NBE SCIENCE-SET #8

Which of the following chemicals are used as preservatives in arterial formulations? 1 - CHO(CH₂)₃CHO 2 - Sodium salt of EDTA 3 - HCHO 4 - CH₃COCH₃

1 and 3 only

The conversion of bilirubin to biliverdin: 1 - is an oxidation/reduction reaction (formaldehyde is oxidized, bilirubin is reduced) 2 - is more likely when high index solutions of HCHO are used 3 - is more likely when high index solutions of CHO(CH₂)₃CHO are used 4 - is undesirable because the body turns a green color

1, 2 & 4 only

Which of the following are actions of preservative chemicals: 1 - inactivate chemical groups of proteins and/or amino acids 2 - inhibit decomposition 3 - inactivate enzymes 4 - kill microorganisms 5 - destroy odors and eliminate their further production

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Which of the following are reactions associated with formaldehyde? 1 - exists in water as methylene glycol 2 - is prevented from polymerization to paraformaldehyde by the presence of methanol 3 - preserves amino acids without coagulation 4 - denatures, preserves and coagulates proteins 5 - causes the saponification of fats 6 - causes biliverdin to turn into bilirubin

1, 2, 3, and 4 only

Which of the following have been used as vehicles in arterial fluids? 1 - water 2 - glycerol 3 - methanol

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following are used as vehicles in embalming fluids: 1-C₆H₅OH 2 - CH₃OH 3 - H₂O 4 - CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

2 and 3 only

Estimated Shelf-Life for embalming chemicals: 3 - 8 years 6 months to a year 1 - 2 months 2 - 5 years

2-5 years

The percentage by weight of formaldehyde in formalin is:

37%

Which of the following classes of compound is formed by the partial oxidation of a primary alcohol: Aldehyde Ketone Ether Ester

Aldehyde

What is the basic unit (parent structure) of all aromatic compounds?

Benzene

The mixture of formaldehyde with household bleach will create a deadly carcinogenic agent know as:

Bis-chloromethyl Ether

What type of embalming fluids contain high concentrations of disinfectants and preservatives but generally lack active dyes and other modifying agents?

Cavity fluids

Which of these compounds is an inorganic acid when dissolved in water?

HCl

Which of the following is NOT a hazardous substance used in embalming fluids? Formaldehyde Hydrogen hydroxide Methanol Acetone

Hydrogen Hydroxide

Identify the inorganic base from this list (all numbers are subscripts): NaCl H2SO4 LiOH HCl

LiOH

Formaldehyde in water in a closed system such as an embalming fluid bottle, actually exists as:

Methylene Glycol - HCHO + H₂0> CH₂(OH)₂

Which of the following are true of reactions with formaldehyde? 1 - Exists in water as ethylene glycol 2 - Preserves lipids by coagulation 3 - Converts biliverdin to bilirubin.

None of these are true of formaldehyde

Two or more atoms of different elements in chemical combination(acting as a unit) that has lost or gained an electron forms a/n? Example: NH₄+

Polyatomic ion

Which of the following would NOT be found in a pre-injection fluid? a high concentration of formaldehyde anticoagulants water conditioning agents a low concentration of preservatives

a high concentration of formaldehyde

A compound called a salt is:

a product of the neutralization reaction

Reacting an acid with a base yields:

a salt and water

Adipocere is chemically most similar to

a soap

The substance that an enzyme acts upon is:

a substrate

Which of these is the function of EDTA in arterial fluids? act as a buffer add fullness to the tissues function as a disinfectant reduce surface tension of water in the injection solution

act as a buffer

Which of the following would NOT normally be present in a cavity fluid? germicides preservatives coagulants active dyes

active dyes

Which of the following would NOT normally be present in a cavity fluid? Germicides Active dyes Preservatives Coagulants

active dyes

Ammonia dissolved in water is a(n) ____ solution.

alkaline

Which of the following are used as vehicles in arterial fluids? CH₃OH CH₂OHCHOHCH₂OH H₂O All of these

all of these

Spilled formaldehyde can be treated with ___ to produce a harmless product that can be easily disposed of. This can be a standard procedure for neutralizing major spills.

ammonia

Sodium citrate, when used in embalming fluids functions as a/an:

anticoagulant

Sodium citrate, when used in embalming fluids, functions as a/an:

anticoagulant

A solution created with water as the solvent is said to be

aqueous

Which of the following statements is FALSE about arterial fluids? Arterial fluids normally: are injected into body cavities. are injected into the arterial system. contain dye. contain surfactants.

are injected into body cavities

The solvent which will dissolve nonpolar materials like grease and oil is:

benzene

Which of these reactions produces a hazardous gas? bleach and formaldehyde ammonia and formaldehyde arterial fluid and cavity fluid phenol and ammonia

bleach and formaldehyde

Adipocere is a derivative of:

body fats

Special purpose fluids are often classified as:

both high index and jaundice fluids

Which of the following are supplemental germicides often added to some arterial fluids: quaternary ammonium compounds glutaraldehyde both quaternary ammonium compounds and glutaraldehyde neither of these chemicals

both quaternary ammonium compounds and glutaraldehyde

Water conditioning agents used to sequester calcium ions in hard water:

both sodium citrate and sodium salt of EDTA

Substances that are used to maintain pH balance of solutions:

buffers

Which one of the following chemicals, when contained in water in the form of salts causes "hard water": Sodium Calcium Potassium Manganese

calcium

Which of the following will not have any effect on the solubility of a given solvent? basic nature of the solvent capacity of the container agitation of the solvent temperature and pressure on the solvent

capacity of the container

Cross linking proteins during arterial embalming is a ____ change.

