MUS Geology- Chapter 1 Test (No T/F)
Energy and matter flow in and out of system
Open System
Most prominent feature on the ocean floor
oceanic ridges
was the highly influential, ancient Greek philosopher noted for his writings and teachings on natural philosophy and on the workings of Earth.
Aristotle
The ___________ is not a part of of Earth's physical environment.
Astrosphere
Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) Hydrosphere B) Biosphere C) Atmosphere D) Solid Earth
B
_________________, a popular natural philosophy of the 17th century and early 18th centuries was based on a firm belief in a very short geologic history for earth.
Catastrophism
Match the following: 66 Million Years ago to present A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Cenozoic
Match the following: Recent life A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Cenozoic
Match the following: The age of mammals A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Cenozoic
A(n) ________________ system is one in which energy moves freely in and out, but no matter enters or leaves the system.
Closed
Energy moves in and out of a system, but matter does not
Closed System
Andes Mountains
Converging
The ___________ is the thinnest layer of the earth
Crust
Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) abyssal plain slope. B) Seamount C) oceanic ridge D) Continental
D
Which one of the following statements is not Correct? A) Igneous Rocks can undergo Metamorphism B) Metamorphic rocks melt to Magma C) Magmas crystallize to form igneous rocks D) Sedimentary rocks may weather to igneous rocks
D
Seafloor Spreading
Diverging
The Asthenosphere ___________
Exists below a depth of 100 Kilometers
Principle that states that fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and determinable order
Fossil Succession
_____________ rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.
Igneous
The ____________ is thought to be a liquid, metallic region in the Earth's interior.
Outer core
Match the following: 541 Million years ago to 252 million years ago A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Paleozoic
Match the following: Ancient life A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Paleozoic
Match the following: The Age of Amphibians A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Paleozoic
Match the following: The age of fish A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Paleozoic
The ____ division of the geologic time scale is an era of the Phanerozoic eon.
Paleozoic
Match the following: 4.56 Billion Years ago to 541 Million years ago A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Precambrian
Match the following: 88% of Geologic time A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Precambrian
_______________ rocks always originate at the surface of the solid earth.
Sedimentary
The composition of the core of earth is thought to be
Solid iron-nickel alloy
2 Sources of energy in the Earth System
The sun and the core
A ______________ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations.
Theory
Compared to the age of earth accepted as correct today, how did 17th and 18th century proponents of catastrophism envision the earth's age
They believed earth to be much younger than current estimates
San Andreas Fault
Transform
_________________ is often paraphrased as "the present is the key to the past."
Uniformitarianism
_______________ is the process by which rocks breakdown in place to produce soils and sediments.
Weathering
Active mountain belts are most likely to be found ________.
along the margins of continents.
In sedimentary rocks, lithification includes
compaction and cementation
The current accepted age of the earth is
4.6 Billion Years Old
What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A) Historical Geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface. B) Physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past C) Physical Geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past D) None of the above--- they are all the same.
A
Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition? A) Older strata generally deal are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata. B) Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers. C) Older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale. D) Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils.
B
Which of the following observations and inferences is consistent with the idea of uniformitarianism? A) Erupting volcanoes overlie burning, subterranean coal beds. B) Sand rolling along a stream bottom shows that sediment is moving downstream. C) Lava flows on the seafloor precipitated from seawater D) All of the above
B
The _______________ refers to the sum total of all life on earth.
Biosphere
All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation except for___________. A) The collection of scientific facts through observation and measurement B) the development of 1 or more working hypotheses or models to explain facts C) assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation D) development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses
C
Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) Crust B) mantle C) lithosphere D) core
C
Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) Hypothesis B) theory C) fact D) observation
C
In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes which units?
Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust
___________ was an important 18th century English geologist and proponent of uniformitarianism.
James Hutton
The continental shelf is located ________________.
Landward of the continental slope
The __________________ forms relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics.
Lithosphere
Difference between lithosphere/asthenosphere
Lithosphere: Cool and Brittle Asthenosphere: Hot
The geologic time scale divisions are based on ____________.
Major extinction of flora and fauna.
The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the Earth.
Mantle
Match the following: 252 million years ago to 66 million years ago A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Mesozoic
Match the following: Middle life A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Mesozoic
Match the following: The age of birds A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Mesozoic
Match the following: The age of reptiles A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian
Mesozoic
The _________________ proposes that the bodies of our solar system formed at essentially the same time from a rotating cloud of gases and dust.
Nebular hypothesis
The most prominent feature on the ocean floor are the ______________.
Oceanic Ridges