MUSIC 102 exam 1
meditative music
- Matt Crocker song "Hillsong" - music is created to promote inner healing
ceremonial music
- W.A. Mozart song "Requiem Mass" - secular or religious, music has been used to enhance ceremonies in all cultures
Martha Graham
- american modern dancer - the graham technique reshaped American dance and is still taught today
the neanderthal bone flute
- earliest musical instrument - 40-80,000 years old - bear femur, discovered in 1995
example of background music
- elevator music - music that people are supposed to hear but not listen to while they are engaged in some other activity
orchestral suite
- entertainment - setting is symphony hall - purpose is to be enjoyed by the audience for its own sake - arranged by Aaron Copland
western Europe
Most of America's popular and classical music is based on the traditions of _________
the music language is taught orally
Most of the communication between people is through talking and verbal conversation mean _________
ethnomusicologists
Scholars of the role music plays in cultures are known as __________
assimilation
Some immigrant groups have merged with the mainstream of American society while retaining the songs, dances, instruments, and other aspects of their cultures. What is the term for this merging process?
the music language is anew fusion of elements and styles
The community is made up of people from different races, religions, nationalities, and genders means _______
advertising
The component of the music industry that uses music to sell products and services is known as ___________
a merging of classical, symphony, popular, and operatic styles
The music of George Gershwin is best described as ______
popular music that became part of the folk music tradition
The music of Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, and Bob Dylan is best described as _________
dissonance, consonance
a kind of musical tension, _____ is created by sounds that are unstable and uncomfortable. this tension is usually resolved with _____, which offers stability and response
pitch, duration, loudness, and tone quality
all sounds have....
silence
although sounds form the basis of a musical piece, the presence of _________ is just as important to the overall effect
musical concerts are performed in concert halls
art is seen as separate from daily life means _______
horizontally
because music moves through time, all music has sounds that occur
changing functions of music
music has wonderful flexibility and attractiveness that enable it to shift form one social function to another
settings
music takes place in a variety of setting, each of which effect the function
simple gifts
old purpose: ceremonial new purpose: art music - Jewel sang the song
white noise
the entire range of frequencies sounding at one is called ___________
definition of hearing
the faculty of perceiving sound
musical therapy
the field of _______ is an example of how music can serve as a functional purpose, rather than an aesthetic one
acoustics
the science of sound is called _________
definition of music
the science or art of ordering tones or sounds in succession, in combination, and in temporal relationships to produce a composition having unity and continuity
form
the shape or structure of a musical piece is called its ________
acoustics
the silence of sound and the physical basis of music is called
qualities of music
universal, motion, art, functional, expressive, and sound and silence
engineering
which of the following is not a function of music cultural enrichment engineering therapy entertainment
acoustics
frequency, range, echo, graphic equalization, and signal-to-noise ratio are principles of
definition of listening
give one's attention to sound, make an effort to hear something
duration
how long a pitch lasts is referred to as _________
Bob Marley song - Exodus (listening one)
- his genre: Rocksteady, Reggae, Ska - Exodus was named Album of the Century by Time Magazine - He believed strong message in songs is important - last words were "Money Can't buy life" - Bob Marley was a member for some years of the Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. He got dreadlocks, became a vegetarian - "Exodus" ("Jah come to break downpression, rule equality, wipe away transgression, set the captives free.")
