mycology lab exam

trichophyton species

characterized by long, thin walled, sooth, blunt-ended, macroconidia with 2-10 septa. microconidia are smooth and abundant morphologically indistinguishable between species do hair perforation and thiamine-enhanced growth tests.

phialide

a cell that produces conidia extruding them in chains

annellide

a cell that produces conidia by extruding them in chains release of each conidium leaves a ring like scar

coccidioides immitis mycelial phase

barrel shaped arthroconidia with alternatin spaces that are characteristic of coccidioides. when the hyphae break into single fragments of conidia, small tags remain attached at corners, enabling the conidia to easily move in air currents. *compare the arthroconidia of cocidioides with those of geotrichum

alternaria culture

black with white hair layer that is very thick and fuzzy

Sporothrix schneckii

causes sporotrichosis "rose gardner's disease" dimorphic room temp= thin, delicate septate hyphae with floral like arrangements of conidia 37C = elongated yeast cells with cigar shaped buds grows in yeast form in infected cells subcutaneous fungi

Malessezia furfur

causes tinea versicolor can see both yeast and hyphal forms superficial skin infection

penicillium

chains of conidia arise from the branched conidiophore resulting in a paint brush arrangement phialides produce chains of conidia on conidiophores conidia are called phialoconidia compare this to aspergillus and scopulariopsis (has larger and less conidia)

Aspergillus

chains of conidia on phialides arising from a swollen vesicle opportunistic fungus have conidioophores with vesicles on which phialides produce chains of conidia conidia are called phialoconidia because they are produced by phialides

microsporum canis

characteristic spindle shaped, thick walled macroconidia have up to 15 septa macroconidia have rough, thick walls, and 7+ septa microconidia may be present

alternaria

characterized by chains or groups of large dematiaceous club-shaped conidia conidia show traverse and longitudinal segmentation (vertical and horizontal) conidia are called proconidia because they are extruded through a pre-formed pore

trichophyton mentagrophytes

cigar shaped, thin walled, macroconidia abundant microconidia coiled hyphae are characteristic hair perforation +

trichophyton rubrum

cigar shaped, thin walled, macroconidia abundant microconidia culture can be bright red in color (but so can other species) arthroconidia formed (asexual conidia produced by differentiation and fragmentation of hyphae without marked swelling of the hypal wall hair perforation negative

ascomycetes

classifcation based on sexual reproduction septate hyphae these are the sexual spores or ascospores that characterize the class of ascomycetes the two celled ascospores are produced in a sac like structure called an ascus penicillium aspergillus and true yeasts are in this class alternaria scopulariopsis *see phone picture

zygomycetes

classification based on sexual reproduction all zygomycetes have relatively wide, colorless, non-septate, hyphae. asexual= sporangiospores that are held in a sac called a sporangium that his held on a sporangiophore thick walled dark colored zygospore, formed from the fusion of two aseptate hyphae, characterized the class zygomycetes rhizopus mucor absidia are members of zygomycetes

Basidiomycetes

classification based on sexual reproduction the brown basidiospore, formed on a base called a basidium, characterized the class basidiomycetes mushrooms, rusts, smuts and the encapsulated yeast Crytococcus neoformans are basidiomycetes

mucor culture

clear, splots of white, long hairs, dark white spots

microsporum gypseum

dermatophyte characteristc ellipsoidal macroconidia usually have 4-6 septa blunt, ellipsoidal macroconidia have thin and smooth walls and fewer than 6 septa microconidia may be present hyaline rough wall of microconidia

epidermophyton floccosum

dermatophyte only species of the genus the characteristic club-shaped macroconidia have 2-4 septa and occur in groups of 2-3, or on their own unlike other dermatophytes, it has NO MICROconidia

saprophytes

environmental fungi aspergillus mucor alternaria penicillium rhizopus scopulariopsis

dermatophytes

fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails/keratin tissue presence of hyphae in skin scrapings indicates infection epidermophyton microsporum trichophyton characteristic fungal hypae in skin scrapings hyphae= look for branching, parallel walls and septa need more than microscopy to identify species

mucor

like the other zygomycetes mucor has non-septate hyphae and produces sporangia filled with sporangiospores differs from rhizopus because it lacks rhizoids

rhizopus

like the other zygomycetes rhizopus has non-septate hyphae and produces sporangia filled with sporangiospores characterized by root-like structures called rhizoids at the base of the sporangiospore huge opportunistic fungi

rhizopus culture

long white fibers with black dots attached

agents that cause mycetoma

mycetoma= chronic inflammation of the tissues caused by infection with a fungus or with certain bacteria. two types of mycetoma -actinomycotic is caused by bacteria -eumycotic is caused by fungi look for sulfur granule*in picture* (a small mass containing the infectious agent and host materials) be able to identify the type of mycetoma -bacteria much smaller

scopulariopsis culture

powdery brown layer, yellow growth

scopulariopsis

relatively large, rough, lemon shaped conidia occur in the chain on branched and unbranched conidiophores have finger like conidiophores with annellides that produce chains of relatively large rough conidia annellides are like phialides except that ring like scars form when each conidium is released conidia are called annelloconidia because the produce annellides compare size of these to penicillium

deuteromycetes

septate only asexual aspergillus penicillium

Sporothrix mycelial phase

subcutaneous

blastomyces mycelial phase

subcutaneous

coccidioides tissue

subcutaneous

histoplasma mycelial phase

subcutaneous

paracoccidioides mycelial phase

subcutaneous

trichophyton tonsurans

undistinguishable morphology thiamine enhanced growth sometimes perforates hair

blastomyces tissue

yeast form

paracoccidioides tissue

yeast phase

Aspergillus culture

yellow-ish think layer of hair

penicillium culture

yellow-organge. really thick, short, white hair. grew down into agar