NSCI 2114 - Exam Five (Pre-Quiz)

a. equilibrium

In a healthy individual with a daily requirement of 500 mg sodium, what would be the sodium balance after an intake of 10 g of common salt? a. equilibrium b. slight positive balance c. strong positive balance d. moderate positive balance

c. milk.

Naturally occurring food sources of fluoride include all of the following except a. teas. b. tuna. c. milk. d. shrimp.

a. 5

Sam has recently been diagnosed with high blood pressure. His doctor recommended adopting the DASH diet plan. Along with including more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, he was also advised to reduce daily sodium intake to no more than 2000 mg. How much salt (g) would be allowed under Sam's restriction? a. 5 b. 6.5 c. 8 d. 9.5

c. hypochromic anemia.

Signs of iron toxicity include all of the following except a. apathy. b. fatigue. c. hypochromic anemia. d. increases in infections.

d. 45.

The approximate percentage of water in pizza is a. 5. b. 15. c. 30. d. 45.

c. obligatory water excretion.

The minimum amount of water that must be excreted by the body to dispose of its wastes is termed a. life supporting fluid loss. b. mandatory water fraction. c. obligatory water excretion. d. minimum daily water requirement.

a. insufficient intake of iodine from foods.

The most common cause of iodine deficiency is a. insufficient intake of iodine from foods. b. overconsumption of other trace elements. c. overconsumption of anti-thyroid substances. d. pituitary deficiencies of thyroid-stimulating hormone

c. ionic dissociates

(?) The concentration of electrolyte charges is measured in: a. solute minerals b. milliequivalents c. ionic dissociates d. total atomic masses

b. simple goiter.

A person ingesting large amounts of thyroid antagonist substances is at high risk of developing a. cretinism. b. simple goiter. c. high blood T3 levels. d. high blood thyroxine levels

a. decreasing iron absorption.

A person with high blood levels of hepcidin responds by a. decreasing iron absorption. b. increasing iron absorption. c. decreasing zinc absorption. d. increasing zinc absorption

b. 30.

A person's highest bone density is achieved by around age (years) a. 18 b. 30 c. 55 d. 70

b. one-half as much

About how much iron is absorbed from a vegetarian diet compared with an omnivorous diet? a. the same b. one-half as much c. twice as much d. three times as much

b. retention of sodium

Aldosterone and renin each function to promote: a. electrolyte balance b. retention of sodium c. excretion of calcium d. constriction of blood vessels

d. the recommended intake has recently been set at 10 mg/kg body weight

All of the following are characteristics of chloride in nutrition except a. deficiencies are extremely rare. b. intake is related, in large part, to sodium intake. c. it is necessary for maintaining electrolyte balance of body fluids. d. the recommended intake has recently been set at 10 mg/kg body weight

b. provide rigidity for the bones and teeth.

Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to a. provide energy for cells. b. provide rigidity for the bones and teeth. c. regulate the transmission of nerve impulses. d. maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits

a. 30-40 yrs

At what age do adults normally begin to lose bone mass? a. 30-40 yrs b. 40-50 yrs c. 50-60 yrs d. 60-70 yrs

d. increased iron absorption

Common side effects of taking a high-dose calcium supplement include all of the following except: a. constipation b. excessive gas c. intestinal bloating d. increased iron absorption

d. high blood pressure

Barbara has been healthy up to the past couple of weeks, but since then has been complaining of considerable muscle weakness. Her doctor just received the results of blood tests, which showed that she is deficient in potassium, for which of the following disorders is she most likely to be at risk? a. rickets b. arthritis c. low blood pressure d. high blood pressure

d. parathyroid hormone

Tiffany is a strict vegan and does not consume calcium rich plant foods nor supplements of calcium. Which of the following is most responsible for maintaining her blood calcium levels in the normal range? a. calcitonin b. calmodium c. hydroxapatite d. parathyroid hormone

a. Bone density

What does a DEXA scan measure? a. Bone density b. Severity of bone microfractures c. Bioavailability of calcium supplements d. Calcium absorption and excretion balance

b. 1/10

What fraction of the total iron content of a normal diet is heme iron? a. 1/100 b. 1/10 c. 1/3 d. 1/2

c. A substance that interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland

What is a goitrogen? a. One of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland b. A substance that enhances absorption of dietary iodide c. A substance that interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland d. A compound used to supplement salt as a way to increase iodide intake

a. 45 mg/day

What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for iron? a. 45 mg/day b. 90 mg/day c. 120 mg/day d. twice the RDA

c. 150 µg

What is the adult RDA for iodine? a. 45 µg b. 100 µg c. 150 µg d. 225 µg

a. albumin

What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation? a. albumin b. metallothionein c. carbonic anhydrase d. high-density lipoproteins

d. potassium

What is the major intracellular cation? a. sodium b. calcium c. phosphate d. potassium

a. pica

What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances? a. pica b. goiter c. tetany d. hemosiderosis

b. 3-4%

What minimum level of body weight loss as water impairs a person's physical performance? a. 1-2% b. 3-4% c. 5-9% d. 10-15%

a. iodine

What nutrient deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with cretinism? a. iodine b. copper c. chromium d. molybdenum

c. Functional foods

What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances which may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition? a. Health foods b. Organic foods c. Functional foods d. Disease preventative foods

d. Certain green vegetables

Which of the following are good sources of dietary calcium? a. Fruits b. Breads c. Enriched grains d. Certain green vegetables

d. Metallothionein: promotes zinc homeostasis

Which of the following defines an association between a protein and a function of zinc? a. Thyroxine: zinc transporter b. Globulin: transports zinc into cells c. Transferrin: essential to zinc excretion d. Metallothionein: promotes zinc homeostasis

