NFS 2200 Chapter 8 and eating disorders

Type 1 Diabetes

Condition in which the pancrease typically does not secrete any insulin; insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Usually juvanile onset.

Diabetes

Disorder of the carbohydrate metabolism resulting from either insufficient metabolism, ineffective insulin or a combination of the two

Which of the following dietary components is thought to be protective against certain types of cancer?​

Fiber

Of the ten leading causes of illness and death, how many are associated directly with nutrition?​

Four

Being obese is known to increase the probabilities of contracting which diseases?

Heart disease, cancers, strokes, diabetes mellitus

In the otherwise stable person with type 1 diabetes, a potential problem associated with physical activity is​

Hypoglycemia

Type 2 diabetes usually develops after people reach the age of​

40

Potatoes that are fried or baked at high temperatures are a source of the carcinogen

Acrylamide

What are the diet-related factors that can inhibit cancer

Alcohol and tabacco use, cooking meats at high temperatures, grilling meats, diets in high red meats and processed meats, presence pf acrylamide

Binge eaters differ from individuals with bulimia nervosa by

Being overweight or obese and not purging after a binge

A friend of yours has eroded teeth, visits the bathroom after meals and lately has been making excuses for not attending parties. Due to these signs you feel she may have

Bulimia nervosa

Macroangiopathies are disorders of the

Capillaries

Which of the following is a leading cause of both blindness and kidney failure?​

Diabetes

Most often ___________________ underlies energy deficiencies in athletes.

Disordered eating

The higher risk for breast cancer in obese women after menopause is thought to result mainly from chronic exposure to​

Estrogen

Risk factors for developing cancer

Genetics, immune function impairment, enviromental influences

What term is given to the condition of an athlete who has a disordered eating pattern resulting in dehydration, loss of glycogen stores, and loss of lean muscle mass?

Relative Energy deficiency in sports

The location for the treatment of anorexia nervosa depends upon the

Severity

Which of the following describes the actions of a carcinogen?​

Initiates cancer

Which of the following is a characteristic of amenorrhea?

It induces prolonged bone loss

Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes?​

It is an autoimmune disorder

A tumor that releases cells, leading to the spread of cancer to other regions of the body, is said to​

Metastasize

What are the major defects for type 2 diabetes?

Obesity, aging, inherited factors

The first dietary objective in the treatment of anorexia is to

Stop further weight loss

A complication of diabetes is blurry vision, which results from swelling of the lenses of the eye caused by conversion of excess glucose to​

Sugar Alcohols

The most important dietary strategy in diabetes is to

Provide a consistent carbohydrate intake

An abnormal mass of cells are called

Tumor

What are the two main types of diabetes?

Type 1 and Type 2

What is the prevalence in diabetic population for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Type 1- 5-10% Type 2- 90-95%

Which condition is characterized by insulin resistant fat cells?

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following conditions is characterized by insulin resistance of fat cells?​

Type 2 diabetes

The excessive thirst common in diabetes is known as​

​polydipsia.

How does cancer develop?

Develop from mutations in the genes that regulate cell division, as tumor develops, a network of blood vessels develops that help to feed and promote the tumor growth, then the tumor can release the cells into blood or lymph and Metastasize to other organs/systems.

What are lifestyle factors that contribute to chronic disease?

Diet, Physical activity, overweight, tobacco use, alcohol and drug use

Most people with type 2 diabetes have​

Excess body fat

Environmental influences for developing cancer

Exposure to radiation and sun, water and air pollution, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, diet

What dietary component is thought to be protective against certain types of cancers

Fiber

How can you reduce your risk for developing cancer?

Fruit and vegetable intake, rich sources of fiber, maintenance of healthy body weight, physical activity, moderate alcohol use, no tobacco use

The food-related goals for the treatment of bulimia nervosa include

Helping a person gain control over food and helping to establish regular and healthful eating patterns

The type of food that is often eaten during binges is

High fat, high carbohydrate food

What is the primary reason for increased urine output in uncontrolled diabetes?

