Music 139 Final
Triggerman
3 musical features: the bones element, trigger element, and dragnet theme
Hip-Hop Shop
7-Mile Road, center of underground hip-hop community Proof and Eminem rap battle Referenced popular Detroit rappers: this is the lineage that they are coming from. Respecting the craft and tradition of local scene
Outkast
Andre 3000 and Big Boi, entered Dungeon Family at 17 Signed to LaFace in 1992 Pioneers of Atlanta-oriented hardcore hip-hop
"La Raza"
Aritst: Kid Frost Unit: Issues/identities Worked with Ice-T and Tony G (chicano producer) Celebrating ethnic pride
"Battle Cry"
Artist: Angel Haze feat. Sia Angel Haze talks about child abuse
--"Na Who Mad"
Artist: Big Freedia "Sissy Bounce" triggerman??
--"Recipe of a Hoe"
Artist: Boss Location: Detroit Not your average female, she will get violent with you. Revenge fantasy against misogynistic men Signifies on Geto Boys "You gotta let a ho be a ho"
--"Keep it Coochie"
Artist: Cakes da Killa Unit: Issues/identities Flipping the script on terms like bitch, wifey, coochie, freak
--"Pusha Man...Paranoia"
Artist: Chance the Rapper Location: Chicago Inspired by Curtis Mayfield's Pusherman Again, talking about Chicago's violence Chicago Rap Collective led by Chance the Rapper
"I Used to Love H.E.R."
Artist: Common Location: Chicago Producer: No I.D. Rapping about rap Changed once it became about violence and gangs. Ambivalence about commercialization of hip hop H.E.R = Hearing Every Rhyme
"The Neighborhood"
Artist: Common ft Lil Herb & Cocaine 80s Location: Chicago Hyperghetto Addresses violence and high crime rate in Chicago. Making the dumb choice of joining gangs Curtis Mayfield Sample "The Neighborhood"
"Chi Town"
Artist: Da Brat Location: Chicago Producer: Kanye West Features sample from Tyrone Davis "Really Gonna Miss You" from 1979 First female rapper to go platinum
"Scrap or Die"
Artist: Danny Brown Influenced by Ghettotech
--"I Am"
Artist: Deep Dick Collective Unit: Issues/identities Deep Dick Collective founded by Juba Kalamka, Tim'm T. West, Philip Atiba Goff (from Oakland)
--"Bankhead Bounce"
Artist: Diamond feat. D-Roc (Ying Yang Twins) Location: Atlanta Hydraulics After the housing projects in Bankhead, Atlanta
"The Real Slim Shady"
Artist: Eminem Location: Detroit Producer: Dr. Dre Put Detroit on the map, launched careers
"Cell Therapy"
Artist: Goodie Mob Producer: Organized Noize Unit: Issues/identities Raps about 1099s Paranoia and Distrust of Government
"Dirty South"
Artist: Goodie Mob feat. Big Boi Location: Atlanta Producer: Organized Noize GOOD DIE MOstly over Bullshit Coined Dirty South on this album Publicized Atlanta's rap scene
--"Buck Jump Time" (Project Rap)
Artist: Gregory D and DJ Mannie Fresh Location: New Orleans Stylistically inspired by second line rhythms (cowbells, snares, cymbals) 112 bpm
"D.O.A"
Artist: Jay Z Producer: No I.D. Unit: Issues/identities Jay-Z is singing super out-of-tune This is anti auto-tune/death of the ringtone/This ain't for iTunes/ This ain't for sing-alongs Samples Janko Nilovic and Dave Sucky "In the Space" psychadelic jazz Death Cab for Cutie wore light blue lapels to campaign against autotune
"Otis"
Artist: Jay Z and Kanye West Unit: Issues/identities Acknowledged by Jay-Z that it is more about capitalism Prompts listeners "sounds so soulful, don't you agree?" Refashioning of automobile (aftermarket upgrades) symbol of reworking of capitalist structures
"Murder to Excellence"
Artist: Jay Z and Kanye West Unit: Issues/identities Two important samples: "Fetele de la Capalna" a Romanian folk children choir song and "Katutoka Corrine" by Quincy Jones from The Color Purple soundtrack Bridges commercial rap with international audience by sampling Romanian music. Katutoka Corrine signals a celebration of excellence. "Na Na Na Corrine" accelerated to sound like money.
