National 5 Biology- Life on Earth Test Revision

Community

All the populations in an area

Secondary consumers

Carnivores. Obtain energy from eating primary consumers

Ecosystem

Consists of all the living and non living components in an area

Producer

Green plant capable of using energy from the sun to produce food

Population

Group of organisms of the same type in an area

Primary consumers

Herbivores. Obtain energy from eating producers

Biotic Factors

Living factors such as disease, food availability, grazing and predators

Essential element in all food chains

Nitrogen

Abiotic Factors

Non living factors such as pH, light intensity and temeprature

Habitat

Place where an organism lives

Biomes

Regions of the planet distinguished by their climate, flora and fauna

Pyramid of biomass

Shows that the mass of the organism falls as you go along the food chain, so the producers will have the highest living mass and the secondary consumer will have the lowest living mass

Pyramid of numbers

Shows that the number of organisms falls as you go along the food chain, but the size of the organism tends to get bigger

Pyramid of energy

Shows that the quantity of energy falls as you go along the food web, with the greatest energy found in producers and the least in secondary consumers. This is because energy is lost at each level

Biodiversity

The range of different species in an area. The greater the number of species, the higher the biodiversity will be

Niche

The role played by an organism within the community. This includes how it makes use of the resources such as light, temperature and nutrients. It also includes how organisms interact with other organisms including competition, predation and parasitism