Neuro

How many primary pathways are there linking the brain to the muscles? a) 3 b) 2 c) 4 d) 1

b) 2

The basal ganglia has _____ looping circuits. a) 3 b) 5 c) 4 d) 2

b) 5

Damage to the cerebellum leads to paralysis. a) True b) False

b) False

This part of the brain is active during moral decision making, as well as when we feel guilt/remorse.

b) OFC

A selective loss of motion perception is called a) agnosia b) akinetopsia c) achromatopsia d) anomia

b) akinetopsia

________ refers to the slowness of movement (often found in Parkinson's disease). a) akinesia b) bradykinesia c) chorea d) athetosis

b) bradykinesia

The autonomic nervous system is composed of two branches, called the:

sympathetic and parasympathetic

dichotic listening

A __________ task presents information to each ear individually, requiring the participant to attend to one ear or the other.

b) dysarthria

A patient with Parkinson's disease is likely to suffer which of these language deficits? a) aphasia b) dysarthria c) apraxia d) anomia

a) Wernicke's aphasia

A patient's symptoms include poor spoken and written comprehension but fluent and reasonably grammatical speech output. What is the most probable diagnosis? a) Wernicke's aphasia b) conduction aphasia c) acquired aphasia d) Broca's aphasia

b) repeating spoken language

A person with conduction aphasia is most likely to have difficulty in... a) speaking fluently b) repeating spoken language c) understanding function words like "if" or "but" d) comprehending spoken language

b) cannot remember events that occurred after the injury.

After suffering a severe head injury, a patient demonstrates anterograde amnesia. She... a) has trouble remembering events that occurred before the injury. b) cannot remember events that occurred after the injury. c) has normal long-term memory but impaired working memory. d) has equal difficulty remembering events that occurred before and after her injury.

a) True

Alexia can occur without agraphia. a) True b) False

c) apraxia

An impairment in motor planning or programming of speech is called... a) dysarthria b) aphasia c) apraxia d) anomia

d) inferior temporal lobe; posterior parietal lobe

Anatomical outputs from the occipital lobe follow two major axon bundles that terminate in the ________ and ________. a) posterior parietal lobe ; anterior parietal lobe b) anterior parietal lobe ; posterior frontal lobe c) posterior frontal lobe ; inferior temporal lobe d) inferior temporal lobe ; posterior parietal lobe

a) sparse coding

Another name for the grandmother cell theory is: a) sparse coding b) none of these c) dense coding d) population coding

b) diffuse occipital

Apperceptive agnosion generally results from these types of lesions: a) temporal lobe b) diffuse occipital c) fusiform face area d) frontal lobe

superior colliculus

Which region of the brain is involved in saccadic eye movements?

a) nondeclarative

Classical conditioning is an example of a specific type of ________ memory. a) nondeclarative b) priming c) episodic d) semantic

a) damage to the arcuate fasciculus

Conduction aphasia results from... a) damage to the arcuate fasciculus b) damage to both Broca's and Wernicke's areas c) damage to Wernicke's area d) damage to Broca's area

c) inversion effect

Configural information is important for categories in which we have expertise, such as faces. This has been demonstrated by what effect? a) sparse coding effect b) conversion effect c) inversion effect d) primal sketch effect

a) True

Crossed aphasia is when a right-handed individual suffers damage in the right hemisphere resulting in language deficits. a) True b) False

c) Difficulty in understanding metaphors or jokes

Damage to the right hemisphere may result in what type of language deficits? (Assume that the left-hemisphere is dominant for language) a) None of these b) Difficulty in producing language c) Difficulty in understanding metaphors or jokes d) Difficulty in producing proper grammar

a) amnesia

Deficits in memory as a function of brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma are known collectively as a) amnesia b) agnosia c) aphasia d) anomia

covert attention

During a particularly boring lecture, you carefully note the time on a clock that is mounted on the side wall of the classroom while keeping your eyes fixated on the professor's face. This is an example of...