"3rd Ward Solja"
Artist: Juvenile feat. Big Tymers and Magnolia Shorty Location: New Orleans Producer: Mannie Fresh
"Love Lockdown"
Artist: Kanye West Unit: Issues/identities Electro pop, autotune, roland 808 beats
"New Slaves"
Artist: Kanye West Unit: Issues/identities Ties contemporary capitalism to slavery Hood dreams of bentleys, fur coats, chains, etc. Rather be a jerk to express the truth and get criticized than a swallower
"I"
Artist: Kendrick Lamar Producer: Rahki Unit: Issues/identities Samples "That Lady" by the Isley Brothers (1973) Album version is like a live recording, talking to the audience; Performance is interrupted by a fight, taking place in Compton Album version has "Negus" at the end. Oprah has a negative stance towards the N word. Single version is quite polished. It was first, but did not solve any problems
"The Blacker the Berry"
Artist: Kendrick Lamar feat Assassin Unit: Issues/identities Producers: Boi-1da, Stephen Kozmeniuk, and Terrace Martin Racialized self-hatred Violence within own black communities Last line: He has killed his own people before
"Call to Arms"
Artist: Latyrx Unit: Issues/identities Latyrx = Lyrics Born (JapAm) + Lateef the Truthspeaker
--"Black Rage"
Artist: Lauryn Hill Unit: Issues/identities Samples "My Favorite Things", signifies on the white girls in white dresses, snowflakes, eyelashes, etc. Dedicated to Michael Brown and released in 2014 Talks about the anger on discrimination Black rage is founded on two-thirds a person
"Dis Ain't What You Want"
Artist: Lil Durk Location: Chicago Producer: Paris Bueller Haters gonna hate him Talks about other rappers being jealous about him
"Georgia...Bush"
Artist: Lil Wayne and DJ Drama Location: New Orleans Heavily criticized for how long it took to respond to FEMA. Calling him a pussy
"Tha Block is Hot"
Artist: Lil Wayne feat. B.G. and Juvenile Location: New Orleans Producer: Mannie Fresh Part of the Block Party Culture Has triggerman in it gunshots/sirens/screams Vocalizes and embodies the 'hood in New Orleans
"Georgia"
Artist: Ludacris feat. Field Mob Location: Atlanta Sampled Georgia on my Mind from Ludacris Rapping about their small city Albany from Georgia
"Learn Chinese"
Artist: MC Jin Unit: Issues/identities Proud to be chinese Engaging race head on
--"My FEMA People"
Artist: Mia X Response to Hurricane Katrina that equated it to warzones, man-made catastrophes
"She's a Bitch"
Artist: Missy Elliot Producer: Timbaland Unit: Issues/identities Reappropriation of the word Bitch as a power word: female knowing what she wants and going after it. Employs blackface in her video (to check) Anti-anti-essentialism: Bitch + Alien (super-black) + cowboy (gender and race bending)
--"Battmann Let Mo-Jo Handle It"
Artist: Mo-Jo Location: Atlanta Responding to Atlanta AfAm child murders in late 1970s Early 80s Batman electro rap Style: New-York wannabeism (Sugar Hill Gang), not super Atlantish
"Anaconda"
Artist: Nicki Minaj Unit: Issues/identities Samples Sir Mix A Lot "Baby Got Back", intro to Anaconda in 1992
"Player's Ball"
Artist: Outkast Producer: Organized Noize Raps about a Player's ball (annual gathering of pimps) that they attended on Christmas Day Southern accents, slang Originally supposed to be a Christmas song Pioneers of Atlanta-oriented hardcore hip-hop
"Da Science"
Artist: Proof Location: Detroit Producer: J Dilla J Dilla was barebones old school sample driven Motown influence Acid rap
"Do It"
Artist: Rasheeda feat. Quebo Gold, Pastor Troy, and Re-Re Location: Atlanta Start of Crunk (up-tempo Southern subgenre, to crank up)
"Real MVP"
Artist: Siya Unit: Issues/identities Named Rapper to Watch Stars in Oxygen's "Sisterhood of Hip-Hop"
"Sensual Seduction"
Artist: Snoop Dogg Unit: Issues/identities Autotune
"Drag Rap" (basis of bounce)
Artist: The Showboys Location: New Orleans Triggerman at the start Samples the theme song of Dragnet (1950 detective series) Described as the Musical Rosetta Stone of Dat Beat
--"Tell the Children"
Artist: Tink Location: Chicago Producer: Timbaland Reaction to Grand Jury's decision not to indict Darren WIlson for the shooting of Michael Brown
"Queering the Mic"