chemical

Decomposition of the human body is:

chemical change

For a substance to be classified as an electrolyte, it must:

conduct electricity

Which of the following is NOT important in determining the shelf-life of an arterial fluid? Cost of the fluid Exposure to light The presence of buffers The presence of anti-polymerization agents

cost of the fluid

The shrinking of blood cells in a hypertonic salt solution is called

crenation

The removal of the amino group from an amino acid is:

deamination

Benzaldehyde, oil of cloves, oil of sassafras and oil of wintergreen are all used in arterial fluids as?

deodorants

Removal of water from a body may correctly be referred to as:

desiccation

The process by which small solute molecules may pass through a membrane but large solute particles are retained by that membrane is called:

dialysis

The process used to separate colloidal solutes from crystalloidal solutes is

dialysis

Involves the process of preservation, disinfection and restoration of a deceased human body:

embalming chemistry

When the chemical energy of a reaction is measured, the reaction will either release or absorb heat. A reaction that absorbs heat is called?

endothermic

What substance is changed into adipocere by the saponification process? fats proteins carbohydrates enzymes

fats

Paraformaldehyde is a polymer of:

formaldehyde

The partial oxidation of wood alcohol yields

formaldehyde

Identify the true solution from this list. formalin oil and water dust in the air protein molecules in water

formalin

What state is formaldehyde, not formalin, at room temperature?

gas

Index of a formaldehyde solution is an expression of: mililiters of HCHO per 100 ml of water ounces of HCHO per quart of water grams of HCHO per 100 ml of water grams of HCHO per gallon of water

grams of HCHO per 100 ml of water

A substance in embalming fluid which serves to retain moisture in the body is known as:

humectant

In arterial fluids, glycols act as:

humectants

The splitting apart of a compound by water is called

hydrolysis

NH₃ has significance for the embalmer because it:

is a product of protein decomposition

Acetone is a solvent which is in the family of organic compounds called ___.

ketones

Deodorants are used in embalming fluids as: surfactants buffers humectants masking agents

masking agents

Theoretically, the complete reduction of the compound formaldehyde would produce?

methane

Theoretically, the complete reduction of the compound formaldehyde would produce? methanol ethylene methane formic acid

methane

Polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited by the addition of:

methanol

The chemical which functions as a preservative, disinfectant, vehicle, and antipoloymerant is:

methanol

The final hydrolytic products of polysaccharides are:

monosaccharides

The chemical reaction between an acid and base is known as:

neutralization

The cross linking that takes place between protein molecules in embalmed tissue occurs between ________ in adjacent molecules.

nitrogen atoms

The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration is:

osmosis

The swelling of a body during embalming may be due to which one of the following:

osmosis

Another name for glutaraldehyde is ___.

pentanedial

Formaldehyde reacts with the ___ portion of protein molecules in the preservation process.

peptide bond

Dissolving one material in another is a ___ change.

physical change

Formaldehyde, in terms of embalming, is used as a:

preservative; disinfectant

Mercuric chloride is a good disinfectant. It is:

prohibited by law

Water of high mineral content, such as hard water, tends to:

promote blood clotting

Formaldehyde coagulates this compound because unlike the others listed it contains Nitrogen:

protein

Embalming retards the decomposition of:

proteins

Which of the following is mainly affected by putrefaction? proteins carbohydrates lipids starches

proteins

Lanolin, an emulsified oil, is used in embalming fluids for which of the following purposes?

retain moisture

Which of these materials will dissolve in water? salt oil grease wax

salt

Paraformaldehyde is formaldehyde in a:

solid state

The greater portion of a solution is the ___.

solvent

A humectant commonly used in embalming fluids is:

sorbitol

Which of the following solutions contain the most solute per-volume of solvent? Concentrated Saturated Supersaturated Dilute

supersaturated

Gels are most often used to treat:

surface problems such as bedsores

Surface tension reducers:

surfactants

Which region of a protein molecule is acted upon by formaldehyde in the preservation reaction? the amino functional group the carboxylic acid group the peptide bond the alpha carbon

the peptide bond

Which of these describes the process of autolysis? the self digestion of a cell the metabolic method of a cell the storage capacity of a cell the locomotion method of a cell

the self digestion of a cell

If the body has road tar that must be removed, which of the following solvents would work best? Propanone Dimethyl Ketone Acetone These are all names for the same

these are all names for the same

Which statement is NOT correct about accessory fluids? they are added to the tank of the injection machine they are used on the surface of the body they include things like adhesives and bleaching chemicals cavity fluid is an example of accessory fluid

they are added to the tank of the injection machine

Which of these is NOT a property of organic amines? they contain amino acids they are by-products of the decomposition proteins they have a disagreeable odor they have a pleasant odor

they have a pleasant odor

A solution containing less solute than it could hold under ordinary conditions is unsaturated amphoteric saturated supersaturated

unsaturated

The important vehicle for an arterial solution is:

water

The most commonly used vehicles in the embalming operation are? formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde water and alcohol Ford and Chevy none of these

water and alcohol