d) free recall

Fill-in-the-blank questions rely on this process. a) spatial b) recognition c) syntactical d) free recall

b) Making visual stimuli into a whole

If Billy has apperceptive visual agnosia, which of the following would Billy have the most trouble with? a) Linking the whole object to memories b) Making visual stimuli into a whole c) Recognizing faces d) Separating red colors from green colors

c) left

In 95% of right-handed individuals, Broca's area is located in which hemisphere? a) right b) both c) left

increases

In a conjunction search, increasing the set size ________ reaction time to identify the target.

has no effect on

In a pop-out search paradigm, increasing the set size ________ reaction time to identify the target.

c) paired-association task

In this type of task, the participant must learn to associate pairs of items with one another. This task emphasizes declarative memory and engages hippocampal regions. a) relational task b) Wisconsin Card Sorting task c) paired-association task d) Word-stem completion task

a) semantic paraphasias

Language errors in which a person substitutes words that are related in meaning for one another are called... a) semantic paraphasias b) lemma confusions c) orthographic intrusions d) syntactic substitutions

b) working; long-term

Lesions of the lateral prefrontal cortex disrupt ________ memory but not ________ memory. a) working; short-term b) working; long-term c) long-term; working d) long-term; short-term

a) recognition

Multiple choice questions are an example of ____________ processing. a) recognition b) free recall c) relational d) none of these

d) phonemic paraphasia

Neologisms are a type of... a) anomia b) semantic paraphasia c) apraxia d) phonemic paraphasia

c) form-cue invariance

Our ability to recognize objects regardless of their dimensionality is called: a) object consistency b) optic flow c) form-cue invariance d) perceptual constancy

a) a lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex.

Patient "Tan," studied by the neurologist Broca, had great difficulty in generating spontaneous speech and was unable to utter any word other than the nonsense syllable "tan." Postmortem autopsy of Tan's brain revealed a) a lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex. b) abnormal EEG signals from the left frontal operculum. c) cerebral hemorrhage in the right inferior frontal lobes. d) demyelination in a region of the left anterior frontal lobes.

choline and noradrenaline

Which two neurotransmitters are involved in the control of sleep-wake cycles?

a) agrammatism

People with Broca's aphasia may have subtle deficits in their ability to comprehend language based on its grammatical structure. This symptom is called... a) agrammatism b) aexia c) aphemia d) semantic dementia

b) they have developed compensatory mechanisms and will use other modalities to access memories for objects, faces, etc.

People with agnosias can be distinguished from people with memory loss because... a) they cannot be distinguished. b) they have developed compensatory mechanisms and will use other modalities to access memories for objects, faces, etc. c) people with agnosias look different than people with memory loss d) none of these are correct.

d) sounds of language

Phonology refers to the aspects of language that deal with... a) comprehension b) none of these c) grammar d) sounds of language

a) Cells fire for a wide range of objects, and the pattern of firing determines what the object is

Population coding is a theory of object perception in which: a) Cells fire for a wide range of objects, and the pattern of firing determines what the object is b) Small, discrete groups of cells fire for specific objects c) One cell fires in response to one type of object d) None of these

a) temporal

Ribot's Law theorizes that amnesia tends to have a ________ structure, whereby individuals are less likely to remember events that are close in time to the injury. a) temporal b) tonotopic c) temporospatial d) spatial

a) listening to someone talk

Scientists and clinicians can usually determine language lateralization using all of these methods except: a) listening to someone talk b) fMRI c) electrophysiology d) Wada test

c) form-cue invariance

Suppose you have a dog that likes cheeseburgers very much. As soon as you reach for a cheeseburger, he starts making noises and drooling. One night, you are watching TV and you see a cheeseburger commercial. Although the cheeseburger is not physically present in the room, the dog recognizes it and immediately starts making noises. The fact that the dog recognizes the cheeseburger in real life and on the screen is an example of... a) perceptual constancy b) global precedence c) form-cue invariance d) figure-ground separation

a) grammar

Syntax is synonymous to... a) grammar b) meaning c) sounds d) comprehension

a) the left posterior and superior temporal lobe

The German neurologist Wernicke found that injury to which region of the brain resulted in poor language comprehension and nonsensical but relatively fluent speech? a) the left posterior and superior temporal lobe b) the left arcuate fasciculus c) the right inferior frontal lobe d) the right medial temporal lobe

reticular activating

The ______ system controls sleep-wake cycles.