Bounce and the Queer Scene: block parties, clubs, Katey Red Missy Elliot queering hip-hop language Linguistic gestures: Queen from Queen Latifah Baddest Bitch from Trina Boss Bitch Lola Monroe Gossip at the start of Gossip Folks in Missy Elliot's video
"Queering the Mic": Homo Hop
Catch-all term for LGBTQ rappers Deep Dick Collective (I am a blackman you scared to clap for in I Am) Jenro from South SF, embraces the contradictions of her sexuality and her gangsta consciousness Mykki Blanko who has a genderqueer /gender fluid identity Siya and Cakes Da Killa Same Love by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis: ft Mary Lambert singing about her experiences growing up as a lesbian in a conservative Christian family
Second Line
Celebrating life of departed. Very common in West Africa First line = marching band Second line = revelers celebrating life of the departed Usually a brass band that has a distinct sound
Evolution of autotune in music
Cher "Believe" produced by Mark Taylor in 1998. Jennifer Lopez used it for "If You Had My Love Remix" Snoop Dogg "Sensual Seduction" in 2008 Young Jeezy ft Kanye West "Put On" in 2008 Auto tune as mask to distance one from vocal hypermasculinity, speech-song continuum to sing your own hooks and make rapping more melodic Lil Wayne "Prostitute" in 2007
Chiraq
Chicago referred to as the murder capital Cook County: highest concentration of AfAm nationwide, with a growing Latina popualtion Referred to as the second city to NY Warzone Plan for Transformation led to re-housing and pushed many poor AfAms to the suburbs Chief Keef was involved in gangs such as Black Disciples, and 3hunna. There were other gangs like 6hunna and lamron. Artistes are actually really involved in gang activity, as opposed to NWA in L.A. wasn't a subset of the Crips or the Bloods
SAVEMONEY
Collective led by Chance the Rapper and Vic Mesa Opposing example to drill: paranoia and vulnerability. Talking about fear Artists from Chicago's West Side and South Side, with a trippy/jazzy sound
Cool Pose
Complex Cool Pose - talks about the conflicts of black American masculinity instead of concealing them. Also a way that hip hop artistes acknowledge their disparity as privileged and agents of capitalism that other folks don't even have the opportunity of Hip-Hop Sonic Cool Pose - theoretical approach to understanding relationship between sound, black masculinity and commodification. Using autotune to distance themselves from the expected 'hardness' of a characteristically black masculine sound Vocal Cool Pose - Voice as primary musical signifier of the body Bell Hooks describes it as an expression of black masculinity that takes the power back "All this shit happened.. but I was cool" Looking your best, but not even trying that hard Jay-Z and Kanye West "Otis" Jay-Z and Kanye West "Murder to Excellence"
Trap
Dark and brooding bass sounds "Oh!" male screams Beats that emphasize dark and cold nature of dope trade (crunk is for dancing, trap music is for riding) Super syncopated high hats. Clasps in that too Soul-music samples in trap (changing the tonal harmony) Hard-driving bass-laced with heavy synthetic beats (snare), "Oh!" male screams
Horrorcore / Acid Rap / Psycho Rap
Detroit based subgenre that is about extreme paranoia, extreme violence Hallucinogenic style of hip-hop founded by Esham Boss "Recipe of a Hoe" Almost synonymous with acid rap (psychedelic raps) Inspired Tech N9ne, Eminem, Insane Clown Posse
Ghettotech
Electro Dance sound, fast mixing Influence of Techno, booty music and psychadelic Danny Brown from Detroit Fast paced saying crazy things
Dirty South
Expression that refers to a lot of ways that the South is dirty: actual uncleanliness, politics/corruption, historical/world dirt of the roots wordplay, racism, overtly sexual overtones in the music, corrupt police force (Red Dogs) Law enforcement as an extension of a corrupt and racist power structure, linking New South to Old South Opposition to binary portrayals of female life
LaFace
Founded in 1989 by Antonio M. Reid and Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds Mid-range small labels
Got Bars
Free 10-week program helps participants learn to write and record music in a studio, "life skills", media literacy, etc.
