NSC 170 Chapter 2

Researchers will often submit their studies to journals for publication rather than a magazine because other specialist in the field, or _____ ____, will evaluate their work first

peer reviewers

A _______ ______ is an expression that describes clues to signal possible misinformation

red flag

When a researcher or a funding source could potentially gain from a particular study outcome there is a risk of

researcher bias

"Your doctor is not telling you all you need to know about your disease" this is an example of what

scare tactics

A type of printed media that focuses on detailed scientific research rather than short articles and advertisements is a ____ ______

scientific journal

Why do nutrition recommendations change

scientists change their recommendations in light of new research findings

_____ are often used to collect information about personal and family medical history and health behaviors

surveys

True/False A friend's personal experience with a product is known as am anecodte

true

Who is the most dependable source for nutrition information

Registered dietitian

What is the US Food and Drug Administration capable of doing

Regulating nutrition claims on product labels Regulating health-related claims on product labels

It is unlikely that a peer reviewed article would include

advertisements

A _____ is a report of personal experiences

anecdote

A website that is authored or sponsored by one person is likely to provide _____ information

biased

Generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a(n)

placebo

To understand why Asian cultures have a lower risk of heart disease than other groups a researcher may conduct

population-wide studies

Members of the treatment group

receive a medication or exercise that is being evaluated

A(n) _____ is a personal endorsement of a product. These endorsements are bias and often found in advertisements for various products.

testimony

True or false: Population-based studies are incapable of establishing cause and effect relationships between independent and dependent variables

true

The FTC is responsible for

Enforcing consumer protection laws and investigating complaints about misleading health claims

The ____ enforces consumer protection law and investigates complaints about false or misleading health claims that appear on the internet

FTC

The _________ ____________ Study of 1949 is one of the most well studies examining the relationship between various personal characteristics and health outcomes

Framingham Heart

A study in which only the investigator is aware of which participants are in which group is known as a ____ _____ study.

single blind

The most effective way to collect data for a population is by using

surveys

In order to more effectively evaluate treatments, researchers will often compare a treatment group to a _____ group

control

If neither the subject nor the researcher are aware if the subject is in the control or treatment group this would be considered a _____ _____ study

double blind

What were risk factors for heart disease identified by the Framingham Heart Study?

elevated cholesterol cigarette smoking

Researchers will often use small mammals such as rats for what reason

ethical concerns, it is less expensive to house them in labs, safety issues

A(n) ______ is a systematic way of testing a scientific question

experiment

What ramifications are possible for false claims by product promoters

nothing can be done

A registered dietitian is highly trained and has extensive knowledge in what areas

nutrition, health related conditions, food

The second step in the scientific method is developing a _____

question

When a patient believes that a treatment will improve his or her health and therefor is more likely to report positive results, this is known a s

the placebo effect

T/F Medical professionals face a great deal of risk if the select a product based on financial gain rather than effectiveness of treatment

true

T/F Testimonials are not a valid representation of a product's effectiveness

true

The ______ Amendment of the US constitution guarantees freedom of the press and speech, so people can provide false nutrition information

first

In a population study it is important to determine what is influenced by environment versus a persons _______, or inherited traits, in the development of a disease

genetics