NSC 170 Chapter 2
Researchers will often submit their studies to journals for publication rather than a magazine because other specialist in the field, or _____ ____, will evaluate their work first
peer reviewers
A _______ ______ is an expression that describes clues to signal possible misinformation
red flag
When a researcher or a funding source could potentially gain from a particular study outcome there is a risk of
researcher bias
"Your doctor is not telling you all you need to know about your disease" this is an example of what
scare tactics
A type of printed media that focuses on detailed scientific research rather than short articles and advertisements is a ____ ______
scientific journal
Why do nutrition recommendations change
scientists change their recommendations in light of new research findings
_____ are often used to collect information about personal and family medical history and health behaviors
surveys
True/False A friend's personal experience with a product is known as am anecodte
true
Who is the most dependable source for nutrition information
Registered dietitian
What is the US Food and Drug Administration capable of doing
Regulating nutrition claims on product labels Regulating health-related claims on product labels
It is unlikely that a peer reviewed article would include
advertisements
A _____ is a report of personal experiences
anecdote
A website that is authored or sponsored by one person is likely to provide _____ information
biased
Generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a(n)
placebo
To understand why Asian cultures have a lower risk of heart disease than other groups a researcher may conduct
population-wide studies
Members of the treatment group
receive a medication or exercise that is being evaluated
A(n) _____ is a personal endorsement of a product. These endorsements are bias and often found in advertisements for various products.
testimony
True or false: Population-based studies are incapable of establishing cause and effect relationships between independent and dependent variables
true
The FTC is responsible for
Enforcing consumer protection laws and investigating complaints about misleading health claims
The ____ enforces consumer protection law and investigates complaints about false or misleading health claims that appear on the internet
FTC
The _________ ____________ Study of 1949 is one of the most well studies examining the relationship between various personal characteristics and health outcomes
Framingham Heart
A study in which only the investigator is aware of which participants are in which group is known as a ____ _____ study.
single blind
The most effective way to collect data for a population is by using
surveys
In order to more effectively evaluate treatments, researchers will often compare a treatment group to a _____ group
control
If neither the subject nor the researcher are aware if the subject is in the control or treatment group this would be considered a _____ _____ study
double blind
What were risk factors for heart disease identified by the Framingham Heart Study?
elevated cholesterol cigarette smoking
Researchers will often use small mammals such as rats for what reason
ethical concerns, it is less expensive to house them in labs, safety issues
A(n) ______ is a systematic way of testing a scientific question
experiment
What ramifications are possible for false claims by product promoters
nothing can be done
A registered dietitian is highly trained and has extensive knowledge in what areas
nutrition, health related conditions, food
The second step in the scientific method is developing a _____
question
When a patient believes that a treatment will improve his or her health and therefor is more likely to report positive results, this is known a s
the placebo effect
T/F Medical professionals face a great deal of risk if the select a product based on financial gain rather than effectiveness of treatment
true
T/F Testimonials are not a valid representation of a product's effectiveness
true
The ______ Amendment of the US constitution guarantees freedom of the press and speech, so people can provide false nutrition information
first
In a population study it is important to determine what is influenced by environment versus a persons _______, or inherited traits, in the development of a disease
genetics