example of motivational music
- music in prison - "freedom to play" - used to motivate and create unity of purpose in crowds
Traditional "Barbry Allen" performed by Jean Ritchie
- narrative ballad (story song) - most widely sung narrative ballad in English - one of the longest-lived songs learned through oral tradition - originally a Scottish song, traced to 1666 - each verse begins on the third beat of the bar (with a 'pickup') - tempo is moderately slow (each stanza is set to the same music), two phrases to each verse
Hymn
- religious song or poem, typically of praise to God - ceremonial purpose - purpose is to create an atmosphere of worship and piety
String Quartet, op. 33, no. 2
- scherzo; triple meter - order of song: first phase, first phase repeated, contrasting phrase, contrasting phrase 1-4, first phrase, contrasting phrase, contrasting phrase 1-4, first phrase - number op. 33, no. 2 means that the quartet is the second composition of a group of Haydn's work as opus 33. - "The Joke" is a nickname for the piece - he put extensive pauses at the end to catch people off guard - is from the second of 4 movements of the quartet: Scherzo - a fast, dancelike style - the music is in triple meter
example of utilitarian music
- sea chanties from the Pirates of the Carribean movie - "whiskey is the life of man" - used to help synchronize the movement or labor of groups of people, to make mundane tasks more efficient and pleasant
ballet
- utilitarian - setting is a ballet company theatre - purpose is to embellish and accompany the choreography - arranged by Aaron Copland for the ballet Appalachian Spring
the shakers
-religious movement founded in 17772 by Ann Lee - Ann Lee known as "Mother Ann" - believed in the second coming of christ - they believed in gender equality - music and dance were very important in their services because that is when the "inner light" would enter their being
Urban Dictionary definition of music
-ruined by MTV -mankind's greatest achievement - indefinable by words alone
goals of String Quartet, op. 33, no. 2 (listening one)
1. Recognize beginnings and ends of phrases and points of rest (cadences) where forward energy subsides and the phrases end. 2. Distinguish between melodic line and supportive accompaniment. 3. Recognize melodic contour (melodic shape). 4. Notice the sounds of bowed stringed instruments (the violin family).
Goals of Traditional "Barbry Allen" performed by Jean Ritchie. (listening one)
1. Recognize strophic form. (Each stanza is set to the same music regardless of the meaning and mood of the text.) 2. Recognize a fluid and flexible rhythm. 3. Describe the singing style.
functions of music
1. ceremonial - religious ritual 2. meditative - worship service 3. utilitarian - work song 4. motivational - marching band, protest music 5. background - elevator music 6. entertainment/art - concert
jazz
An American style of music that developed from the merging of the songs and dances of Anglo-Americans with those of Creoles is called
TRUE
Copyright law was established in 1909?
contrast
In music, ______ is created when there is a departure from an initial theme
silence
Many composers and performers recognize the importance of _______ as a compositional technique rather than only a rest from sound.
the music is written and performed with the intention of inducing a trance state
Spirituality is an important part of daily life means ______
cultural characteristics
The language, customs, social views, artistry, and lifestyles of ethnic groups are known as __________
FALSE
The process by which a culture assimilates, blends with, or adapts to the characteristics and practices of other cultures is called culturalization.
the music is pop with many contemporary influences
There is a great emphasis on youth culture means ______
- early religious, folk, and popular song traditions derived from mainland Europe - early settlers had little exposure to Native American traditions - American settlers were exposed to European classical music through travel - Native American music was deemed primitive, and thus unworthy, by European settlers
Why were European influences dominant in early American music? Select all answers that are true.
motive
a _________ is the smallest group of notes that has an identifiable character
theme
a ___________ is a complete (or relatively complete) musical idea
a global perspective
a greater respect for the lifestyles, traditions, values, and arts of nations and cultures can be achieved through ________
music is mainly performed by unamplified instruments
access to electricity is scarce means _______
Dramatic suite
an arrangement of excerpts from a larger dramatic work
notation
any system of written symbols that instructs a performer how to play a piece of music is called _____
conductor
in a band, chorus, or orchestra, the primary interpreter of a musical work is the _________
dolphin dreams
jonathon goldman was the composer of ________ for his wife while she gave birth
definition of language
method of human communication, either spoken or written
pitch
that rate of speed of sound waves is perceived as ___________
hearing vs. listening
the art of music is so deep and profound that to approach it very seriously only is not enough. one must approach music with a serious vigor and at the same time, with great, affectionate joy."
the music is strongly traditional
the community is very intolerant of outside influencers means _______
classical
the music of western Europe concert tradition is referred to as
- sound and silence organized time - an art than can suggest feelings and images
what are sentences that accurately answer the question, what is music?
modulation
when a piece of music changes key, it has gone through _________
reverberation
when designing a musical space, an engineer will try to balance certain principles, such as resonance and _________