Nervous System REVIEW
Which of the three brain regions is responsible for various visceral activities?
Brain Stem
What type of neuron transmits impulses from receptors towards the CNS?
Sensory (Afferent) Neurons
What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid?
(1) Acts as a shock absorber (2) Circulates nutrients (3) Removes waste products
What are the two tracts that carry impulses in the spinal cord?
(1) Ascending Tract (2) Descending Tract
What are the two components of the CNS?
(1) Brain (2) Spinal Cord
What are the 3 main components of a neuron?
(1) Cell Body (2) Axon (3) Synapses
What are the three major regions of the brain?
(1) Cerebrum (2) Cerebellum (3) Brain Stem
What are the two functions of the spinal cord?
(1) Connects PNS to brain (2) Coordinates reflexes
What are the 3 functional classifications of neurons?
(1) Multipolar Neuron (2) Unipolar Neuron (3) Bipolar Neuron
What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?
(1) Neurons (2) Glial
Indicate the correct pathway of the reflex arc.
(1) Receptor Organ (2) Sensory Neuron (3) Interneuron (4) Motor Neuron (4) Effector Organ
The cross-section of the spinal cord reveals (GRAY/WHITE) matter surrounding (GRAY/WHITE) matter
(1) White (2) Gray
What is a threshold stimulus?
-55 mV, Causes depolarization to occur
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
How many pairs of nerves extend from the spinal cord?
31
How many cerebral ventricles are there?
4
What is a reflex?
An involuntary response to a stimulus
What is the gray/white arrangement of the cerebellum called?
Arbor Vitae
Which of the two tracts of the spinal cord carries sensory impulses to the brain?
Ascending Tract
What part of the neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?
Axon
Where is the pons located?
Between the midbrain and medulla oblongata
Which of the three brain regions controls coordination?
Cerebellum
Which of the three brain regions is responsible for higher mental functions?
Cerebrum
What is the function of the pia mater?
Contains the cerebrospinal fluid
What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?
Controls autonomic body functions, relays nerve signals between brain and spinal cord
What connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum
What part of the neuron carries impulses towards the cell body?
Dendrites
What is the dura mater composed of?
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Which of the two tracts of the spinal cord carries motor impulses from the brain?
Descending Tract
What type of neuron connects sensory neurons to motor neurons
Interneurons
What is the most superficial of the meninges?
Dura Mater
What type of neuroglial cell forms the blood brain barrier?
Ependymal Cells
What is the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Excitatory - Depolarizes Inhibitory - Hyperpolarizes
Which lobe does not have a sensory area?
Frontal Lobe
Which lobe is responsible for controlling skeletal muscle?
Frontal Lobe
What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital
What is the arrangement of gray matter and white matter in the cerebellum?
Gray matter surrounds branching white matter
Describe the appearance of the cerebrum (gray vs. white matter).
Gray matter surrounds inner white matter
What are the ridges on the surface of the cerebral cortex called?
Gyri
What separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal Fissure
What type of neuroglial cell protects the neurons by invading microorganisms?
Microglia
What three parts make up the brainstem?
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
What type of neuron transmits impulses away from the CNS?
Motor (Efferent) Neurons
Which cell is the functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
What are the chemicals called that are released at the synaptic cleft?
Neurotransmitters
Which lobe contains the sensory area for vision?
Occipital Lobe
What type of neuroglial cell makes myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
Optic II
Which lobe contains the sensory area for taste?
Parietal Lobe
What is the deepest of the meninges?
Pia Mater
Explain the difference between a polarized and depolarized membrane
Polarized - Resting Potential, -70mV Depolarized - More Positive, < or equal to 30mV
Which ion is inside the cell of a resting neuron?
Potassium
What is the function of the midbrain?
Processes visual and auditory information and somatic motor responses, maintenance of consciousness
What are the two functions of the pons?
Relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus, Subconscious somatic and visceral motor sensors
What type of neuroglial cell makes myelin in the PNS?
Schwann Cell
Which ion is outside the cell of a resting neuron?
Sodium
What ions are involved in a nerve impulse?
Sodium and Potassium
Where in the spinal cord is the cerebrospinal fluid located?
Spinal Canal
What are the grooves on the surface of the cerebral cortex called?
Sulci
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response?
Sympathetic
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and when are they most active?
Sympathetic is most active during activity Parasympathetic is most active during rest
What is the space between the terminal of one axon and the dendrite of the next neuron called?
Synaptic Cleft
Which lobe contains the sensory area for hearing?
Temporal Lobe
What 4 structures make up the diencephalon (interbrain)?
Thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
What is the autonomic nervous system?
The part of the nervous system responsible for controlling unconscious body processes such as breathing, heart rate, and the digestive process.
Summarize the functions of the cerebrum
Thinking, Sensation, Hearing and Understanding Language, Vision --Higher Brain Function
Where is the midbrain located?
Top of brainstem under thalamus
What separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum?
Transverse Fissure
What are the interconnected cavities within the brain that circulate cerebrospinal fluid?
Ventricular System
Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing?
Vestibulocochlear VIII
