November 6-10

collective resistance

an organized effort to change a power hierarchy on the part of a less-powerful group in a society.

racialization

the formation of a new racial identity by drawing ideological boundaries of difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people

segregation

the legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity.

genocide

the mass killing of a group of people based on racial, ethnic, or religious traits.

nativism

the movement to protect and preserve indigenous land or culture from the allegedly dangerous and polluting effects of new immigrants.

Race

a group of people who share a set of characteristics-typically, but not always, physical ones-and are said to share a common bloodline

Between 1924 and 1979, the state of virginia performed sterilizations on individuals deemed "unfit". This included people with epilepsy, which today is recognized and treated as a medical condition. These cases represent a manifestation of

-eugenics***** -environmentalism -nativism -social darwinism

In some urban neighborhoods, buying food staples requires a lengthy journey to another (more white) part of the city. "Food Deserts" are a significant problem for people whose resources are limited. Based on the text, a food desert is a possible marker of

-segregation -apartheid -pluralism***** -racialization

The brief review of Peggy Mcintoshs essay on white privilege lists just a few of the 50 privileges that Mcintosh identified in her original work, which included not being asked to represent your entire race and being able to match bandage colors to your skin tone. Which of the following could also be considered white privilege?

-socializing sons how to interact with police to avoid fatal confrontations -offers of scholarships based on affirmative -being able to choose any seat you wish on public transportation **** -Having to worry about how to pay for college

primordialism

Clifford Geertz's term to explain the strength of ethnic ties because they are fixed in deeply felt or primordial ties to one's homeland culture.

What is the single largest ethnic group in the United States today?

German Americans: During the two wars with Germany, many German Americans changed their names to be less German sounding.

Reasons why residential segregation is such a serious social problem:

Reasons: It fosters a culture of segregation. It is hard to change or prevent. It leads to other forms of segregation. NonReasons: There is no remedy for laws mandating residential segregation. Segregated neighborhoods encourage a sense that segregation is the normal state of things. Segregated communities lead to segregated schools and segregated workplaces

straight-line assimilation

Robert Park's 1920s universal and linear model for how immigrants assimilate: they first arrive, then settle in, and achieve full assimilation in a newly homogenous country.

An 1851 article in Harper's Weekly described a certain racial group as having a "small and somewhat upturned nose" and skin with a "black tint." Which racial group was the article referring to?

The article went on to liken the Irish to wild bison that could not be fenced in.

symbolic ethnicity

a nationality, not in the sense of carrying the rights and duties of citizenship but of identifying with a past or future nationality. For later generations of white ethnics, something not constraining but easily expressed, with no risks of stigma and all the pleasures of feeling like an individual.

subaltern

a subordinate, oppressed group of people.

discrimination

harmful or negative acts (not mere thoughts) against people deemed inferior on the basis of their racial category, without regard to their individual merit

institutional racism

institutions and social dynamics that may seem race-neutral but actually disadvantage minority groups.

scientific racism

nineteenth-century theories of race that characterize a period of feverish investigation into the origins, explanations, and classifications of race.

social Darwinism

the application of Darwinian ideas to society-namely, the evolutionary "survival of the fittest"

A Muslim classmate from your introductory sociology course helps organize a march protesting discrimination against Muslim American on Campus. Hundreds of students from area colleges participate. What type of action is this?

-code switiching -collective resistance*** -straight-line assimilation -withdrawal

Why are Asian Americans sometimes labeled a "model minority"

-in general, Asian Americans have not tried to hold on to their ethnic identities and have instead adopted white culture -Asian immigration has mostly brought highly educated and highly skilled people to the united states -compared to other minorities, most Asian Americans have achieved educational and financial success in the United States**** -Asian Americans have experienced very little discrimination because they have adapted so well to white norms

Native Americans have been the target of racial and ethnic abuses since Europeans arrived. In Indian Bureau boarding schools and schools provided on reservations, English was mandatory and childeren were severely punished if they spoke or wrote their native language, resulting in the gradual erosion of culture. This policy was an attempt at

-linguistic purity -educational party -ethnic cleansing -forced assimilation***

In her interview with Dalton Conley , Jen'nan read discusses the meaning of the terms "Arab" and "Muslim". Prior to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, Arab American were mostly unnoticed in the United States. Since, then, however, Arab Americans have been the targets of racism and discrimination, and they have now been effectively radicalized because

