Nuero

The typical number of connections a neuron makes with neighboring neurons is:

10,000

During sleep there is ______ neural activity.

high amount

In most humans, the left hemisphere of the brain is more heavily involved in:

language

Approximately 80% of those incarcerated in prisons are mentally ill.

False

The brain is simple and its various functions are easily studied and explained.

False

A soldier has shrapnel imbedded in his leg, but needs to have an image taken of his brain. Due to safety concerns, a doctor would likely AVOID using:

MRI

Deep brain stimulators have been used for several decades to treat movement disorders such as:

Parkinson's disease

What are all examples of psychiatric?

Social anxiety, major depression, and bipolar disorder

Which of the following abilities is not an emergent property of the brain?

They are all emergent properties

How can the mere thought of giving a speech produce chemical changes in the brain?

Thinking itself is grounded in a series of chemical changes

A neuroscientist who wants to study the blood flow in the occipital lobe may use voxel-based morphometry to accomplish this.

True

scizophrenia

a psychotic disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes;hallucinations

Before you can "hear" the lyrics of your favorite song, the pattern of vibrations in the air must be converted into:

action potentials

The desire to move away from the edge of a steep cliff has clear survival value. This tendency reflects the long process of psychological:

adaptation

A scientist interested in studying ____ may use a large-group lesion study.

addiction, empathy, fear

A lion fends off hyenas after killing an antelope. This behavior is determined by which survival function?

agonism

Alzheimer's disease

an irreversible, progressive brain disorder, characterized by the deterioration of memory, language, and eventually, physical functioning

A patient is initially diagnosed with influenza, but later tests indicate that the patient may be suffering from strep throat. The patient continues to believe she has influenza. This is an example of:

anchoring bias

Studying the brain has led to improvements in facial recognition and computer speech recognition, advancing the field of:

artificial intelligence

A patient with a lesion in two areas of the brain is unable to recognize the faces of loved ones. We should conclude that:

at least one region may be involved in facial recognition

A neuron has inputs connected to the auditory region of the brain. We can assume that this neuron plays a role in

auditory perception

Electrical pulses produced by neurons travel along specialized extensions called:

axons

Theory of Mind, or the ability to build models of the thoughts and beliefs of others, helps us when we want to:

beat an opponent, choose a gift for friend, avoid a faux pas

If people reject a logically valid argument merely because the conclusion is difficult to accept, they are exhibiting:

belief bias

Memory depends more on

between things than the details of the things themselves.

The puzzle of figuring out which sights, sounds, and smells belong to the same object in the external world is called the ____ problem.

binding

Your brain controls ____

body temp, sleep cycle, running strides

Our capacity to translate our inner thoughts into packets of communication is called:

language

A lesion study in the 1860s led to the discovery of this region of the brain, linked to the production of language:

brocas area

Stimulation studies are useful because they can provide a _____ link between brain activity and function.

causal

The field that seeks to understand the brain function underlying human thoughts and behaviors is called:

cognitive neuroscience

Routine daily activities like brushing your teeth involve ____ processing in the brain.

complicated

A man believes that all foreigners are unintelligent. Seeking out websites with similar opinions and ignoring information that contradicts his opinion demonstrates which cognitive bias

confirmation bias

Microelectrodes, positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are all examples of _______ methods of studying the brain.

correlational

When a region of the brain is activated during a task, we have established a _____ relationship.

correlational

Although it has been years and years since Johnny studied dinosaurs in school, when shown a picture of a stegosaurus, he can still tell you that the stegosaurus was a large herbivore with plates running along its back. This is an example of:

declarative memory

You are able to list the names of your first-, second-, and third-grade teachers. This is an example of:

declarative memory

Multiple sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation can help patients with:

depression

Although seemingly simple for the human brain, sophisticated computers still have trouble:

determining the meaning of speech

Continued neuroscience research has the potential for:

developing more direct interfaces that allow for more seamless connections between our brain and external devices understanding the computational architecture of the brain at the microscopic scale of neural networks and interconnections developing tools that will help us stick to our resolutions and inhibit counterproductive impulses

A scientist wants to use a noninvasive technique to compare neural tracts between two groups of people. The scientist will likely use:

diffusion tensor imaging

Humans have a top-heavy nervous system, but other animals, such as starfish and jellyfish, have nervous systems that are:

distributed throughout their bodies

You are having a conversation with a friend and say something that upsets him. You immediately notice that his facial expression flashes from one of anger to a false smile. This indicates that humans:

do not have physical changes in the brain when they are experiencing a particular emotion are very good at recognizing emotions in human faces

Despite the vast number of people effected by neurological and psychological disorders, there is a lack of:

effective treatment

While taking a walk, your eyes focus on a passing car. Your eyes take this information and convert it into: Group of answer choices

electrical signals

A good deal of what that brain believes it is experiencing depends on its:

expectations

Advances in neuroscience have lead to changes in how we view:

eyewitness testimony psychiatric disorders drug addiction

A neuroscientist who wants to study the blood flow in the occipital lobe may use voxel-based morphometry to accomplish this.

false

Brain function is not affected by viruses, only degenerative diseases such as dementia.

false

Invasive surgeries are no longer used in neuroscience research.

false

Neuroscientists have discovered what each region of the brain is responsible for, down to the smallest parts.

false

The brain is a fixed map that remains the same from birth to death.

false

There is no longer any relevant use for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

false

What you are thinking has no bearing on physical changes in your body.

false

When you come across a potential danger to yourself, the rising fear in your brain prepares your body for:

fight of flight

A neuroscientist wants to study how different regions of the brain respond to different images of spiders. The best method to use is

fmRI

One modern technique for identifying individual neurons within brain tissues requires inserting _____ into the neurons so they will fluoresce under a specific color of light

genes

A bird searches nearby trees for shelter. This searching is determined by which survival function?

