Music 105: Quiz #2
What was the role of Religion during the Middle Ages?
"Age of Faith"- The Catholic Church played a dominant role in medieval life
What is Gregorian Chant (two purposes)?
"Functional music" used for text projection and make service more pleasing to God
Notation specifically used for plucked string instruments
Tablature
Rhythmic values of the subject are increased proportionally
Augmentation
What are the dates of the Renaissance?
1400-1600
When was musical notation first developed?
900 AD
Point-of-imitation technique (polyphonic texture and voices enter one at a time, imitating one another). Smooth melodic contours Consonant sound Syncopation common
A Cappella
Formalized, stylized courtship Unrequited love..."love" between different members of social strata.
Courtly Love
Moderate tempo, duple meter, German origin
Allemande
What are the four core movements of a dance suite?
Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue
Who composed most chant?
Anonymous monks
"Songs" for characters to sing
Arias
Treaty by Philippe de Vitry that allowed greater rhythmic freedom and complexity.
Ars Nova (New Art)
6-voice English Madrigal written in 1601
As Vesta Was Descending
Harpsichord + bass melody instrument (cello or viola de gamba) -Only one line of music is given & both instruments play the same line
Basso Continuo
What did the name middle refer to?
Between Ancient Greek/Roman civilizations and the Renaissance
Work for instrumental soloist and orchestra -three movements (fast-slow-fast)
Concerto
Multiple soloist and orchestra -three movements (fast-slow-fast)
Concerto Grosso
What type of motion was used in gregorian chant?
Conjunct
The families that instruments were grouped into
Consorts
What was favored in Baroque music?
Contrast
The meeting where some Church officials objected to polyphony, theatrical singing, and obscuring of sacred texts
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Moderate tempo, triple meter, French origin
Courante
Rhythmic values of the subject are decreased proportionally
Diminution
Note-vs-Note style (?)
Discant
Services for monks ad nuns
Divine Office
-English texts -Lighter poetry -Lots of word painting
English Madrigal
Sections where the subject is absent -Modulate to new key for restatement
Episodes
Each voice presents the subject in turn, one at a time, until all voices are in
Exposition
When did the Middle Ages being politically?
Fall of Rome
Keyboard player fills in harmonies using numbers below the bass line that indicate harmonies
Figured Bass
-Group of intellectuals in Florence -Studied ancient Greek writings about arts and literature -Wanted to revive the tradition by making sung drama
Florentine Camerata
Many notes against one note
Florid-style organum
-Imitative polyphony -Alternation of sections featuring the main theme or the subject and sections lacking the subject
Fugue
Fast tempo, compound meter, Irish and English origin
Gigue
-Repeating bass line -Descending chromatic line (represents death, loss, mourning, sorrow -Melody moves freely
Ground Bass aria
First female composer whose works have survived in large numbers. A poet, mystic/visionary, and an abbess
Hildegard of Bingen
Primary philosophical and intellectual trent of the Renaissance Emphasis on the individual instead of the group, interest in the real world and its problems, focus on human achievement/education, less interest in religious matters
Humanism
Subject is turned upside-down
Inversion
-Chief genre of Renaissance secular music -Serious Italian tests in reaction to light-hearted poetry of the frottola -Usually features stark contrasts in imagery -Lots of word painting
Italian Madrigal
Greatest lutenist of his age
John Dowland
The text of an opera
Libretto
Marks between notes to indicate the rhythms
Ligatures
Most popular instrument of the Renaissance
Lute
Composer of the Notre Dame Mass (Messe de Nostre Dame)
Machaut
A secular vocal music composition, usually a partsong, of the Renaissance and early Baroque eras
Madrigal
Public worship service
Mass
Singing more than one note per syllable
Melismatic
Solo voice + basso continuo
Monody
Texture of Troubadour Songs
Monophonic
What is the texture of Gregorian chant?
Monophonic
A short piece of sacred choral music, typically polyphonic and unaccompanied
Motet
Early primitive notation meant only as a memory aid
Neumes
First polyphonic setting of the complete Mass Ordinary by a known composer (written in 1360)
Notre Dame Mass
First repertory to use ligatures
Notre Dame Organum
The first composer to benefit from the Printing Press
Ottaviano Petrucci
Earliest form of polyphony (900-1100) where an extra voice is follows an existing chant in parallel motion
Parallel Organum
The "Mass that Saved Music"
Pope Marcellus Mass
Singing with speech like rhythms-used for dialogue and other speech like patterns
Recitative
Sections where the subject appears in at least one voice
Restatement
Subject is presented backwards
Retrograde
Perpetual motion, persistence
Rhythmic Vitality
Found in the first and third movements of concertos in the baroque era -reoccurring melodic idea played by whole orchestra -constant alternation between orchestra and soloist
Ritornello Form
Slow tempo, triple meter, Spanish origin
Sarabande
Repeating melodic fragments at different pitch levels
Sequential repetition
Overlapping statements of the subject
Stretto
Form in which all verses or stanzas of the text are sung to the same music
Strophic form
Instrumental music inspired by dance music, but meant only for listening and not dancing
Stylized Dance
Singing one note per syllable
Syllabic
Poets/composers from Southern France. Professional artists (most educated and many from the middle classes)
Troubadours
What is the rhythm of Gregorian chant?
Unmeasured
What was most music composed for during this time?
Use in the Catholic Church
Expressing text through music
Word painting