frontal

The ________ bottleneck refers to how a limited amount of information reaches the frontal lobe for higher order processing.

frontoparietal

The attention network can best be described as a ________ network.

early selection

The auditory brain response (ABR), which occurs 1-10ms after stimulus onset, is evidence for the _______ model of attention.

a) phonological loop

The component that is responsible for acoustically coding information in working memory is the a) phonological loop. b) central executive. c) visuospatial sketchpad. d) subvocal loop

d) acquisition ; consolidation

The encoding of information to be stored involves two stages: ________, in which inputs in sensory buffers and sensory analysis stages are registered, and then ________, in which a stronger representation for storage is created. a) storage ; retrieval b) retrieval ; acquisition c) consolidation ; storage d) acquisition ; consolidation

d) more than one of these

The extrastriate body area responds to a) objects and places b) human bodies c) body parts d) more than one of these

c) prosopagnosia

The inability to recognize faces is called: a) occipitotemporal agnosia b) face agnosia c) prosopagnosia d) apperceptive agnosia

bottom-up

The inferior and superior colliculi are involved in _________ attention.

one object at a time

The main deficit in Balint's syndrome is that patients can focus attention on only

b) phonemes

The smallest units of sound composing a language are called... a) morphemes b) phonemes c) memes d) soundemics

d) place or grid

The specialized cells in our hippocampus and parahippocampus that respond to specific places in our environment are called _________ cells. a) contextual cue b) environmental c) spatial d) place or grid

a) telegraphic speech

The speech of people with Broca's aphasia is usually slow and effortful and consists of primarily concrete words, while words that serve grammatical functions are omitted. This type of speech output is called... a) telegraphic speech b) word salad c) spectral speech d) paraphasic speech

c) working memory

The term ________ refers to a limited-capacity store that not only retains information over the short term (maintenance) but also permits the performance of mental operations with the contents of this store (manipulation). a) sensory memory b) short-term memory c) working memory d) long-term memory

attention

The term ________ refers to the operations involved when we select for further processing a limited subset of information from the total information available to us from our sensory systems and stored mental representations.

d) cannot recognize objects despite having normal perceptual representations.

The term associative agnosia is reserved for patients who a) cannot recognize objects due to compromised perceptual representations. b) have perceptual impairments due to problems with the dorsal stream. c) have perceptual impairments due to problems with the ventral stream. d) cannot recognize objects despite having normal perceptual representations.

d) Occipital, occipitotemporal, temporal

The ventral visual processing stream goes in the following order: a) Temporal, occipitotemporal, occipital b) Temporal, occipital, occipitotemporal c) Occipitotemporal, occipital, temporal d) Occipital, occipitotemporal, temporal

d) fusiform face area (FFA)

This area of the brain is responsive to faces: a) Area V4 in the visual cortex b) Area MT in the visual cortex c) anterior cingulate d) fusiform face area (FFA)

d) long-term potentiation (LTP)

