n

Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him, included:

Henry L. Gantt Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Job enrichment is most closely related to

Herzberg's higher-level motivators

The Management by Objectives system is most effective in BLANK situations that allow long-range planning.

stable

The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by

Frederick Herzberg

According to Ouchi's research about the effect of national culture on organizations, Type BLANK management relies on individual decision making and achievement.

A

Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?

Drucker's Goal-setting theory

What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?

Benefit the worker Increase worker productivity Benefit the firm

The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?

Drucker's goal-setting theory

Which is not an element of scientific management?

Human factors

Which element in the work environment was found to be dissatisfying when not present, but when present did not serve as a motivator for workers?

Job security

What two theories concentrate on managers' attitudes and assumptions about workers?

McGregor's Theory Y McGregor's Theory X

Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.

People like to work. People seek responsibility.

Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?

Scientific

Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?

Sense of achievement

According to Herzberg's study, which of the following were listed by workers as among the top 5 factors that create motivation instead of being dissatisfiers on the job?

Sense of achievement Earned recognition for a job

Frederick Taylor wrote:

The Principles of Scientific Management

A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under Blank______, while a manager that views most employees as lazy, is operating under Blank______.

Theory Y; Theory X

Gen Xers seek economic security by doing which of the following?

They focus on career security and change jobs to find it

What feature of self-managed teams allows them to improve productivity?

They have the freedom to make decisions.

What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?

To reward the accomplishment of organization goals To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation To monitor the results of implementing goals

True or false: Frederick Taylor's studies were the foundation of Henry Gantt's chart development.

True

Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory

X manager

Vroom's expectancy theory states that the

amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome

The belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:

an intrinsic reward

Gen X managers generally:

are good at allowing workers to have autonomy to get the job done give employees good feedback value results rather than hours at work

The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:

productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions

An employee that is part of Generation X is likely to

be more concerned with economic and career security

Equity theory states that employees:

compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions perceptions of fairness affect motivation try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it

When using MBO, a manager must do which of the following?

develop commitment to goals formulate goals cooperatively with employees

To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:

developing workers' skills allowing autonomy respecting workers

Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the ______ of scientific management:

father

The workers in Herzberg's studies found which three factors of the job environment were not motivators for them?

friendly supervisors job security pay

Characteristics of the Millennial Generation include:

having been raised by indulgent parents always having the Internet in their world having cell phones

Management by objectives works best

in stable situations

Management by objectives means that managers

include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated

The workers in Herzberg's studies found which three factors of the job environment were not motivators for them?

job security pay friendly supervisors

Managers must recognize that motivating individuals today requires:

knowing that generations have different cultures understanding of different cultures within a country familiarity with a variety of cultures from around the world

In a recent survey, what reason was given by nearly half of the respondents when asked what their reason was for changing jobs?

lack of appreciation

A system of goal setting and implementation designed by Peter Drucker is called

management by objective

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide

motivation

Herzberg studied the relationship between

motivation and job-related factors

According to Herzberg, interest in the work itself is a(n)

motivator

Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's Blank______ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.

motivators

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people

naturally like to work

Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:

no longer motivate

More people leave their jobs for:

opportunities to advance their careers

When implementing management by objectives it is a manager's responsibility to involve everyone, commit employees to the goals, monitor progress, and BLANK accomplishments

praise

During the first set of Hawthorne Experiments,

researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity

Gen X managers understand that:

results are more important than hours spent in the workplace there is more to life than work flexibility and consensus building work well

The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:

rewarding employee accomplishments setting goals with the employee

Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called

scientific management

The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is the principle of

scientific management

Taylor's method was to:

study the most efficient way to do a task teach people the one best way to do their jobs determine the one "best" way

The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because:

the findings were used to set standards and goals

Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method?

time rules of work methods

A BLANK BLANK study occurs when a manager observes workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use

time motion

Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are referred to as

time-motion

According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as

wishing to avoid responsibility