NOSB Packet of Death (Pgs 9-16)

Mapping the ocean floor became easier with "GLORIA"

Geological Long Range Inclined Asdic

Gyres in balance with pressure gradient and Coriolois effect

Geostrophic gyres

Animal that lived the longest

Giant Clam 180 yrs (Kio - 228 yrs)

Kraken?

Giant squid (Architeuthis)

Ship proven it is possible to drill at 20,000+ ft

Glomar Challenger (IGY)

GLWQA

Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement 1972

Why is the green sea turtle named so?

Green fat

General term for bird waste

Guano

Three air circulation cells

Hadley cells 0-30 Ferrel cells 30-60 Polar cells 60-0

Turtles whose shells are used for jewelry?

Hawksbill Turtle

Depth of water - Surface, Central, Intermediate, Deep, Bottom water

Sur ~200m Cen ~Bottom of thermocline Int ~1500m Deep ~ BW ~Sea floor

Least developed sense of a bird?

Taste

Type of bird with polarizing filters on eyes

Tern and peregrine falcon(?)

Lake Michigan ecosystem due to this alien invader

Zebra Mussel

Connecting Superior and Huron is the ___ river

St. Mary's

To get to a sea, what must you sail through?

Strait

Connects Persian Gulf to Oman Gulf

Strait of Hormuz

Connects Red Sea with Med

Suez Canal

Lake highest in elevation? Lowest?

Superior (600' > MWL) Ontario

Ocean water freezes at

-1.91 Celsius

Rogue wave formation

Constructive interference

Bird used by Asians to catch fish

Cormorant

Bird food storage organ

Crop

Robert Peary and Amundsen did what?

1st to N Pole, 1st to S Pole

Great Lakes are ___% fresh water

20%

Pure water most dense at

4 degrees Celsius

Lake Superior is ___ ft above sea level

600'

Number of states bordering the Great Lakes?

8

Hadal zone begins at

> 6000m

Where are salt glands on turtles?

Above the eyes

These two penguins spend their whole life in Antarctica

Adelic and Emperor

Largest wing spans?

Albatross 12'

Marine iguanas eat?

Algae

Longest migration bird - Arctic to Antarctic?

Arctic Tern (18,000 miles)

Beach shoreline sculpted by little mini bays

Cusps

Opposite of swash

Backwash

Toothless whales have this instead of teeth

Baleen

Largest whale?

Blue whale

How deep can an eddy reach?

Bottom

First to explore the St. Lawrence Seaway?

Cartier

Born in salt water > fresh > spawn in salt water

Catadramos

1st European to explore Great Lakes

Champlain

Purpose of Octopus/squid ink

Decoy or smell

Smallest member of Odonticetti

Dolphin

Significance of the Ben Franklin

Drifted 30 days FL to NY underwater; built/piloted by August Piccard

City at Western tip of Lake Superior

Duluth, Minnesota

Smallest fish?

Dwarf pigmy goby - fresh; Marshall island goby - salt

How is the grey whale feeding so unusual?

Eats off the bottom

Largest pinniped

Elephant seal

Most common organism called krill

Euphausid - zooplankton

Zone that receives light penetration

Euphotic -About 200m

Cold vs. warm blooded

Exothermic vs endothermic

Where you find the nictitating membrane on a bird

Eye

How does a leatherback turtle survive in cold water?

Fat

Dubbed largest thief - bird can't land on water

Frigate

Zone outside of 200 nm EEZ

High seas

Origin of the word Halibut

Holy- Butt-

Whale noted for its song?

Humpback

Connects Lake Michigan to Mississippi

Illinois Waterway

ITCZ

Intertropical convergence zone -eq doldrums-

Changes in atmospheric pressure and wind direction in Tropical Pacific

Southern Oscillation

Location of extratropical storms? N Hemisphere is clockwise

Junction of Ferrel and Polar Cells ~60 Latitude

Most densely populated of the Great Lakes

Lake Erie

Great Lake that is entirely within the US

Lake Michigan

Major lake in the system but not part of the Great Lakes

Lake St. Clair

Largest turtles

Leatherbacks

Why do sea turtles eat bags?

Look like jelly fish

Dolphin's reception sounds

Lower jaw

Ilicum?

Lure of angler fish

Strait separating Lake Huron to Michigan

Mackinac

Give a member of the Sirenia

Manatee

Origin of sounds in a dolphin

Melon

Imaginary line separating N and S Hemisphere ~5 degrees N of Eq where there is a thermal equilibrium?

Meteorological equator?? Not geographical equator??

Marine bird that doesn't nest on land?

None

% of N. and S. Hemispheres covered with water?

N~60 and S~80

Niagara River connects ___ Lake with ___

Ontario, Erie

Lakes from E to W

Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, Superior

Grampus old genus name for?

Orca

Water balance

Osmosis

Family of eared seals

Otarridae

Only sea mammal which uses tools

Otters and Dolphins

Study of the ocean past

Paleoceanography

Sessile?

Permanently attached

Most algae found in ___ zone

Photic

Major autotrophs -producers- of the sea

Phytoplankton

Most common mechanism to extract cores of sediment

Piston Corer

Biblical reference in Exodus to ___

Red Tide

Lock at entrance to Lake Superior

Sault Saint Marie

Two pest fish in Great Lakes

Sea Lampreys and Alewives

Only marine mammal without blubber

Sea otter

Walrus eat?

Shell fish

Why are dolphins born tail first?

So they don't drown

El Nino

The current

Tendency to resist temperature change

Thermal Inertia

Currents that flow E to W or W to E

Transverse currents

Countercurrents that exist beneath surface current

Undercurrent

How do penguins swim differently?

Use their wings

Most similar to a sea gull (habits): hawk, sparrow, vulture, owl

Vulture

It has 8 locks and overcomes the 3261' drop Niagara Falls

Welland Canal

Name lock and canal between Ontario and Erie

Welland Canal