High levels of blood glucose spill into the urine, drawing water with it by osmosis

Which of the following risk factors for disease may be modified by diet?​

Low HDL level

What are some chronic complications of diabetes?

Most chronic complications revolve around the damage occurring when there is excess glucose in the blood for an extended period of time.

Cancer

Not a single disorder, but it includes different types of malignancies. Differ in characteristics, location in the body, course of action, and treatment

What are some antipromoters

Omega-3s, fiber, beta-carotense

What is the name of the cancer-treatment substance first extracted from the bark of old Pacific yew trees (and now synthesized in the laboratory)?​

Paclitaxel

The frequent urination common in diabetes is known as​

Polyuria

What are the Medical Nutrition Therapy Approach

Provide the same amount of carbohydrates each day, encourage complex carbs high in fiber and other nutrients, and weight reduction is necessary for people with type 2

Insulin resistance is defined as

Reduced sensitivity of cells to blood insulin

The medical nutrition therapy provided for anorexia nervosa involves gradual increase of energy (calories). This is important to prevent

Refeeding Syndrome

What are the factors of potential causes of eating disorders?

Sociocultural and psychological

A substance that causes cancer is best termed a

Carcinogen

What percentage of people with diabetes have type 1?​

5-10

Among the leading causes of death in the United States diabetes ranks number​

7

What is ayurveda?

A Hindu system for enhancing the body's ability to prevent illness and to heal itself

What are the major defects for type 1 diabetes?

Autoimmune diseases, viral infections, inherited factors

Macrovascular

Chronic complication of diabetes that affects large blood vessels, diseases such as atherosclerosis and other heart diseases

Microangiopathies

Chronic complication of diabetes that affects small blood vessels, leading to loss of kidney function and eyesight

Neuropathies

Chronic complication of diabetes that affects the nerves, leading to loss of sensation in extremities. Neuropathies and loss of circulation in the extremities increase risk of wound infections

What are the signs and symptoms of eating disorders

Constant dieting, Hiding food or food wrappers, Eating in secret, Eating to the point of discomfort or pain, Self-induced vomiting, Laxative use, Excessive exercise, Frequent bathroom trips after eating.

Which of the following cooking techniques for meats results in formation of the highest amounts of carcinogens?​

Broiling

Some of the signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa include

irregular or loss of menstrual periods, growth of fine hair on arms, legs and face, extremely thin

What is believed to be the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?​

​Defect of the immune system

In which of the following conditions would the pancreas be unable to synthesize insulin?​

​Type 1 diabetes mellitus

How should you managed diabetes?

Three fold approach; Diet, exercise, and medication

A person with binge eating disorder is typically overweight or obese

True

In what condition would the pancreas be unable to synthesize insulin?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

What is the age of onset for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Type 1- <30 years Type 2- >40 years

Do type 1 or type 2 diabetes require insulin secretion?

Type 1- always Type 2- sometimes

What is the insulin secretion for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Type 1- little or none Type 2- varies, may be normal, increased or decreased

Which type of diabetes is more prevalent?

Type 2

Brooke is a 42-year-old obese person who seems to be always hungry and thirsty. She is constantly drinking sodas and likes to end her dinner every night with a big piece of chocolate cake and ice cream. After going to the doctor, Brooke is diagnosed with diabetes. Which type of diabetes does Brooke most likely have?

Type 2 diabetes

Insulin resistance is defined as​

Reduced sensitivity of cells to blood insulin

What is an emetic?

A substance that induces weight loss

What are the three types of eating disorder?

Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder

Antipromoter

Defend against cancer

Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes that can be regulated by diet, exercise, and drugs other than insulin; Non-insulin-Dependant (NIDDM)

What are the Medical Nutrition Therapy Goal for Diabetes Management?

Maintain optimal nutrition status, control blood glucose levels, achieve desirable blood lipid profile, control blood pressure

Which of the following foods is known to be a protective factor for esophageal cancer?​

Nonstarchy vegetables

One of the factors that has been identified in relation to the development of anorexia nervosa is sexual abuse. This factor is part of the category of causes.

Sociocultural