NBE SCIENCE-SET #8
Which of the following chemicals are used as preservatives in arterial formulations? 1 - CHO(CH₂)₃CHO 2 - Sodium salt of EDTA 3 - HCHO 4 - CH₃COCH₃
1 and 3 only
The conversion of bilirubin to biliverdin: 1 - is an oxidation/reduction reaction (formaldehyde is oxidized, bilirubin is reduced) 2 - is more likely when high index solutions of HCHO are used 3 - is more likely when high index solutions of CHO(CH₂)₃CHO are used 4 - is undesirable because the body turns a green color
1, 2 & 4 only
Which of the following are actions of preservative chemicals: 1 - inactivate chemical groups of proteins and/or amino acids 2 - inhibit decomposition 3 - inactivate enzymes 4 - kill microorganisms 5 - destroy odors and eliminate their further production
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Which of the following are reactions associated with formaldehyde? 1 - exists in water as methylene glycol 2 - is prevented from polymerization to paraformaldehyde by the presence of methanol 3 - preserves amino acids without coagulation 4 - denatures, preserves and coagulates proteins 5 - causes the saponification of fats 6 - causes biliverdin to turn into bilirubin
1, 2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following have been used as vehicles in arterial fluids? 1 - water 2 - glycerol 3 - methanol
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are used as vehicles in embalming fluids: 1-C₆H₅OH 2 - CH₃OH 3 - H₂O 4 - CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
2 and 3 only
Estimated Shelf-Life for embalming chemicals: 3 - 8 years 6 months to a year 1 - 2 months 2 - 5 years
2-5 years
The percentage by weight of formaldehyde in formalin is:
37%
Which of the following classes of compound is formed by the partial oxidation of a primary alcohol: Aldehyde Ketone Ether Ester
Aldehyde
What is the basic unit (parent structure) of all aromatic compounds?
Benzene
The mixture of formaldehyde with household bleach will create a deadly carcinogenic agent know as:
Bis-chloromethyl Ether
What type of embalming fluids contain high concentrations of disinfectants and preservatives but generally lack active dyes and other modifying agents?
Cavity fluids
Which of these compounds is an inorganic acid when dissolved in water?
HCl
Which of the following is NOT a hazardous substance used in embalming fluids? Formaldehyde Hydrogen hydroxide Methanol Acetone
Hydrogen Hydroxide
Identify the inorganic base from this list (all numbers are subscripts): NaCl H2SO4 LiOH HCl
LiOH
Formaldehyde in water in a closed system such as an embalming fluid bottle, actually exists as:
Methylene Glycol - HCHO + H₂0> CH₂(OH)₂
Which of the following are true of reactions with formaldehyde? 1 - Exists in water as ethylene glycol 2 - Preserves lipids by coagulation 3 - Converts biliverdin to bilirubin.
None of these are true of formaldehyde
Two or more atoms of different elements in chemical combination(acting as a unit) that has lost or gained an electron forms a/n? Example: NH₄+
Polyatomic ion
Which of the following would NOT be found in a pre-injection fluid? a high concentration of formaldehyde anticoagulants water conditioning agents a low concentration of preservatives
a high concentration of formaldehyde
A compound called a salt is:
a product of the neutralization reaction
Reacting an acid with a base yields:
a salt and water
Adipocere is chemically most similar to
a soap
The substance that an enzyme acts upon is:
a substrate
Which of these is the function of EDTA in arterial fluids? act as a buffer add fullness to the tissues function as a disinfectant reduce surface tension of water in the injection solution
act as a buffer
Which of the following would NOT normally be present in a cavity fluid? germicides preservatives coagulants active dyes
active dyes
Which of the following would NOT normally be present in a cavity fluid? Germicides Active dyes Preservatives Coagulants
active dyes
Ammonia dissolved in water is a(n) ____ solution.
alkaline
Which of the following are used as vehicles in arterial fluids? CH₃OH CH₂OHCHOHCH₂OH H₂O All of these
all of these
Spilled formaldehyde can be treated with ___ to produce a harmless product that can be easily disposed of. This can be a standard procedure for neutralizing major spills.
ammonia
Sodium citrate, when used in embalming fluids functions as a/an:
anticoagulant
Sodium citrate, when used in embalming fluids, functions as a/an:
anticoagulant
A solution created with water as the solvent is said to be
aqueous
Which of the following statements is FALSE about arterial fluids? Arterial fluids normally: are injected into body cavities. are injected into the arterial system. contain dye. contain surfactants.
are injected into body cavities
The solvent which will dissolve nonpolar materials like grease and oil is:
benzene
Which of these reactions produces a hazardous gas? bleach and formaldehyde ammonia and formaldehyde arterial fluid and cavity fluid phenol and ammonia
bleach and formaldehyde
Adipocere is a derivative of:
body fats
Special purpose fluids are often classified as:
both high index and jaundice fluids
Which of the following are supplemental germicides often added to some arterial fluids: quaternary ammonium compounds glutaraldehyde both quaternary ammonium compounds and glutaraldehyde neither of these chemicals
both quaternary ammonium compounds and glutaraldehyde
Water conditioning agents used to sequester calcium ions in hard water:
both sodium citrate and sodium salt of EDTA
Substances that are used to maintain pH balance of solutions:
buffers
Which one of the following chemicals, when contained in water in the form of salts causes "hard water": Sodium Calcium Potassium Manganese
calcium
Which of the following will not have any effect on the solubility of a given solvent? basic nature of the solvent capacity of the container agitation of the solvent temperature and pressure on the solvent
capacity of the container
Cross linking proteins during arterial embalming is a ____ change.
