Nervous system test review
What makes up the central and peripheral nervous systems? What are their primary functions?
1. Central - Brain and spinal cord (command center) 2. Peripheral - All cranial and spinal nerves (body movements)
2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system
1. autonomic nervous system (internal senses for gut) 2. somatic nervous system (touch, hearing)
corpus callosum
Connects the left & right hemispheres
What is the myelin sheath?
Protective sheath surrounds axons, made up of proteins and lipids - facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses - nodes of ranvier - switching of ions
Central Nervous System (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
pons -
breathing, communication, sensations
Motor neurons
carry messages away from the central nervous system
Sensory neurons
carry messages towards the central nervous system
What is a motor neuron?
carry signals from the central nervous system to OUTER parts (muscles)
neurotransmitters
chemicals released by axon terminals
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
clear, body fluid found in brain and spinal cord - cushions, circulates nutrients and chemicals from the blood, removes waste
Frontal lobe -
cognitive skills, problem solving, memory and launguage
During an action potential, the concentration of potassium within a neuron...
decreases
Hippocampus
emotions, memory
amygdala
fear, emergencies
cerebellum
fine motor coordination
What structure separates the parietal lobes of the brain?
fissure down the center of the brain
Neuroglia
function to support, insulate, and protect neurons
Grey vs. White matter
grey - outside of cerebrum, axons are unmylenated white - inside of cerebrum, made of axons that are myelated
peripheral nervous system
includes nerves that run throughout the body
During an action potential, the concentration of sodium within a neuron...
increases
Synapse
junction between neurons
What is a synapse?
junction between two neurons - gap
A type of neuroglia that destroys foreign substances is known as...
microglia
thalamus
motor and sensory signals to cerebral cortex
midbrain
movements of the eye, visual processing
hypothalamus
pituitary gland, controls activities of autonomic nervous system
medulla oblongata -
- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure (vital functions)
Reflex
- involuntary response (brain is not involved) Reflex arc ; pathway a nerve impulse travels - rapid response
What are the different meninges?
1. Dura mater - outermost 2. arachnid mater - middle 3. Pia mater - inner most
4 Neuroglia
1. Microglial- cleaning up around nervous system 2. Schwann- form the insulating myelin sheath around neurons in PNS 3. Oligodendrocytes - makes the myelin sheath around axons in CNS 4. astrocytes - connect blood vessels to neurons
A type of neuroglia that form the myelin sheath in the CNS is known as...
Oligodendrocyte
What is a sensory neuron?
Sensory - carry signals from the outer parts of your body INTO the central nervous system
What happens in an action potential?
Sodium is going into the nerve cell through gated channels creating an action potential and the potassium gets pushed out and a signal gets sent down the axon
Explain the "Salty Banana"
Sodium- outside Potassium- inside
Does recent evidence support the left and right brain dominance theory of personality?
There is evidence, but does not support that people are dominant on one side or another
What do neurotransmitters do?
They are involved with the communication between a neuron and another cell
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Transmits information to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
A type of neuroglia that connects neurons to blood capillaries is known as..
astrocyte
temporal lobe -
auditory cortex
Parietal lobe -
sensory info - speech, visual info
What are interneurons?
transmits impulses between other neurons
occipital lobe -
visual processing center