d. Fluoride

Which of the following does not have an RDA? a. Iron b. Zinc c. Iodine d. Fluoride

c. chicken

Which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form? a. rice b. spinach c. chicken d. orange juice

b. spinach

Which of the following green vegetables shows the lowest bioavailability of calcium? a. kale b. spinach c. broccoli d. mustard greens

c. Even moderate alcohol intake reduces bone density

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alcohol and bone health? a. Alcohol intake promotes urinary calcium loss b. Bone breakdown is enhanced by excessive alcohol consumption c. Even moderate alcohol intake reduces bone density d. Hormones involved in bone maintenance are adversely affected by alcohol intake

c. absorption from foods is poor

Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of copper in nutrition? a. deficiency is rare b. legumes are a rich source c. absorption from foods is poor d. absorption is reduced by ingestion of zinc supplements

b. kidney failure

Which of the following is NOT among the conditions associated with zinc deficiency? a. altered taste b. kidney failure c. abnormal night vision d. poor healing of wounds

a. adrenaline

Which of the following is NOT among the factors that are effective in regulating the body's water balance? a. adrenaline b. aldosterone c. angiotensin d. anti-diuretic hormone

a. caffeine

Which of the following is NOT known to affect iron bioavailability from complete meals? a. caffeine b. phytates c. Vitamin C d. MFP factor

c. On average, women do not eat enough iron-containing foods

Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition? a. Iron plays an important role in the synthesis of thyroxine b. On average, people absorb about 50-60% of dietary iron c. On average, women do not eat enough iron-containing foods d. Iron deficiency represents the second most common mineral deficiency in the United States

c. deficiency is associated with hypertension

Which of the following is a feature of magnesium nutrition? a. the average body contains about 100g b. blood is a major reservoir of the mineral c. deficiency is associated with hypertension d. dietary intake data are the sum of the amounts from food and water

a. Can cause toxicity

Which of the following is a feature of potassium supplements? a. Can cause toxicity b. Should always be taken with diuretics c. Necessary in treatment of low blood pressure d. Absorption of the mineral decreases markedly as intake increases

d. The AI for young adults is only 1500 mg because the body possesses an unusually efficient retention mechanism

Which of the following is a feature of sodium nutrition? a. It has no AI because diets rarely lack sodium b. It has no AI because the kidneys are highly efficient at regulating sodium balance c. The AI is 3 g, an amount that has been shown to have little or no effect on blood pressure d. The AI for young adults is only 1500 mg because the body possesses an unusually efficient retention mechanism

d. It is the most common genetic disorder in the United States

Which of the following is a feature of the disorder hereditary hemochromatosis? a. It is characterized by acrodermatitis b. It is found primarily in women of child-bearing age c. It is associated with defects of copper and zinc absorption d. It is the most common genetic disorder in the United States

c. Copper deficiency due to interference with copper absorption

Which of the following is a known side effect of prolonged ingestion of excessive amounts of zinc supplements? a. Iron toxicity due to increased ferritin synthesis b. Zinc salt deposits in soft tissues such as the heart and kidneys c. Copper deficiency due to interference with copper absorption d. Mineral-binding protein deficiency due to a decrease in metallothionein production

b. Muscle weakness

Which of the following is a symptom of potassium deficiency? a. Extreme thirst b. Muscle weakness c. Profound sweating d. Lowered blood pressure

b. Changes in behavior precede the appearance of anemia

Which of the following is descriptive of iron deficiency and behavior? a. The practice of pica may enhance iron absorption b. Changes in behavior precede the appearance of anemia c. The practice of pica may delay the onset of iron-induced behavioral changes d. Adults are more resistant to iron-induced behavioral changes than children

a. excessive fluoride in the water

Which of the following is known to cause discolored enamel of the teeth? a. excessive fluoride in the water b. insufficient fluoride in the water c. excessive intake of simple sugars d. inability of the body to absorb fluoride

b. They reduce the incidence of goiter in developing countries

Which of the following is not a feature of zinc supplements? a. They induce nausea and bad taste reactions when administered in zinc lozenges b. They reduce the incidence of goiter in developing countries c. They reduce the incidence of diarrhea-related deaths in children d. They reduce the incidence of pneumonia-related deaths in the elderly

b. Goiter

Which of the following may result from iodine deficiency? a. Gout b. Goiter c. Anemia d. Hypertension

b. copper

Which of the following minerals functions primarily in reactions that consume oxygen? a. zinc b. copper c. chromium d. molybdenum

a. they can induce dehydration

Why are salt tablets generally not recommended for people engaged in physical activity? a. they can induce dehydration b. they suppress the thirst mechanism c. they may lead to complete kidney failure d. they reduce blood glucose concentration

c. protein

Zinc content is highest in foods that also contain a large amount of​: a. fat b. fiber c. protein d. carbohydrate

c. 80

Approximately how much water (lbs) is found in a 134 lb person? a. 34 b. 65 c. 80 d. 105

d. 35% of the loaf

Approximately how much water is in a loaf of bread? a. 2% of the loaf b. 5% of the loaf c. 20% of the loaf d. 35% of the loaf

a. 1

Approximately what percentage of the body's calcium is found in the blood? a. 1 b. 5 c. 15 d. 25

b. enhancing osteoblast activity.

Anabolic drug treatments for osteoporosis work chiefly by a. stimulating estrogen release. b. enhancing osteoblast activity. c. stimulating calcium absorption. d. reducing renal calcium excretion.

a. oyster shells

Among calcium supplements, which is most likely to be contaminated with toxic minerals? a. oyster shells b. calcium lactate c. calcium citrate d. calcium carbonate

c. late iron deficiency.

The erythrocyte protoporphyrin level is used as an indicator of a. late iron toxicity. b. early iron toxicity. c. late iron deficiency. d. early iron deficiency.