chemical
Decomposition of the human body is:
chemical change
For a substance to be classified as an electrolyte, it must:
conduct electricity
Which of the following is NOT important in determining the shelf-life of an arterial fluid? Cost of the fluid Exposure to light The presence of buffers The presence of anti-polymerization agents
cost of the fluid
The shrinking of blood cells in a hypertonic salt solution is called
crenation
The removal of the amino group from an amino acid is:
deamination
Benzaldehyde, oil of cloves, oil of sassafras and oil of wintergreen are all used in arterial fluids as?
deodorants
Removal of water from a body may correctly be referred to as:
desiccation
The process by which small solute molecules may pass through a membrane but large solute particles are retained by that membrane is called:
dialysis
The process used to separate colloidal solutes from crystalloidal solutes is
dialysis
Involves the process of preservation, disinfection and restoration of a deceased human body:
embalming chemistry
When the chemical energy of a reaction is measured, the reaction will either release or absorb heat. A reaction that absorbs heat is called?
endothermic
What substance is changed into adipocere by the saponification process? fats proteins carbohydrates enzymes
fats
Paraformaldehyde is a polymer of:
formaldehyde
The partial oxidation of wood alcohol yields
formaldehyde
Identify the true solution from this list. formalin oil and water dust in the air protein molecules in water
formalin
What state is formaldehyde, not formalin, at room temperature?
gas
Index of a formaldehyde solution is an expression of: mililiters of HCHO per 100 ml of water ounces of HCHO per quart of water grams of HCHO per 100 ml of water grams of HCHO per gallon of water
grams of HCHO per 100 ml of water
A substance in embalming fluid which serves to retain moisture in the body is known as:
humectant
In arterial fluids, glycols act as:
humectants
The splitting apart of a compound by water is called
hydrolysis
NH₃ has significance for the embalmer because it:
is a product of protein decomposition
Acetone is a solvent which is in the family of organic compounds called ___.
ketones
Deodorants are used in embalming fluids as: surfactants buffers humectants masking agents
masking agents
Theoretically, the complete reduction of the compound formaldehyde would produce?
methane
Theoretically, the complete reduction of the compound formaldehyde would produce? methanol ethylene methane formic acid
methane
Polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited by the addition of:
methanol
The chemical which functions as a preservative, disinfectant, vehicle, and antipoloymerant is:
methanol
The final hydrolytic products of polysaccharides are:
monosaccharides
The chemical reaction between an acid and base is known as:
neutralization
The cross linking that takes place between protein molecules in embalmed tissue occurs between ________ in adjacent molecules.
nitrogen atoms
The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration is:
osmosis
The swelling of a body during embalming may be due to which one of the following:
osmosis
Another name for glutaraldehyde is ___.
pentanedial
Formaldehyde reacts with the ___ portion of protein molecules in the preservation process.
peptide bond
Dissolving one material in another is a ___ change.
physical change
Formaldehyde, in terms of embalming, is used as a:
preservative; disinfectant
Mercuric chloride is a good disinfectant. It is:
prohibited by law
Water of high mineral content, such as hard water, tends to:
promote blood clotting
Formaldehyde coagulates this compound because unlike the others listed it contains Nitrogen:
protein
Embalming retards the decomposition of:
proteins
Which of the following is mainly affected by putrefaction? proteins carbohydrates lipids starches
proteins
Lanolin, an emulsified oil, is used in embalming fluids for which of the following purposes?
retain moisture
Which of these materials will dissolve in water? salt oil grease wax
salt
Paraformaldehyde is formaldehyde in a:
solid state
The greater portion of a solution is the ___.
solvent
A humectant commonly used in embalming fluids is:
sorbitol
Which of the following solutions contain the most solute per-volume of solvent? Concentrated Saturated Supersaturated Dilute
supersaturated
Gels are most often used to treat:
surface problems such as bedsores
Surface tension reducers:
surfactants
Which region of a protein molecule is acted upon by formaldehyde in the preservation reaction? the amino functional group the carboxylic acid group the peptide bond the alpha carbon
the peptide bond
Which of these describes the process of autolysis? the self digestion of a cell the metabolic method of a cell the storage capacity of a cell the locomotion method of a cell
the self digestion of a cell
If the body has road tar that must be removed, which of the following solvents would work best? Propanone Dimethyl Ketone Acetone These are all names for the same
these are all names for the same
Which statement is NOT correct about accessory fluids? they are added to the tank of the injection machine they are used on the surface of the body they include things like adhesives and bleaching chemicals cavity fluid is an example of accessory fluid
they are added to the tank of the injection machine
Which of these is NOT a property of organic amines? they contain amino acids they are by-products of the decomposition proteins they have a disagreeable odor they have a pleasant odor
they have a pleasant odor
A solution containing less solute than it could hold under ordinary conditions is unsaturated amphoteric saturated supersaturated
unsaturated
The important vehicle for an arterial solution is:
water
The most commonly used vehicles in the embalming operation are? formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde water and alcohol Ford and Chevy none of these
water and alcohol