This is a neuronal mechanism that allows processing of the conjunctions or co-occurrences of inputs, in which brief, patterned activation of particular pathways produces a stable increase in synaptic efficacy lasting for hours to weeks. a) action potential b) neuronal plasticity c) short-term potentiation (STP) d) long-term potentiation (LTP)

d) visuospatial sketch/scratch pad

This is the portion of working memory that allows nonverbal visual information to be held on-line while performing perceptual analyses of a stimulus array. a) spatiotemporal loop b) auditory sketch pad c) episodic loop d) visuospatial sketch/scratch pad

anterior cingulate

This part of the brain is responsible for response selection and response inhibition. (hint: it is highly active during the Stroop task)

a) relational

This type of learning and memory relies primarily on the hippocampus, and helps us to understand the relations among items. a) relational b) spatial c) contractual d) semantic

a) Broca's area and the concept center

Transcortical motor aphasia results from disruptions between: a) Broca's area and the concept center b) None of these c) Broca's area and Wernicke's area d) Wernicke's area and the concept center

a) Wernicke's area and the concept center

Transcortical sensory aphasia results from disruptions between: a) Wernicke's area and the concept center b) Broca's area and the concept center c) Broca's area and Wernicke's area d) None of these

b) semantics

Wernickes area is most closely associated with what type of language processing? a) phonology b) semantics c) syntactic d) vocabulary

b) arcuate fasciculus

What band of fibers connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas? a) inferior longitudinal fasciculus b) arcuate fasciculus c) none of these d) superior longitudinal fasciculus

a) humans are the only species whose brain has a specialized system for recognizing distinctions among classes of faces within their own species

What is false with respect to face recognition in non-humans? a) humans are the only species whose brain has a specialized system for recognizing distinctions among classes of faces within their own species b) some cells in the inferotemporal cortex of monkeys fire to particular individuals, while others fire to specific facial features c) single-cell studies have shown that specialized cells for recognizing faces can also be found in sheep and monkeys d) none of these

a) receptive field

What is the appropriate term to indicate that part of visual space to which a specific cell in the visual cortex is sensitive? a) receptive field b) fovea c) firing field d) parafovea

a) grandmother cell theory

What is the name of the theory that states that only a small, specific set of cells fire to each specific object or person? a) grandmother cell theory b) evolutionary theory c) glia cell theory d) father cell theory

top-down attentional processing

When attention is controlled consciously, it is called

d) global

Which aphasia is the worst? a) conduction b) transcortical motor c) transcortical sensory d) global

b) parahippocampal place area

Which brain area processes information related to locations in the local environment? a) lateral occipital cortex b) parahippocampal place area c) fusiform area d) extrastriate body area

a) hippocampus

Which brain structure is located in the medial temporal lobe and is of particular importance in the formation of new long-term memories? a) hippocampus b) caudate c) colliculus d) hypothalamus

b) the left hemisphere is better for local processing

Which is true with regard to hemispheric specialization in object recognition? a) the right hemisphere is better for local processing Correct Answer b) the left hemisphere is better for local processing c) not a single study has yielded evidence for the hypothesis of global precedence d) the left hemisphere is better for global processing

pulvinar

Which nucleus of the thalamus is involved in top down attention?

b) hippocampus

Which of the following brain areas is not especially involved in face recognition? a) regions of the superior temporal sulcus b) hippocampus c) fusiform face area d) anterior regions of the temporal lobe

c) ERP studies have shown that faces produce a specific component that does not occur for other categories of visual stimuli

Which of the following statements is completely true? a) there is evidence that faces are processed differently than other classes of objects b) a right visual field advantage has often been found for face recognition c) ERP studies have shown that faces produce a specific component that does not occur for other categories of visual stimuli d) the inversion effect refers to the fact that inverted stimuli are easier to process than upright stimuli

d) They can still learn new skills, such as the serial reaction time task, after the injury.

Which of the following statements is true of the kind of amnesia demonstrated by people with bilateral hippocampal damage (like patients H.M. and R.B.) or people with diencephalon injury (like people with Korsakoff's syndrome)? a) They remember meeting new people after the injury. b) They forget their dates of birth. c) They have good memory for learning facts after the injury but fail to show priming effects. d) They can still learn new skills, such as the serial reaction time task, after the injury.

frontal lobe

Which part of the brain is most responsible for maintaining vigilance?

b) "where" ; "what"

With regard to the two main output pathways from the occipital lobe, ________ is to ________ as dorsal is to ventral. a) "what" ; "who" b) "where" ; "what" c) "who" ; "what" d) "what" ; "where"

d) implicit memory

Word-stem completion tasks are used to examine... a) spatial memory b) none of these c) explicit memory d) implicit memory

d) retrograde amnesia.

