MUSIC 102 exam 1

meditative music

- Matt Crocker song "Hillsong" - music is created to promote inner healing

ceremonial music

- W.A. Mozart song "Requiem Mass" - secular or religious, music has been used to enhance ceremonies in all cultures

Martha Graham

- american modern dancer - the graham technique reshaped American dance and is still taught today

the neanderthal bone flute

- earliest musical instrument - 40-80,000 years old - bear femur, discovered in 1995

example of background music

- elevator music - music that people are supposed to hear but not listen to while they are engaged in some other activity

orchestral suite

- entertainment - setting is symphony hall - purpose is to be enjoyed by the audience for its own sake - arranged by Aaron Copland

western Europe

Most of America's popular and classical music is based on the traditions of _________

the music language is taught orally

Most of the communication between people is through talking and verbal conversation mean _________

ethnomusicologists

Scholars of the role music plays in cultures are known as __________

assimilation

Some immigrant groups have merged with the mainstream of American society while retaining the songs, dances, instruments, and other aspects of their cultures. What is the term for this merging process?

the music language is anew fusion of elements and styles

The community is made up of people from different races, religions, nationalities, and genders means _______

advertising

The component of the music industry that uses music to sell products and services is known as ___________

a merging of classical, symphony, popular, and operatic styles

The music of George Gershwin is best described as ______

popular music that became part of the folk music tradition

The music of Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, and Bob Dylan is best described as _________

dissonance, consonance

a kind of musical tension, _____ is created by sounds that are unstable and uncomfortable. this tension is usually resolved with _____, which offers stability and response

pitch, duration, loudness, and tone quality

all sounds have....

silence

although sounds form the basis of a musical piece, the presence of _________ is just as important to the overall effect

musical concerts are performed in concert halls

art is seen as separate from daily life means _______

horizontally

because music moves through time, all music has sounds that occur

changing functions of music

music has wonderful flexibility and attractiveness that enable it to shift form one social function to another

settings

music takes place in a variety of setting, each of which effect the function

simple gifts

old purpose: ceremonial new purpose: art music - Jewel sang the song

white noise

the entire range of frequencies sounding at one is called ___________

definition of hearing

the faculty of perceiving sound

musical therapy

the field of _______ is an example of how music can serve as a functional purpose, rather than an aesthetic one

acoustics

the science of sound is called _________

definition of music

the science or art of ordering tones or sounds in succession, in combination, and in temporal relationships to produce a composition having unity and continuity

form

the shape or structure of a musical piece is called its ________

acoustics

the silence of sound and the physical basis of music is called

qualities of music

universal, motion, art, functional, expressive, and sound and silence

engineering

which of the following is not a function of music cultural enrichment engineering therapy entertainment

acoustics

frequency, range, echo, graphic equalization, and signal-to-noise ratio are principles of

definition of listening

give one's attention to sound, make an effort to hear something

duration

how long a pitch lasts is referred to as _________

Bob Marley song - Exodus (listening one)

- his genre: Rocksteady, Reggae, Ska - Exodus was named Album of the Century by Time Magazine - He believed strong message in songs is important - last words were "Money Can't buy life" - Bob Marley was a member for some years of the Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. He got dreadlocks, became a vegetarian - "Exodus" ("Jah come to break downpression, rule equality, wipe away transgression, set the captives free.")

example of motivational music

- music in prison - "freedom to play" - used to motivate and create unity of purpose in crowds

Traditional "Barbry Allen" performed by Jean Ritchie

- narrative ballad (story song) - most widely sung narrative ballad in English - one of the longest-lived songs learned through oral tradition - originally a Scottish song, traced to 1666 - each verse begins on the third beat of the bar (with a 'pickup') - tempo is moderately slow (each stanza is set to the same music), two phrases to each verse

Hymn

- religious song or poem, typically of praise to God - ceremonial purpose - purpose is to create an atmosphere of worship and piety

