My ultrasound tutor lesson 4

what is documented in the image below?

IUD

what is the most common benign mass of the cervix?

Nabothian cyst -Mass does not necessarily mean tumor. It just means a focal structure that isn't normal

leiomyoma is known to be...

the most common gyn tumor

what is the serosal layer of the uterus in blatant terms

the outer surface

How does the uterus appear with a intramural myoma?

the whole uterus will appear bulk but it will not directly change the contour

what cyst is often found along the vaginal wall

vaginal gartner duct cyst

describe a intramural myoma

with in the muscle wall of the uterus

a pedunculated fibroid is most likely to cause what clinical symptom

abdominal distention or pelvic pressure

what will a pedunculated fibroid often resemble?

a adnexal mass

if a fibroid is close or impinging on the uterus what clinical symptom is most likely?

abnormal bleeding

what is a focal mass like adenomyosis called?

adenomyoma

invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium explains what pathology of the uterus

adenomyosis

small myometrial cystic areas, thickening of myo, abnormal bleeding and dysmenorrhea all describe what condition?

adenomyosis

what is this image of?

adenomyosis

dysmenorrhea, menometorrhagia, pelvic pain, dysparenuria, multiparious are all clicak indicators of what uterine pathology?

adenomyosis of the uterus

what clinical symptoms often appear with nabothian cysts

asymptomatic

describe a nabothian cyst

benign retention cyst within the cervix

Describe a leiomyoma

benign smooth muscle turmor arising from the muscular layer

what is the most likely clinical symptom of a submucosal fibroid?

bleeding issues because of the close contact with the endo

what is the most common female malignancy found under the age of 50

cervical carcionoma

what else may we see in the posterior uterus in a patient with adenomyosis

cystic spaces scattered throughout the myometrium causing edge shadowing ie linear striations

when fluid or separation occurs at the level of the cesarian scar what is this known as

dehiscense/defect

what will the appearance of the myometrium be in adenomyosis

diffusely heterogeneous

how would multiple myomas appear in the uterus on US

diffusely heterogeneous, bulky and enlarged uterus

what is the sonographic appearance of an IUD

echogenic linear echo with posterior shadowing or reverb artifact

leiomyomas are stimulated by...

estrogen

what is a leiomyoma also known as

fibroid

adenomyosis is an increased risk for patients with what other uterine abnormality?

fibroids

what is the sonographic app of cervical carcinoma

hetero, enlarged cervix or focal mass in the cervix

sonographically describe a leiomyoma

hypoechoic mass with poor through transmission

How are we able to tell if a myoma is submucosal or not?

if the fibroid is distroting the contour of the endo it i submucosal

where is a IUD normally seen when in the correct place?

in the endometrial cavity located where you would measure the endo

if leiomyomas are stimulated by estrogen, what happens to myomas during pregnancy

increase in size

what type of myoma is this?

intramural

what is the most common type of leiomyoma

intramural myoma

what is the name of the device placed in the uterine cavity to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg

intrauterine device

how can we identify what a subserosal myoma looks like on ultrasound

it will distort the outer contour

what pathology is the leading cause of hysterectomy and gyn surgery

leiomyoma/fibroids

what is the malignant form of a fibroid

leiomyosarcoma

leiomyomas may impact fertility depending on what factors?

location, size and number

what is a firbroid often referred to as?

myoma

what is a common and often incidental finding in the cervix?

nabothian cyst

a patient is referred to US to confim IUD placement. what best desribes the best normal finding?

reverb artifact within the cavity extending to the fundus

how does a cesarian section scar typically appear?

slight indentation of the isthmus

what type of fibroid is this?

submucosal

which type of myoma grows just under the endometrial layer

submucosal

what is the best way to remember what type of myomas distor the contour?

subs distort the contour- think the U in sub is the distorted contour

what type of myoma grows under the serosal layer?

subserosal

what type of myoma is this?

subserosal

what imaging modality is used in the diagnosis of adenomyosis?

MRI

a type of subserosal myoma that grows out and attaches by a stalk is termed?

pedunculated

if a myoma is big what is the patient more likely to complain about?

pelvic distention, pressure, urinary frequency

what population is a leiomyosarcoma typically found in?

perimenopausal and postmenopausal

what is the most common area of thickening of the uterus in adenomyosis

posterior uterine thickening

what is the distinguishing trait of a leiomyosarcoma?

rapid increase in growth

what artifact is most likely seen with an IUD

reverb