Your favorite cartoon character has been struck over the head and can no longer remember his name or where he lives. This is an example of... a) retrograde aphasia. b) anterograde amnesia. c) anterograde aphasia. d) retrograde amnesia.

d) Nondeclarative memory

________ does NOT affect behavior consciously. a) Explicit memory b) Declarative memory c) Episodic memory d) Nondeclarative memory

a) aphasia

________ is a general term for deficits in language comprehension and production that occur as the result of brain injury. a) aphasia b) alexia c) anomia d) agrammatism

early selection

________ is the idea that a stimulus does not have to be completely analyzed before it can be either selected for further processing or rejected as irrelevant.

c) learning ; memory

________ is the process of acquiring new information, whereas ________ is the trace that results from this process and can be revealed at a later time. a) memory ; learning b) recognition ; recall c) learning ; memory d) recall ; recognition

selective attention

________ refers to the ability to choose certain sensory inputs for further information processing while ignoring others.

b) encoding

________ refers to the processing of incoming information to be stored. a) retrieval b) encoding c) recall d) explicit memory

b) prosody

________ specifically refers to the variations in the pitch of a speaker's voice that convey emotion and emphasis in speech. a) speech segmentation b) prosody c) phonology d) orthography

a) semantic

__________ memory is knowledge that allows the formation and retention of facts, concepts, categories, and word meaning and retention of information about ourselves and the people we know—all of which are expressed across many different contexts. a) semantic b) none of these c) syntactic d) phonologic

Ekman argues for ___ basic emotions.

a) 6

This region of the brain is involved in memory and emotion.

a) DLPFC

Both the auditory and visual system pass through the thalamus. The visual system passes through the ________ geniculate nucleus, while the auditory system passes through the _______ geniculate nucleus. a) Lateral; medial b) Medial; lateral c) Superior; inferior d) Inferior; Superior

a) Lateral; medial

The cerebellum modulates motor activity. a) True b) False

a) True

The lateral pathway connecting the brain to the muscles crosses over in the medulla. a) True b) False

a) True

Which of these is not a looping circuit of the basal ganglia: a) VLPFC b) Anterior cingulate loop c) Oculomotor group d) Motor loop

a) VLPFC

Depth perception is primarily enabled by: a) binocular disparity b) optic radiations c) contextual modulation d) cortical blindness

a) binocular disparity

In comparison with gross motor movements, fine motor movements are generally characterized by one motor neuron innervating _______ muscle fiber(s). a) fewer b) 1 c) more d) equivalent

a) fewer

The primary motor cortex is responsible for... a) force and directional components of movement b) developing an internal representation of the movement c) generating movement d) none of these are correct

a) force and directional components of movement

The HPA-axis begins in the....

a) hypothalamus

This/there area(s) of the brain helps with orienting to important stimuli in our environment: a) more than one of these. b) anterior colliculus c) superior colliculus d) inferior colliculus

a) more than one of these.

Motor activity can be organized into models based on the following characteristics except: a) number of muscle fibers innervated b) types of movement c) optimal feedback control d) roles within a hierarchy

a) number of muscle fibers innervated

The orbitofrontal cortex is an integration area for which two senses? a) olfaction b) proprioception c) audition d) vision

a) olfaction

Our vision is projected back to the brain in a ____________ fashion. a) retinotopic b) tonotopic c) hemotopic d) chromatopic

a) retinotopic

Due to a defect in one type of photoreceptor, Susan has poor vision at night, when light levels are relatively low. Which type of photoreceptor is defective? a) rods b) ganglion cells c) cornea d) cones

a) rods

Which term is used to describe an idiosyncratic union between or within sensory modalities, such as experiencing the color red whenever seeing the letter A? a) synesthesia b) achromatopsia c) akinetopsia d) agnosia

a) synesthesia

Our auditory cortex has a ___________ representation in the brain. a) tonotopic b) retinotopic c) intensitopic d) location mapped

a) tonotopic

Classical conditioning usually involves the amygdala.