homeostasis

MRI relies on the reorientation of which atom?

hydrogen

A woman falls down a flight of stairs and hits her head, causing damage to the right side of her brain leading to problems moving her entire left arm. If she had happened to damage the corresponding region on the left side of her brain instead, we would expect to see:

impaired movement of the right arm

The following can damage areas of the brain

infections from viruses,traumatic injuries, degenerative

A traumatic injury, such as a blow to the head, may result in brain:

lesions

A 70-year-old woman is asked what she did on her 16th birthday. She answers that she had a party and received her first car as a gift. This is an example of:

long term memory

Brain techniques such as rTMS or tDCS could be used to promote long-term thinking or short-term thinking?

long-term

When using the scientific method, one must

make observations, develop a , generate specific and testable predictions, and perform experimental testing.

A laboratory animal subject is displaying signs of increased levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter. A neuroscientist may use _____ to sample the concentration of neurotransmitters directly from brain tissue.

microdialysis probes

A person with epilepsy is undergoing surgery. A neuroscientist may implant _____ during the procedure in order to study the electrical activity of neurons.

mircoelectrodes

Emotions help us determine what is

most at any given time.

We can assume that a given neuron is associated with controlling eye movements if the neuron has outputs connected to:

muscles surrounding the eye

When we produce the various aspects of language, the brain uses:

network area

Specialized cells that process information in the brain are called:

neurons

You haven't ridden a bicycle in 6 years, yet when your friend invites you to go cycling and you get on the bike, your body automatically starts to balance and pedal. This is an example of

non-declarative memory

You sit on the couch to enjoy a relaxing afternoon of knitting. You pick up the needles and your hands start to move, seemingly without much effort. This is an example of:

non-declarative memory

Seeking outside assessment on experimental results is part of the _____ process.

peer review

When basic emotions are compared across cultures, we find that:

people are more similar than different

Just like blood pressure and eye movements, ______ processes underlie more complex behavior and thinking.

physical

A woman is born in France and learns the French language, but at age 30 she moves to Germany and begins to understand and speak German. This is an example of:

plasticity

The brain's ability to change and retain changes is called:

plasticity

Using MRI, variations in tissue can be detected according to the way in which ____ absorb and return energy.

protons

MRI uses magnetic pulses and _____ to generate scans of body tissue

radio signals

Emotions

recognize threats, plan our actions and decide what is important

A neuroscientist would be interested in learning how the brain

remembers new info, understands speech, regulates body temp

Successful use of the scientific method to conduct an experiment requires the use of:

repeatable measurements

Confirming earlier findings by repeating the same experiment multiple times is called:

replication

An example of a human brain interface device is the

retinal implant

When a scientist makes an observation, forms a hypothesis, generates specific and testable predictions, and performs experimental testing, she is using the:

scientific method

language is composed of

semantics + syntax, repetition/feedback adn speech production

You search online for the phone number to your dentist, dial it, then cannot remember the number once you hang up. This is an example of:

short term memory

The two hemispheres of the brain are:

similar in some ways, but different in others

A popular hypothesis for the function of sleep is:

sleep allows the brain to run simulations of key actions before testing them out in the real world sleep plays a critical role in learning and consolidating memories, and in forgetting inconsequential details sleep is restorative, saving and replenishing the body's energy stores

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and:

spinal cord

Which of the following are NOT bilateral organisms? Group of answer choices mollusks birds worms sponges

sponges

When two cells in your brain are active at the same time, the connection between them:

strengthens

A blockage of blood supply to the brain might result in a:

stroke

Patients who have suffered from _____ or a spinal cord injury would greatly benefit from the ability to regrow damaged neurons.

stroke

Most neuroscientists believe that memory storage depends on changes at the _____, the tiny connection between brain cells.

synaspses

When the scientist asserts, "If our hypothesis is true, we should be able to observe differences in behavior," she is making a(n):

testable prediction

Lateralization

the division of function between the brain hemispheres

To follow the connections to and from a given neuron, scientists use chemical

tracers

A form of noninvasive brain stimulation involving the use of a positively charged cathode and a negatively charged anode is called

transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

When healthy volunteers have their brain stimulated with ____, they can experience involuntary movement of the left hand.

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Even a weak blow to the head may result in damage and loss of brain function.

true

High-speed, low-cost computing power and unprecedented amounts of detailed biological data have contributed to recent growth in the field of neuroscience.

true

Lesion studies are useful in determining which regions of the brain are critical for certain functions, such as vision, speech, and balance.

true

Neuroscience has been helpful is understanding problems such as the misinformation effect and co-witness contamination.

true

Neuroscience research is very helpful in determining which regions of the brain are correlated with specific bodily functions and actions.

true

The brain readily solves problems such as recognizing human faces from almost any angle and retrieving relevant memories from a large database.

true

The functions of our brains have changed and adapted over time.

true

The left and right hemispheres of the brain, while appearing to be quite similar, actually have different specialties, such as speech on the left side and music on the right.

true

The location of a neuron's inputs and outputs will indicate the function of the neuron.

true

The problem of drug addiction may be aided by neuroscience research on both the pharmacological effects of drugs and what brain mechanisms drive addiction.

true

The scientific method is a multistep process that allows for a systematic approach to science.

true

Neuroscience research is expected to help clinician scientists:

understand how the brain functions identify effective targets for brain stimulation develop new, effective treatments for disorders of the brain

The best way to compare the thickness of cortex between clinical groups would be:

voxel-based morphometry

Eyewitness testimony can be contaminated by:

weapon focus cue overload the other-race effect