Drill
From Southside of Chicago Trap-influenced beats and violent lyrical content Super young artistes: Lil Durk, Lil Herb, Sasha Go Hard, Katie Got Bandz
Hurricane Katrina
Hit New Orleans in August 29, 2005 City's levees failed, flooding 80% of the city, causing $80B in damage AfAm looting and a white person taking what they need to survive (blurred lines between victims and perpetrators) Unsubstantiated discussions in what was happening in the Superdome Governor Kathleen Blanco said, "Troops are more than willing to do what is necessary." Militarization of police and community was the enemy like how it was in Compton Responses to Hurricane Katrina that equated it to warzones, man-made catastrophes (Mia X's My Fema People). Linked also to cities of economic exploitation and oil industry (Beirut and Iraq) 5th Ward Weebie's song started with hold message from FEMA. Feminization as degradation: Katrina as "hoe" and "bitch". Master P and 504 Boyz were angry with "refugee designation" K-Otix, group from Houston, raps over Kanye West's Gold Digger song (Calling Bush as someone who doesn't care about black people) Bounce artists channeled fear and anger of evacuees, horror of those left behind
Detroit
In the 1950s, 150k manufacturing jobs lost to the suburbs for technology, increased automation Known for other genres like Motown in 1950s, Parliament Funk in 1970s, and Techno Influence
Footworking
Involves fast movement of feet with twists and turns and is part of a battle Turf dancing is to hyphy as footworking is to chopper rap (Midwest rap style)
Bankhead
Neighborhood named after Bankhead Highway Housing projects replaced old residents with mixed-income housing Bankhead bounce (moving arms with chest) in Atlanta like how turf dancing in Oakland
Mardi Gras
New Orleans. Mardi Gras Indian - carnivalesque Secrecy, ranking structure of parade groups like a parody of royalty (King, Queen, etc) Subverting dominant structure or normal structures of power Mardi Gras Indians named themselves after Native Indians to pay them respect for helping them escape Call and response. Sexual taunts. Gender-bending Young Money flipping up the script
Hypermasculinity: Lupe Fiasco "Bitch Bad"
Producer: Jason Boyd Bitch Bad, Woman Good, Lady Better Who's to blame? Comparison to Blackface Minstrelsy
Hypermasculinity: Missy Elliot "Gossip Folks" "She's A Bitch"
Producer: Timbaland Album: Da Real World (1999) Reappropriation of the word "Bitch" as a power word: female knowing what she wants and going after it. Employs blackface in her video (to check) Anti-anti-essentialism: Bitch + Alien (super-black) + cowboy (gender and race bending)
So So Def
Putting out acts during the period when hip-hop Atlanta didn't really sound like it was from Atlanta
Hypermasculinity: A$AP Rocky ft 2 Chainz, Drake, Kendrick Lamar, "Problems"
Reinforces biblical Eve complex (bad bitches are the problem) Asap's verse owning women and taking them by force, wealth as masculinity Drake: ownership of physical bodies (shit you talking about is not up for discussion) Kendrick: Yea ho this is the finale (feminization as degradation)
Scrapping
Scrap metal that is exported to China Hazardous for scrappers Population decreased since 1950s from deindustralization Danny Brown "Scrap or Die"
Buck Jump
Second-line dancing Mostly movement of the feet Led to birth of hip-hop in New Orleans. "Buck Jump Time" by Gregory D. and Mannie Fresh started it all
Signifyin' on the system
Signifying: using the language of the dominant culture, exploiting the space between literal and figurative, creating in-crowds and outcrowds of understanding Hip-Hop Signifies on Commercial/Capitalist culture (uses the system to subvert the system)
History of autotune
Since the advent of recorded sound (phonograph), disrupted relationship between voice and body, sound and subject. Attempts to make recordings sound more natural using pitch correction Invented by Andy Hildebrand in 1996, introduced to Pro Tools in 1997 Saves production time Adjustment time is zero Original program has two modes: graphical and automatic; Newest versions have "Live mode"
Decatur
Six miles east of downtown Atlanta Most ethnically diverse county in Georgia Shyran's showcase (owned by Shyran Blakeley) Dungeon family: musical collective, with Organized Noize, Outkast, Goodie Mob, Big Rube, Future
SWATS
Southwest Atlanta Too Strong (term popularized by Outkast) Home of rap-oriented clubs like Sans Souci, Club Illusions, and Jellybeans Skating Rink
Freaknik
Started in the 1980s as a picnic, shut down in the 2000s Peaked in 1994s when 200k people attended and took over streets Associated with looting and harassment and assault of women A lot of Southern artists got their start here
Autotune
T-Pain represents commercialization of hip-hop in the context of autotune in hip hop Auto-tune = commercialization (T Pain's "I Am T-Pain" app) + bad in hip-hop Jay-Z: "Death of Autotune" produced by No I.D. (from Chicago) where Jay-Z is singing super out-of-tune Lil Durk says you can feel it. It makes you feel a type of way for real
Bounce
Triggerman (built off drag rap). Call and response (super repetitive). Saying outrageous things Shouting out taunts, "F*ck David Duke", "F*ck the 5-0" (white nationalist) "Rhythmic complexity, call and response, entertaining despite repetition" Obscene language Magnolia Shorty called Queen of Bounce DJ Crew Culture from New York (Party-Oriented) West Indian Chants (Carnival) Second Line Revelry (Funerals)
Crunk
Uptempo music with powerful low bass sounds cross-rhythms created by hi-hats or handclaps Evolved out of Atlanta Bass Scene Lil John joined East Side Boys in 1996 Similar to Bounce, but based on hooks Two songs influenced by Crunk: Rasheeda feat. Quebo Gold, Pastor Troy, and Re-Re "Do It" and Ludacris feat. Field Mob "Georgia"
Moral panic
presents an exaggerated threat to the social order as a way to draw attention away from the flaws and cracks in that order