-the census has determined that all Arab Americans are Muslim -Of the interest in identifying members of the same ethnic group**** -Of the tendency to conflate the terms "Arab" and "Muslim" -right-wing nativists have enacted laws that identify Arab Americans as Muslim

The Nazi regimes belief that it had to protect a superior race from contamination by inferior races stemmed in part from

-the concept of rationalization -concerns about racial passing -the science of phrenology -the notion of social Darwinsim****

Numerous methods have been devised to ensure that peoples racial categorization was clear. The "one-drop" rule was a particular U.S. method, which arose from miscegenation laws forbidding interracial marriage. The fundamental flaw with the "one-drop" rule is that

-the one-drop rule required blood testing verification of race on birth certificates, which were later used to reinforce anti-miscegenation laws -the one-drop rule was not as accurate a determination as other tests -enforcement of the one-drop rule meant that, if found out, the individuals would need to get a divorce -the one-drop rule depended on a nonexistent ability or test to detect, biologically, the presence of African heritage*******

Identify the factors that contributed to the decline and near-disintegration of Native American cultures in North America, following the arrival of European explorers in the late fifteenth century

Contributing: Forced assimilation disease military technology forced relocation Not contributing: Slavery

Correct and incorrect statements about race

Correct: Racial is a social construct Race is about bloodniess Incorrect: Race is not real Race is by definition always about difference in physical appearence Race is like the sex/gender system: it is a scheme for attaching social meaning, often arbitrary, to physical facts about a person's birth origins.

Symbolic ethnicity today is a matter of choice for white middle-class Americans, but not for black middle-class Americans. Identify the factors behind this difference

Factors: For a black person, in the eyes of society, skin color is a defining characteristic. For a white person, in the eyes of society, skin color is not a defining characteristic. A black person cannot choose to be considered either white or black. A white person can choose to be considered (for instance) Irish or German. A black person cannot choose to be considered (for instance) Kenyan or Nigerian. Nonfactors: A white person can choose to be considered either white or black.

Most Native Americans in the United States live on reservations.

False: only about one in five live on reservations

social theorists to the ideas they espoused

Park and Gordon: posited four stages; Park expanded the list to seven, a model in which immigrant groups go through a multistep process that ends with full assimilation Glazer and Moynihan: was an unusual figure: a career politician and at the same time a productive scholar, an understanding of ethnicity as a fluid and circumstantial construct, used for social leverage as needed Isaacs and Geertz: This understanding of ethnicity is called primordialism.,the observation that ethnicity is fixed and remains part of the thinking of even well-assimilated groups

Identify the major human population types, according to Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1788).

Types: Causcasian American Mongoloid Ethiopian Malay Not types: European African

Eugenics

literally meaning "well born" a pseudoscience that postulate that controlling the fertility of populations could influence inheritable traits passed on from generation to generation

When, during World War II, Japanese American families were given notice of their mandatory relocation to internment camps, how much time were they given to dispose of their lands and other property?

one week: Dumping all the property on the market in a very short time caused values to plummet, with catastrophic consequences for the relocated families.

ethnicity

one's ethnic quality or affiliation. It is voluntary, self-defined, nonhierarchal, fluid and multiple, and based on cultural differences, not physical ones per se.

one-drop rule

the belief that "one drop" of black blood makes a person black, a concept that evolved from U.S. laws forbidding miscegenation.

racism

the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits

ethnocentrism

the belief that ones own culture or group is superior to others and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of ones own

ontological equality

the philosophical and religious notion that all people are created equal

pluralism

the presence and engaged coexistence of numerous distinct groups in one society

miscegenation

the technical term for interracial marriage; literally meaning "a mixing of kinds"; it is politically and historically charged—sociologists generally prefer exogamy or outmarriage.

prejudice

thoughts and feelings about an ethnic or racial group.

In her interview with Dalton Cooley, Jennifer Lee observes that the black-white divide is now the black-nonblack divide. Her argument is based on the experiences of first and second generation Asians and Latinos, a group in which each successive generations outcomes improve. Among black American this not the case, however. Disparities are apparent between blacks and all other groups in

wealth and Income