Nervous System - Supporting Cells

Schwann Cells

Surround all axons in the PNS and form myelin sheaths around many of these axons.

Astrocytes

CNS. Most abundant glial cells of the CNS. Functions: regulate neurotransmitters levels, signaling increased blood flow, controlling ionic envi. around neurons, help synapse from in dev. neural tissue, produce molecues nec. for neural growth, propagate calcium signals.

Ependymal Cells

CNS. Simple epithelium that lines the central cavity of spinal cord/brain. Divide cerebrospinal fluid and tissue fluid. Bear cilia that help circulate the cerebrospinal fluid.

Microglia

CNS. Smallest, least abundant neuroglia. Derive from monocytes and engulf invading microorganisms and injured/dead neurons.

Oligodendrocytes

CNS. Wrap their cell processes around the thicker axons in the CNS, producing insulating coverings called myeline sheaths.

Neuroglia

Glial cells. Provide a supportive scaffolding for neurons, cover all non-synaptic parts of the neurons.

Satellite Cells

PNS. Surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia.