MUS 200 test 2 (jmu - Gant)

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trio sonata

-4 players -two high instruments -organ or harpsichord -cello or bassoon

Farinelli

-most famous castrato -coloratura singing (sang high register rapidly)

chorale (or hymn)

-sung in German -familiar to congregation -musical basis for church cantata

chamber sonata

-trio (da camera)

church sonata

-trio (da chiesa) -dignified

scientific/systematic

-tuning -rhythm -melody and harmony -tone color (timbre) -dynamics (terraced)

string quartet

-2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello

classical orchestra

-25 to 50 musicians -continuo group abandoned -strings, woodwind, brass, percussion

baroque sonata

-1 to 8 players -church or chamber (trio)

baroque orchestra

-10 to 40 musicians surrounding harpsichord -continuo at the heart -strings standard body -figured bass

The Four Seasons

-Antonio Vivaldi -La Primavera (allegro)

Henry Purcell (1659-1695)

-English -Dido and Aeneas (aria "Dido's Lament) -organist at Westminster Abbey

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

-German -church and court musician -3 main musical parts: weimar, cöthen, leipzig -organ fugue in G minor ("little fugue") -notebook for Anna Magdalena

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

-austrian -son of Leopold -seranade Eine Kleine Nachtmusik -Magic Flute -"I compose when the cows piss"

Classical Era (1750-1820)

-age of enlightenment -political and social upheavel -pursuit of happiness

overture

-announces local aristocrat and begins opera -march-like -noble -triumphant

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

-austrian -hired by Prince Esterhazy (baryton) -father of string quartet and symphony genres

rondo

-binary form -usually light in character -other sections called episodes -ABACA; ABACABA

emotional

-doctrine of affections -baroque

concerto grosso

-follows pattern of solo concerto -3 movements: fast, slow, fast -ritornello form -solo group

George Frederic Handel (1685-1759)

-german; but anglophile -Giulio Cesare (aria "Piangerò la Sorta Mia") -Messiah oratorio (aria "Ev'ry Valley Shall be Exalted") -water music

baroque period (1600-1750)

-highly ornate -exaggerated -"bizarre" -misshapen pearls

Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)

-italian -founder of modern opera -orfeo -worked for the Duke of Milan -at 65 began taking "holy orders"

Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)

-italian -priest -ospedale della pietà (orphanage for girls)

Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713)

-italian -trio sonata in A minor op. 3, no. 10 (all in minor)

versailles

-location of the Royal Court moved from Paris -King Louis XIV (sun king)

fugue

-polyphonic structure -subject, exposition, episode, entry (statement) -techniques: countersubject, inversion, stretto (overlap), augmentation (stretch) and diminuation (shrink)

church cantata

-sacred -based on liturgical year/scripture -chorale tune

oratorio

-sacred -no scenery, costumes, or acting -during Lent -begins and ends in ritornello form

duality

-scientific/systematic -emotional

opera

-secular -multi-movement: acts and scenes -staged work: played with continuous music -soprano, alto, tenor, bass, castrato

solo concerto

-soloist accompanied by orchestra -3 movements: fast, slow, fast -ritornello form

classical concerto

-soloist and orchestra -conductor -3 movements -solo cadenza (trill signals end)

classical sonata

-soloist and piano (or solo piano) -3 main sections: exposition, development, recapitulation (coda optional) -ABA' (turnary form "on steroids")

k numbers

Ludwig Kochel, cataloging number for Mozart's works

even temperament

tuning system pianos are tuned to today

well temperament

tuning system used by Bach to bypass re-tuning between key changes


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