NE 210 TEST ONE

which of the following hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? 1) corticotropin 2) antidiuretic hormone 3) cortisol 4) Oxytocin

1.

Which of the following medication's would be used to treat diabetes insipidus? 1) desmopressin (DDAVP) 2) glucocorticoids 3) insulin 4) oral antidiabetic agents

1. Desmopressin a synthetic vasopressin is the medication of choice for treating diabetes insipidus.

Which of the following symptoms indicate hyperglycemia? 1) Polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss 2) weight gain, tiredness, and bradycardia 3) irritability, diaphoresis, and tachycardia 4) diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss

1. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss.

which of the following groups of hormones are released by the medulla of the adrenal gland? 1) epinephrine and norepinephrine 2) glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens 3) thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin 4) insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

1. The medulla of the adrenal gland causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Overproduction Of which of the following hormones leads to growth arrest, obesity, and musculoskeletal changes? 1) Adrenocortical hormone 2) follicle stimulating hormone 3) parathyroid hormone 4) Thyroid hormone

1. overproduction of adrenocortical hormones leads to growth arrest obesity and musculoskeletal changes.

A 34-year-old female is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. What should the nurse assess the clients for? Select all that apply 1) rapid pulse 2) decreased energy and fatigue 3) Weight gain of 10 pounds 4) fine, thin hair with hair loss 5) constipation 6) menorrhagia

2,3,5,6. Clients with hypothyroidism exhibit symptoms indicating a lack of thyroid hormone. Bradycardia, decreased energy and lethargic, memory problems, weight gain, coarse hair, constipation, and menorrhagia are common signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism

hi serum sodium and glucose levels, low potassium level and eosinophil count, and disappearance of lymphoid tissue are associated with which of the following disease processes? 1) Addison's 2) Cushing's 3) Graves 4) myexedema

2. test results in Cushing syndrome include high sodium and glucose levels low potassium level, reduction of EOS NFL's, and disappearance of lymphoid tissues

which of the following test is used to diagnose Cushing's syndrome? 1) fluid deprivation test 2) glucose tolerance test 3) low-dose dexamethasone suppression test 4) Thallium stress test

3. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test is used to detect changes and plasma cortisol levels.

diabetes insipidus is a disorder of which of the following glands? 1) adrenal gland 2) parathyroid gland 3) pituitary gland 4) Thyroid gland

3. diabetes insipidus is a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland

which of the following disease processes is caused by an absence of insulin or an adequate amount of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia and leading to a series of biochemical disorders? 1) diabetes insipidus 2) hyper aldosteronism 3) diabetic keto acidosis 4) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

3. diabetic keto acidosis is caused by an inadequate amount of insulin or absence of insulin, and leads to a series of biochemical disorders.

if fluid intake is limited and a client with diabetes insipidus, which of the following complications will he be at risk for developing? 1) hypertension and bradycardia 2) Glucosuria and weight gain 3) peripheral edema and hyperglycemia 4) severe dehydration and hyper natremia

4. A client with diabetes insipidus has high volumes of urine even without fluid replacement there for 11 fluid intake will cause severe dehydration and hypernatremia.

A client with hypothyroidism may present with which of the following symptoms? 1) polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss 2) heat intolerance, nervousness, weight loss, hair loss 3) coarsening of facial features an extremity enlargement 4) tiredness, cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation

4. tiredness, cold intolerance, weight gain, and constipation or symptoms of hypothyroidism secondary to a decrease in cellular metabolism.

What parameter is measured with the dexamethasone suppression test?

The dexamethasone suppression test measures cortisol arrows before and after the system is challenged with a synthetic steroid

Which type of medication is contraindicated in the treatment of clients with hyper parathyroidism?

Thiazide diuretics. Thiazide diuretics shouldn't be used because they decrease renal excretion of calcium, thereby raising serum calcium levels even higher.