a) true

Emotions seem to be processed differently (i.e., lateralized) based on certain characteristics (i.e., like how positive/negative they are).

a) true

During movement, the anterior cingulate does the following: a) generates an internal model of the movement b) detects when an action is erroneous c) contributes to the timing patterns of muscle activity d) switches between different patterns of movement initiation and cessation

b) detects when an action is erroneous

The direct route of the basal ganglia _________ movement. a) suppresses unwanted movements b) facilitates ongoing movement c) suppresses voluntary movements d) facilitates inhibition

b) facilitates ongoing movement

Facial expressions are symmetrical in most individuals.

b) false

Guilt is a basic emotion.

b) false

Individuals with damage to their amygdala process faces the same way that healthy individuals do.

b) false

The amygdala is comprised of one nucleus.

b) false

This part of the brain is primarily responsible for preparing the body during a fight or flight situation:

b) hypothalamus

Neurons from the spinal cord going to the motor cortex cross over in this structure of the brain. a) cerebellum b) medulla c) pons d) thalamus

b) medulla

This structure is primary involved in reward processing.

b) nucleus accumbens

The basic taste umami is experienced when eating foods rich in a) carbohydrates b) protein c) minerals d) fat

b) protein

Which sense relies on glomeruli for transduction? a) touch b) smell c) taste d) sight

b) smell

Simple cells in the primary visual cortex selectively respond to visual stimuli based on a) direction of stimulus motion b) stimulus orientation c) distance of the stimulus from the viewer d) stimulus color

b) stimulus orientation

Damage to this portion of the cerebellum would lead to balance problems and postural instability. a) spinocerebellum b) vestibulocerebellum c) cerebrocerebellum d) none of these answers are correct.

b) vestibulocerebellum

With regard to the two main output pathways from the occipital lobe, ________ is to ________ as dorsal is to ventral. a) "what" ; "who" b) "what" ; "where" c) "where" ; "what" d) "who" ; "what"

c) "where" ; "what"

The cerebellum is made up of which of the following? a) vestibulocerebellum b) cerebrocerebellum c) all of these regions. d) spinocerebellum

c) all of these regions.

If you were to conduct a single-cell recording from a neuron in the MT region of the extrastriate visual cortex, you would probably find that the cell fires most vigorously to a a) bar of light that alternates in color between red and green. b) bar of light tilted at a 15° angle in the center of the cell's receptive field. c) bar of light that moves across the cell's receptive field. d) corner-shaped region of light on a dark background.

c) bar of light that moves across the cell's receptive field

This part of the brain is responsible primarily for initiation and cessation of motor movements. a) anterior cingulate b) motor cortex c) basal ganglia d) posterior cingulate

c) basal ganglia

Which of these is not a part of the emotional response:

c) changes in musculature

Alien limb syndrome is an example of a ______________ movement disorder. a) cerebellar b) basal ganglia c) cortical d) subcortical

c) cortical

Which pathway enables our conscious experience of seeing? a) lateral geniculate b) tectopulvinar c) geniculostriate d) basal ganglia

c) geniculostriate

The striatum is composed of all of the following regions, except: a) nucleus accumbens b) putamen c) globus pallidus d) caudate

c) globus pallidus

Which part of the brain is involved in pain processing and interoception?

c) insula

The medial pathway connecting the brain to the muscles controls the following: a) contralateral trunk and proximal muscles. b) none of these. c) more than one of these. d) ipsilateral trunk and proximal muscles.

