Nervous system test review

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What makes up the central and peripheral nervous systems? What are their primary functions?

1. Central - Brain and spinal cord (command center) 2. Peripheral - All cranial and spinal nerves (body movements)

2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system

1. autonomic nervous system (internal senses for gut) 2. somatic nervous system (touch, hearing)

corpus callosum

Connects the left & right hemispheres

What is the myelin sheath?

Protective sheath surrounds axons, made up of proteins and lipids - facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses - nodes of ranvier - switching of ions

Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

pons -

breathing, communication, sensations

Motor neurons

carry messages away from the central nervous system

Sensory neurons

carry messages towards the central nervous system

What is a motor neuron?

carry signals from the central nervous system to OUTER parts (muscles)

neurotransmitters

chemicals released by axon terminals

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

clear, body fluid found in brain and spinal cord - cushions, circulates nutrients and chemicals from the blood, removes waste

Frontal lobe -

cognitive skills, problem solving, memory and launguage

During an action potential, the concentration of potassium within a neuron...

decreases

Hippocampus

emotions, memory

amygdala

fear, emergencies

cerebellum

fine motor coordination

What structure separates the parietal lobes of the brain?

fissure down the center of the brain

Neuroglia

function to support, insulate, and protect neurons

Grey vs. White matter

grey - outside of cerebrum, axons are unmylenated white - inside of cerebrum, made of axons that are myelated

peripheral nervous system

includes nerves that run throughout the body

During an action potential, the concentration of sodium within a neuron...

increases

Synapse

junction between neurons

What is a synapse?

junction between two neurons - gap

A type of neuroglia that destroys foreign substances is known as...

microglia

thalamus

motor and sensory signals to cerebral cortex

midbrain

movements of the eye, visual processing

hypothalamus

pituitary gland, controls activities of autonomic nervous system

medulla oblongata -

- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure (vital functions)

Reflex

- involuntary response (brain is not involved) Reflex arc ; pathway a nerve impulse travels - rapid response

What are the different meninges?

1. Dura mater - outermost 2. arachnid mater - middle 3. Pia mater - inner most

4 Neuroglia

1. Microglial- cleaning up around nervous system 2. Schwann- form the insulating myelin sheath around neurons in PNS 3. Oligodendrocytes - makes the myelin sheath around axons in CNS 4. astrocytes - connect blood vessels to neurons

A type of neuroglia that form the myelin sheath in the CNS is known as...

Oligodendrocyte

What is a sensory neuron?

Sensory - carry signals from the outer parts of your body INTO the central nervous system

What happens in an action potential?

Sodium is going into the nerve cell through gated channels creating an action potential and the potassium gets pushed out and a signal gets sent down the axon

Explain the "Salty Banana"

Sodium- outside Potassium- inside

Does recent evidence support the left and right brain dominance theory of personality?

There is evidence, but does not support that people are dominant on one side or another

What do neurotransmitters do?

They are involved with the communication between a neuron and another cell

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Transmits information to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands

A type of neuroglia that connects neurons to blood capillaries is known as..

astrocyte

temporal lobe -

auditory cortex

Parietal lobe -

sensory info - speech, visual info

What are interneurons?

transmits impulses between other neurons

occipital lobe -

visual processing center


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