Which clinical manifestations would lead the nurse to suspect that an infant has hypothyroidism? 1) cool extremities 2) umbilical hernia 3) increased appetite 4) muscle weakness 5) lethargy 6) tachycardia

1,2,4,5. hypothyroidism and a disorder in which the levels of active thyroid hormone or decreased clinical manifestations include cool extremities, Mosling, umbilical hernia, lethargy, constipation, muscle weakness, and a hoarse cry.

A client who is insulin-dependent fails to take insulin regularly. He is at risk for which of the following complications? 1) diabetic keto acidosis 2) hypoglycemia 3) pancreatitis 4) respiratory failure

1. A client who fails to regularly take his insulin is at risk for hyperglycemia, which could lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. Hypoglycemia wouldn't occur because the lack of insulin would lead to increased levels of sugar in the blood.

which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones? 1) Addison's disease 2) Cushing's syndrome 3) diabetes mellitus 4) Diabetic ketoacidosis

1. Addison's disease is caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones

which of the following nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a client with Cushing's syndrome? 1) risk for infection 2) deficient fluid volume 3) acute pain with movement 4) Functional urinary incontinence

1. Clients with Cushing syndrome have an increased susceptibility to injury or infection secondary to the immunosuppression caused by excessive cortisol.

A client presents with diaphoresis, palpitations, jitters, and tachycardia approximately an hour and a half after taking his regular morning insulin. Which of the following treatments is appropriate for this client? 1) check blood glucose level and administer carbohydrates. 2) give nitroglycerin and perform at ECG. 3) check pulse oximetry and administer oxygen therapy. 4) Restrict salt administer diuretics and perform a paracentesis.

1. The client is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Checking the blood glucose level and administering carbohydrates will elevate blood glucose. Giving insulin will further lower blood glucose.

A client with muscle weakness, anorexia, dark pigmentation of the skin, and laboratory findings of low serum sodium and high potassium levels may be presenting with which of the following conditions? 1) Addison's disease 2) Cushing's syndrome 3) diabetes insipidus 4) thyrotoxic crisis

1. The clinical picture of Addison's disease include muscle weakness, anorexia, dark pigmentation of the skin, low sodium level and high potassium level.

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is prescribed for a pt. with Graves' disease. The nurse should teach the client to immediately report 1) sore throat 2) painful, excessive menstruation 3) constipation 4) increased urine output

1. The most serious adverse effect of PTUR leukopenia and agranulocytosis, which usually occur within the first three months of treatment. The client should be taught to promptly report to the HCP signs and symptoms of infection such a sore throat and fever. Clients having a sore throat and fever should have an immediate white blood cell count and differential perform, and the drug must be withheld until the results are obtained.

The nurse is completing a health assessment of a 42-year-old female with suspected Graves' disease. The nurse should assess the client for 1) anorexia 2) tachycardia 3) weight gain 4) cold skin

2. Graves disease, the most common type of thyrotoxicosis, is a state of hyper metabolism. The increased metabolic rate generates heat and produces tachycardia and fine muscle tremors.

adequate fluid replacement, vasopressin replacement, and correction of underlying intracranial pathology are objectives of therapy for which of the following disease processes? 1) diabetes mellitus 2) diabetes insipidus 3) diabetic keto acidosis 4) syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

2. Maintaining adequate fluid and replacing vasopressin are the main objectives and treating diabetes insipidus and access of vasopressin leads to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone causing the client to retain fluid. Diabetic keto acidosis is a result of severe insulin insufficiency. Diabetes mellitus it doesn't involve vasopressin or an intracranial pathology but rather a disturbance in the production or use of insulin.

The nurse is evaluating a client with hyperthyroidism who is taking propylthiouracil (PTU) 100 mg/day in three divided doses for maintenance therapy. Which statement from the client indicates the drug is effective? 1) I have excess energy throughout the day 2) I am able to sleep and rest and night 3) I have lost weight since taking this medication 4) I do perspire throughout the day

2. PTU is a prototype of thioamide anti-thyroid drugs. It inhibits production of thyroid hormones and peripheral conversion of T4 to the more active T3. Client taking his anti-thyroid Drive should be able to sleep and rest well tonight since the level of thyroid hormones is reduced in the blood.

The hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) affect which of the following body processes? 1) blood glucose level and glycogenolysis 2) growth and development as well as metabolic rate 3) growth of bones, muscles, and other organs 4) bone resorption calcium absorption and blood calcium levels

2. T3 and T4 Are thyroid hormones that affect growth and development as well as metabolic rate. Bone read option and increase calcium absorption are the principal effects of parathyroid hormone. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels and stimulates glycogenolysis.

Which of the following test is used to diagnose diabetes insipidus? 1) capillary blood glucose test 2) fluid deprivation test 3) serum ketone test 4) urine ketone test

2. The fluid deprivation test involves with holding water for 4 to 18 hours and checking urine osmolarity periodically. Plasma osmolarity is also check. A client with diabetes insipidus I have an increase your mouth morality of less than 300.

A client has been extremities button obese truncal area and a buffalo hump at the shoulder area. The client also complains of weakness and disturb sleep. Which of the following disorders is the most likely diagnosis? 1) Addison's disease 2) Cushing's syndrome 3) graves' disease 4) hyper parathyroidism

2. clients with Cushing's syndrome have a truncal obesity with thin extremities and a fatty buffalo hump at the back of the neck.

A client with diabetes presents with polyphagia, polydipsia, and oliguria. He also complains of headache, malaise, and some visual changes. Assessment shows signs of dehydration. Which of the following diagnoses could be made? 1) diabetes insipidus 2) diabetic keto acidosis 3) hypoglycemia 4) syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

2. early manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis include polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. As a client dehydrates and loses electrolytes this condition often leads to oliguria, malaise, and visual changes.

treatment for Cushing syndrome may involve removal of one of the adrenal glands, which could cause a temporary state of which of the following conditions? 1) Hyperkalemia 2) adrenal insufficiency 3) excessive adrenal hormone 4) syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

2. removing a major source of adrenal hormones may cause a state of temporary adrenal insufficiency, requiring a short term replacement. When both adrenal glands are removed the client requires lifelong hormone replacement.

Head trauma, brain tumor, or surgical ablation of the pituitary gland can lead to which of the following conditions? 1) Addison's disease 2) Cushing's syndrome 3) diabetes insipidus 4) Hypothyroidism

3. The cause of diabetes insipidus is unknown, but it may be secondary to head trauma, brain tumors, or surgical ablation of the pituitary gland.

which of the following nursing interventions should be performed for a client with Cushing syndrome? 1) suggest clothing or bedding that has cool and comfortable 2) suggest consumption of high carbohydrate and low protein foods 3) explain that physical changes are a result of excessive corticosteroids 4) explain the rationale for increasing salt and fluid intake in times of illness, increased stressed, and very hot weather

3. clients with touching syndrome have physical changes related to excessive cortisol. Clients with Cushing's syndrome should have a high protein not low protein diet.

Which of the

4. clients with diabetes insipidus have a deficiency of vasopressin the antidiuretic hormone

Hyperthyroidism is commonly known as which of the following disorders? 1) Addison's disease 2) buergers disease 3) Cushing syndrome 4) Graves' disease

4. hyperthyroidism is known as Graves' disease

sodium and water retention in a client with Cushing syndrome contribute to which of the following commonly seen disorders? 1) hypoglycemia and dehydration 2) hypotension and hyperglycemia 3) pulmonary edema and dehydration 4) hypertension and heart failure

4. increase mineralocorticoid activity in a client with Cushing syndrome commonly contributes to hypertension and heart failure

Cushing syndrome is the opposite of Addison's disease and includes

Cushing syndrome is the opposite of Addison's disease and includes excessive adrenocortical activity

And adolescent is taking radioactive iodine for Graves' disease. Which statement by the client reflects the need for more teaching? 1) I plan to talk on Facebook since I have to keep several feet (meters) from my friends for 3 days 2) taking radioactive iodine will not affect my ability to have children in the future 3) The advantage of radioactive iodine is that I will not need future medication for my disease. 4) I should try to use a separate bathroom from the rest of my family for several days.

Most clients will need lifelong thyroid replacement after treatments with radioactive iodine. Most clients are treated as outpatients. to reduce the risk of exposure to radioactivity to others clients are advised to avoid public places for at least one day and maintain a prudent distance from others for 2 to 3 days. The use of radioiodine to treat Graves' disease has not been found to South long-term fertility. Clients are taught not to share food utensils and towels.

The onset of rapid acting insulin is

The onset of rapid acting insulin is 15 mins to 1 hr.

The peak affect of rapid acting insulin is how long?

The peak affect of rapid acting insulin is 2 to 6 hours

as part of the screening process for Cushing syndrome, what measurement is completed?

as part of the screening process for Cushing's syndrome, a 24 hour urinary free cortisol measurement is completed.

Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia are indicated of what disorder?

hypoparathyroidism. Symptoms of hypo parathyroidism include hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia

The nurse should anticipate administration of which of the following medications to a client with hypothyroidism? 1) Dexamethasone 2) Lactulose 3) Levothyroxine 4) Lidocaine

level thyroxine, a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone T4, is the medication of choice for treating hypothyroidism. Dexamethasone is a steroid and an anti-thyroid med.

which of the following potentially serious complications may occur when treating hypothyroidism? 1) acute hemolytic reaction 2) angina or cardiac arrhythmia 3) retinopathy 4) Thrombocytopenia

2. precipitation of angina or cardiac arrhythmias is a potentially serious complication of hypothyroidism treatment especially in the elderly or clients with underlying heart disease.

Overproduction

2. stress can precipitate a hypertensive crisis in clients with Addison's disease these clients need to learn ways to identify and cope with stressors.

Which of the following terms is used to describe a usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla? 1) apical aneurysm 2) endemic goiter 3)pheochromocytoma 4) ulcerogenic tumor

3.

HHNS usually presents with

Hypotension, dehydration, fever, and tachycardia.

The peak affect of long acting insulin is how long?

Long acting insulin has a peak affect of 14 to 26 hours.

Renal calculus formation and clients with hyperparathyroidism is caused by an excess of which electrolytes?

calcium and phosphorus.

Hemoglobin A1c measurement is used to assess

hyperglycemia

What is the chief sign of hypo parathyroidism?

tetany.

hydro Cortizone given IV is the proper treatment for which of the following diseases? 1) Addison's disease 2) Cushing's syndrome 3) hyper thyroidism 4) hypo parathyroidism

1.

The nurse should instruct the family of a child with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism to: 1) keep their home warmer than usual 2) encourage plenty of outdoor activities 3) promote interactions with one friend instead of groups 4) limit bathing to prevent skin breakdown

3.

A client with hypothyroidism who experiences trauma, emergency surgery, or severe infection is at risk for developing which of the following conditions? 1) hepatitis B 2) malignant hyperthermia 3) Myxedema coma 4) Thyroid storm

3. Myxedema , Represents the most severe form of hypothyroidism. A client develop severe hypothermia and hypoglycemia and becomes comatose. Myxedema can be precipitated by narcotics, stress such as surgery, trauma, and infections. The client would be hypothermic not hyperthermic.

which of the following disorders can cause a client to retain fluid and develop hyponatremia secondary to the inability to excrete dilute urine? 1) Thyrotoxic crisis 2) diabetes insipidus 3) primary adrenocortical insufficiency 4) syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

4. SIADH is a condition in which the client has excessive levels of antidiuretic hormone and can't excrete the dilute urine. Therefore the client retains fluids this disorder causes a dilutional hyponatremia