang high register rapidly)
chorale (or hymn)
-sung in German -familiar to congregation -musical basis for church cantata
chamber sonata
-trio (da camera)
church sonata
-trio (da chiesa) -dignified
scientific/systematic
-tuning -rhythm -melody and harmony -tone color (timbre) -dynamics (terraced)
string quartet
-2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello
classical orchestra
-25 to 50 musicians -continuo group abandoned -strings, woodwind, brass, percussion
baroque sonata
-1 to 8 players -church or chamber (trio)
baroque orchestra
-10 to 40 musicians surrounding harpsichord -continuo at the heart -strings standard body -figured bass
The Four Seasons
-Antonio Vivaldi -La Primavera (allegro)
Henry Purcell (1659-1695)
-English -Dido and Aeneas (aria "Dido's Lament) -organist at Westminster Abbey
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
-German -church and court musician -3 main musical parts: weimar, cöthen, leipzig -organ fugue in G minor ("little fugue") -notebook for Anna Magdalena
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
-austrian -son of Leopold -seranade Eine Kleine Nachtmusik -Magic Flute -"I compose when the cows piss"
Classical Era (1750-1820)
-age of enlightenment -political and social upheavel -pursuit of happiness
overture
-announces local aristocrat and begins opera -march-like -noble -triumphant
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
-austrian -hired by Prince Esterhazy (baryton) -father of string quartet and symphony genres
rondo
-binary form -usually light in character -other sections called episodes -ABACA; ABACABA
emotional
-doctrine of affections -baroque
concerto grosso
-follows pattern of solo concerto -3 movements: fast, slow, fast -ritornello form -solo group
George Frederic Handel (1685-1759)
-german; but anglophile -Giulio Cesare (aria "Piangerò la Sorta Mia") -Messiah oratorio (aria "Ev'ry Valley Shall be Exalted") -water music
baroque period (1600-1750)
-highly ornate -exaggerated -"bizarre" -misshapen pearls
Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)
-italian -founder of modern opera -orfeo -worked for the Duke of Milan -at 65 began taking "holy orders"
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)
-italian -priest -ospedale della pietà (orphanage for girls)
Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713)
-italian -trio sonata in A minor op. 3, no. 10 (all in minor)
versailles
-location of the Royal Court moved from Paris -King Louis XIV (sun king)
fugue
-polyphonic structure -subject, exposition, episode, entry (statement) -techniques: countersubject, inversion, stretto (overlap), augmentation (stretch) and diminuation (shrink)
church cantata
-sacred -based on liturgical year/scripture -chorale tune
oratorio
-sacred -no scenery, costumes, or acting -during Lent -begins and ends in ritornello form
duality
-scientific/systematic -emotional
opera
-secular -multi-movement: acts and scenes -staged work: played with continuous music -soprano, alto, tenor, bass, castrato
solo concerto
-soloist accompanied by orchestra -3 movements: fast, slow, fast -ritornello form
classical concerto
-soloist and orchestra -conductor -3 movements -solo cadenza (trill signals end)
classical sonata
-soloist and piano (or solo piano) -3 main sections: exposition, development, recapitulation (coda optional) -ABA' (turnary form "on steroids")
k numbers
Ludwig Kochel, cataloging number for Mozart's works
even temperament
tuning system pianos are tuned to today
well temperament
tuning system used by Bach to bypass re-tuning between key changes