Music 105: Quiz #2

What was the role of Religion during the Middle Ages?

"Age of Faith"- The Catholic Church played a dominant role in medieval life

What is Gregorian Chant (two purposes)?

"Functional music" used for text projection and make service more pleasing to God

Notation specifically used for plucked string instruments

Tablature

Rhythmic values of the subject are increased proportionally

Augmentation

What are the dates of the Renaissance?

1400-1600

When was musical notation first developed?

900 AD

Point-of-imitation technique (polyphonic texture and voices enter one at a time, imitating one another). Smooth melodic contours Consonant sound Syncopation common

A Cappella

Formalized, stylized courtship Unrequited love..."love" between different members of social strata.

Courtly Love

Moderate tempo, duple meter, German origin

Allemande

What are the four core movements of a dance suite?

Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue

Who composed most chant?

Anonymous monks

"Songs" for characters to sing

Arias

Treaty by Philippe de Vitry that allowed greater rhythmic freedom and complexity.

Ars Nova (New Art)

6-voice English Madrigal written in 1601

As Vesta Was Descending

Harpsichord + bass melody instrument (cello or viola de gamba) -Only one line of music is given & both instruments play the same line

Basso Continuo

What did the name middle refer to?

Between Ancient Greek/Roman civilizations and the Renaissance

Work for instrumental soloist and orchestra -three movements (fast-slow-fast)

Concerto

Multiple soloist and orchestra -three movements (fast-slow-fast)

Concerto Grosso

What type of motion was used in gregorian chant?

Conjunct

The families that instruments were grouped into

Consorts

What was favored in Baroque music?

Contrast

The meeting where some Church officials objected to polyphony, theatrical singing, and obscuring of sacred texts

Council of Trent (1545-1563)

Moderate tempo, triple meter, French origin

Courante

Rhythmic values of the subject are decreased proportionally

Diminution

Note-vs-Note style (?)

Discant

Services for monks ad nuns

Divine Office

-English texts -Lighter poetry -Lots of word painting

English Madrigal

Sections where the subject is absent -Modulate to new key for restatement

Episodes

Each voice presents the subject in turn, one at a time, until all voices are in

Exposition

When did the Middle Ages being politically?

Fall of Rome

Keyboard player fills in harmonies using numbers below the bass line that indicate harmonies

Figured Bass

-Group of intellectuals in Florence -Studied ancient Greek writings about arts and literature -Wanted to revive the tradition by making sung drama

Florentine Camerata

Many notes against one note

Florid-style organum

-Imitative polyphony -Alternation of sections featuring the main theme or the subject and sections lacking the subject

Fugue

Fast tempo, compound meter, Irish and English origin

Gigue

-Repeating bass line -Descending chromatic line (represents death, loss, mourning, sorrow -Melody moves freely

Ground Bass aria

First female composer whose works have survived in large numbers. A poet, mystic/visionary, and an abbess

Hildegard of Bingen

Primary philosophical and intellectual trent of the Renaissance Emphasis on the individual instead of the group, interest in the real world and its problems, focus on human achievement/education, less interest in religious matters

Humanism

Subject is turned upside-down

Inversion

-Chief genre of Renaissance secular music -Serious Italian tests in reaction to light-hearted poetry of the frottola -Usually features stark contrasts in imagery -Lots of word painting

Italian Madrigal

Greatest lutenist of his age

John Dowland

The text of an opera

Libretto

Marks between notes to indicate the rhythms

Ligatures

Most popular instrument of the Renaissance

Lute

Composer of the Notre Dame Mass (Messe de Nostre Dame)

Machaut

A secular vocal music composition, usually a partsong, of the Renaissance and early Baroque eras

Madrigal

Public worship service

Mass

Singing more than one note per syllable

Melismatic

Solo voice + basso continuo

Monody

Texture of Troubadour Songs

Monophonic

What is the texture of Gregorian chant?

Monophonic

A short piece of sacred choral music, typically polyphonic and unaccompanied

Motet

Early primitive notation meant only as a memory aid

Neumes

First polyphonic setting of the complete Mass Ordinary by a known composer (written in 1360)

Notre Dame Mass

First repertory to use ligatures

Notre Dame Organum

The first composer to benefit from the Printing Press

Ottaviano Petrucci

Earliest form of polyphony (900-1100) where an extra voice is follows an existing chant in parallel motion

Parallel Organum

The "Mass that Saved Music"

Pope Marcellus Mass

Singing with speech like rhythms-used for dialogue and other speech like patterns

Recitative

Sections where the subject appears in at least one voice

Restatement

Subject is presented backwards

Retrograde

Perpetual motion, persistence

Rhythmic Vitality

Found in the first and third movements of concertos in the baroque era -reoccurring melodic idea played by whole orchestra -constant alternation between orchestra and soloist

Ritornello Form

Slow tempo, triple meter, Spanish origin

Sarabande

Repeating melodic fragments at different pitch levels

Sequential repetition

Overlapping statements of the subject

Stretto

Form in which all verses or stanzas of the text are sung to the same music

Strophic form

Instrumental music inspired by dance music, but meant only for listening and not dancing

Stylized Dance

Singing one note per syllable

Syllabic

Poets/composers from Southern France. Professional artists (most educated and many from the middle classes)

Troubadours

What is the rhythm of Gregorian chant?

Unmeasured

What was most music composed for during this time?

Use in the Catholic Church

Expressing text through music

Word painting