c) more than one of these

The orbitofrontal cortex is an integration area for which two senses? a) somatosensation and vision b) somatosensation and proprioception c) olfaction and gustation d) vision and audition

c) olfaction and gustation

Rods and cones are known as a) retinoreceptors b) auditory receptors c) photoreceptors d) proprioceptors

c) photoreceptors

Basic emotions have all of these characteristics, except...

c) they have the same valence

How negative or positive an emotion is refers to its ____________, while how intense the emotion is refers to _____________.

c) valence; arousal

Motion is primarily processed in this extrastriate region of the occipital lobe: a) V1 b) V2 c) V4 d) MT

d) MT

________ refers to the inability to initiate spontaneous movement. a) bradykinesia b) chorea c) athetosis d) akinesia

d) akinesia

All of the following motor disorders originate subcortically, except: a) Tourette's b) Parkinson's disease c) Huntington's disease d) apraxia

d) apraxia

When deciding whether or not to turn left in front of oncoming cars at a stoplight, our brains rely on ________________ to help determine depth perception. a) contextual modulation b) left hemifield vision c) geniculate nucleus activation d) binocular disparity

d) binocular disparity

We have three types of cone receptors that respond to one of the following colors: a) blue, green, purple b) orange, blue, green c) red, blue, yellow d) blue, green, red

d) blue, green, red

Which of these is NOT a basic emotion?

d) contempt

This model of integration of function within the cerebellum states that the cerebellum is involved in predictive movement, and computes an error signal between how well the prediction matches the end result of the movement. a) prediction model b) anticipation model c) timing device model d) forward model

d) forward model

The part of our eye with the highest acuity is the ______________. a) optic chiasm b) ganglion cells c) retina d) fovea

d) fovea

Which part of the motor system is involved in controlling saccades? a) basal ganglia b) cingulate cortex c) supplementary motor area d) frontal eye fields

d) frontal eye fields

The primary auditory cortex has 3 main divisions. Which of these is not a division of the auditory cortex? a) belt b) parabelt c) core d) hyperbelt

d) hyperbelt

Complex, well-learned motor acts are primarily processed by this region of the brain, which is also responsible for generating an internal model of movement. a) occipitotemporal junction. b) motor cortex. c) anterior cingulate. d) inferior parietal lobe.

d) inferior parietal lobe

Complex, well-learned motor acts are primarily processed by this region of the brain, which is also responsible for generating an internal model of movement. a) motor cortex. b) occipitotemporal junction. c) anterior cingulate. d) inferior parietal lobe.

d) inferior parietal lobe.

The primary visual cortex is sometimes referred to as: a) V1 b) cingulate cortex c) striate cortex d) more than one of these

d) more than one of these

We are able to locate the direction a sound is coming from, largely due to: a) feedback loops b) delay lines c) coincidence detectors d) more than one of these

d) more than one of these

The ______________ is the synapse between a neuron and muscle fibers. a) motor unit b) myelin gap c) epimysium d) neuromuscular junction

d) neuromuscular junction

Information about which of the following senses does not pass through the thalamus on the way to the cortex? a) vision b) somatosensations c) audition d) olfaction

d) olfaction

The crossover point for the optic nerve is called the: a) optic radiation b) optic deviation c) optic hemitopia d) optic chiasm

d) optic chiasm

_______ specifically refers to the variations in the pitch of a speaker's voice that convey emotion and emphasis in speech.

d) prosody

The primary visual pathway is best described as a) retina → optic nerve → hypothalamus → superior colliculus → occipital lobe. b) retina → hippocampus → thalamus → superior colliculus → occipital lobe. c) retina → cochlea → optic chiasm → thalamus → occipital lobe. d) retina → optic nerve → optic chiasm → thalamus → occipital lobe.

d) retina → optic nerve → optic chiasm → thalamus → occipital lobe.

The HPA axis control which response?

d) stress

The primary auditory cortex is located in the.... a) medial geniculate nucleus b) inferior temporal lobe c) occipital lobe d) superior temporal lobe

d) superior temporal lobe

maintaining alertness continuously over time

vigilance is....