String Quartet, op. 33, no. 2

- scherzo; triple meter - order of song: first phase, first phase repeated, contrasting phrase, contrasting phrase 1-4, first phrase, contrasting phrase, contrasting phrase 1-4, first phrase - number op. 33, no. 2 means that the quartet is the second composition of a group of Haydn's work as opus 33. - "The Joke" is a nickname for the piece - he put extensive pauses at the end to catch people off guard - is from the second of 4 movements of the quartet: Scherzo - a fast, dancelike style - the music is in triple meter

example of utilitarian music

- sea chanties from the Pirates of the Carribean movie - "whiskey is the life of man" - used to help synchronize the movement or labor of groups of people, to make mundane tasks more efficient and pleasant

ballet

- utilitarian - setting is a ballet company theatre - purpose is to embellish and accompany the choreography - arranged by Aaron Copland for the ballet Appalachian Spring

the shakers

-religious movement founded in 17772 by Ann Lee - Ann Lee known as "Mother Ann" - believed in the second coming of christ - they believed in gender equality - music and dance were very important in their services because that is when the "inner light" would enter their being

Urban Dictionary definition of music

-ruined by MTV -mankind's greatest achievement - indefinable by words alone

goals of String Quartet, op. 33, no. 2 (listening one)

1. Recognize beginnings and ends of phrases and points of rest (cadences) where forward energy subsides and the phrases end. 2. Distinguish between melodic line and supportive accompaniment. 3. Recognize melodic contour (melodic shape). 4. Notice the sounds of bowed stringed instruments (the violin family).

Goals of Traditional "Barbry Allen" performed by Jean Ritchie. (listening one)

1. Recognize strophic form. (Each stanza is set to the same music regardless of the meaning and mood of the text.) 2. Recognize a fluid and flexible rhythm. 3. Describe the singing style.

functions of music

1. ceremonial - religious ritual 2. meditative - worship service 3. utilitarian - work song 4. motivational - marching band, protest music 5. background - elevator music 6. entertainment/art - concert

jazz

An American style of music that developed from the merging of the songs and dances of Anglo-Americans with those of Creoles is called

TRUE

Copyright law was established in 1909?

contrast

In music, ______ is created when there is a departure from an initial theme

silence

Many composers and performers recognize the importance of _______ as a compositional technique rather than only a rest from sound.

the music is written and performed with the intention of inducing a trance state

Spirituality is an important part of daily life means ______

cultural characteristics

The language, customs, social views, artistry, and lifestyles of ethnic groups are known as __________

FALSE

The process by which a culture assimilates, blends with, or adapts to the characteristics and practices of other cultures is called culturalization.

the music is pop with many contemporary influences

There is a great emphasis on youth culture means ______

- early religious, folk, and popular song traditions derived from mainland Europe - early settlers had little exposure to Native American traditions - American settlers were exposed to European classical music through travel - Native American music was deemed primitive, and thus unworthy, by European settlers

Why were European influences dominant in early American music? Select all answers that are true.

motive

a _________ is the smallest group of notes that has an identifiable character

theme

a ___________ is a complete (or relatively complete) musical idea

a global perspective

a greater respect for the lifestyles, traditions, values, and arts of nations and cultures can be achieved through ________

music is mainly performed by unamplified instruments

access to electricity is scarce means _______

Dramatic suite

an arrangement of excerpts from a larger dramatic work

notation

any system of written symbols that instructs a performer how to play a piece of music is called _____

conductor

in a band, chorus, or orchestra, the primary interpreter of a musical work is the _________

dolphin dreams

jonathon goldman was the composer of ________ for his wife while she gave birth

definition of language

method of human communication, either spoken or written

pitch

that rate of speed of sound waves is perceived as ___________

hearing vs. listening

the art of music is so deep and profound that to approach it very seriously only is not enough. one must approach music with a serious vigor and at the same time, with great, affectionate joy."

the music is strongly traditional

the community is very intolerant of outside influencers means _______

classical

the music of western Europe concert tradition is referred to as

- sound and silence organized time - an art than can suggest feelings and images

what are sentences that accurately answer the question, what is music?

modulation

when a piece of music changes key, it has gone through _________

reverberation

when designing a musical space, an engineer will try to balance certain principles, such as resonance and _________