MUS Geology- Chapter 1 Test (No T/F)

Energy and matter flow in and out of system

Open System

Most prominent feature on the ocean floor

oceanic ridges

was the highly influential, ancient Greek philosopher noted for his writings and teachings on natural philosophy and on the workings of Earth.

Aristotle

The ___________ is not a part of of Earth's physical environment.

Astrosphere

Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) Hydrosphere B) Biosphere C) Atmosphere D) Solid Earth

B

_________________, a popular natural philosophy of the 17th century and early 18th centuries was based on a firm belief in a very short geologic history for earth.

Catastrophism

Match the following: 66 Million Years ago to present A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Cenozoic

Match the following: Recent life A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Cenozoic

Match the following: The age of mammals A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Cenozoic

A(n) ________________ system is one in which energy moves freely in and out, but no matter enters or leaves the system.

Closed

Energy moves in and out of a system, but matter does not

Closed System

Andes Mountains

Converging

The ___________ is the thinnest layer of the earth

Crust

Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) abyssal plain slope. B) Seamount C) oceanic ridge D) Continental

D

Which one of the following statements is not Correct? A) Igneous Rocks can undergo Metamorphism B) Metamorphic rocks melt to Magma C) Magmas crystallize to form igneous rocks D) Sedimentary rocks may weather to igneous rocks

D

Seafloor Spreading

Diverging

The Asthenosphere ___________

Exists below a depth of 100 Kilometers

Principle that states that fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and determinable order

Fossil Succession

_____________ rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.

Igneous

The ____________ is thought to be a liquid, metallic region in the Earth's interior.

Outer core

Match the following: 541 Million years ago to 252 million years ago A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Paleozoic

Match the following: Ancient life A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Paleozoic

Match the following: The Age of Amphibians A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Paleozoic

Match the following: The age of fish A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Paleozoic

The ____ division of the geologic time scale is an era of the Phanerozoic eon.

Paleozoic

Match the following: 4.56 Billion Years ago to 541 Million years ago A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Precambrian

Match the following: 88% of Geologic time A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Precambrian

_______________ rocks always originate at the surface of the solid earth.

Sedimentary

The composition of the core of earth is thought to be

Solid iron-nickel alloy

2 Sources of energy in the Earth System

The sun and the core

A ______________ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations.

Theory

Compared to the age of earth accepted as correct today, how did 17th and 18th century proponents of catastrophism envision the earth's age

They believed earth to be much younger than current estimates

San Andreas Fault

Transform

_________________ is often paraphrased as "the present is the key to the past."

Uniformitarianism

_______________ is the process by which rocks breakdown in place to produce soils and sediments.

Weathering

Active mountain belts are most likely to be found ________.

along the margins of continents.

In sedimentary rocks, lithification includes

compaction and cementation

The current accepted age of the earth is

4.6 Billion Years Old

What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A) Historical Geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface. B) Physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past C) Physical Geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past D) None of the above--- they are all the same.

A

Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition? A) Older strata generally deal are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata. B) Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers. C) Older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale. D) Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils.

B

Which of the following observations and inferences is consistent with the idea of uniformitarianism? A) Erupting volcanoes overlie burning, subterranean coal beds. B) Sand rolling along a stream bottom shows that sediment is moving downstream. C) Lava flows on the seafloor precipitated from seawater D) All of the above

B

The _______________ refers to the sum total of all life on earth.

Biosphere

All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation except for___________. A) The collection of scientific facts through observation and measurement B) the development of 1 or more working hypotheses or models to explain facts C) assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation D) development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses

C

Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) Crust B) mantle C) lithosphere D) core

C

Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) Hypothesis B) theory C) fact D) observation

C

In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes which units?

Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust

___________ was an important 18th century English geologist and proponent of uniformitarianism.

James Hutton

The continental shelf is located ________________.

Landward of the continental slope

The __________________ forms relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics.

Lithosphere

Difference between lithosphere/asthenosphere

Lithosphere: Cool and Brittle Asthenosphere: Hot

The geologic time scale divisions are based on ____________.

Major extinction of flora and fauna.

The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the Earth.

Mantle

Match the following: 252 million years ago to 66 million years ago A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Mesozoic

Match the following: Middle life A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Mesozoic

Match the following: The age of birds A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Mesozoic

Match the following: The age of reptiles A) Mesozoic B) Cenozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

Mesozoic

The _________________ proposes that the bodies of our solar system formed at essentially the same time from a rotating cloud of gases and dust.

Nebular hypothesis

The most prominent feature on the ocean floor are the ______________.

Oceanic Ridges