NUR 121, CHAPTER 3, PREPU
The nursing instructor identifies the need for further instruction in regards to health and illness when a student makes which statement? "Spiritual beliefs can influence a person's health." "The intellectual dimension is very important to a person's health." "Self-concept does not influences a person's health." "There are several factors that make up the physical dimension."
"Self-concept does not influences a person's health." Explanation: Self-concept is very important to a person's health. It incorporates how a person feels about himself and the way that person perceives the physical self. Spiritual beliefs, intellectual dimension, and physical dimension all are factors that influence a person's health-illness status.
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease? It persists for a long time. It is a sequela of acute illness. It takes a long time to cure. It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.
It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time. Explanation: Chronic illness has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time. It is usually seen in old age. It may or may not be due to acute illness. Chronic diseases are a major cause of morbidity in the population.
The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. What level(s) of health promotion is this an example of? Primary Secondary Tertiary Medical
Primary Explanation: Primary health promotion and illness prevention is directed toward promoting good health and preventing the development of disease process or injury. Primary level activities include immunization clinics, providing poison-control information, and education about seat belt and child-safety seat use.
The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which is an example of a primary prevention measure? use of condoms and safer sex practices annual Pap smears for the female students HIV screening testicular examinations for the male students
use of condoms and safer sex practices Explanation: Safer sex practices, which include the use of condoms, is an example of primary prevention measures. HIV screening, annual Pap smears, and testicular examinations are secondary prevention measures.
Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care? assisting with speech therapy for a client with a traumatic brain injury administration of immunizations to a 6-month-old child blood pressure screenings at a senior center teaching stress reduction classes at a wellness center
assisting with speech therapy for a client with a traumatic brain injury Explanation: Tertiary prevention begins after the illness and is used to help rehabilitate clients. Speech therapy is an example of tertiary preventive care. The administration of immunizations and teaching stress reduction classes are examples of primary preventive care. Blood pressure screening is an example of secondary preventive care.
A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp? illness prevention health promotion high-level wellness reversal of self-care deficit
health promotion Explanation: The education on lifestyle choices is part of health promotion activity, which focuses on protecting the person's health. The goal of the prevention of illness is to detect and prevent the illness. High-level wellness focuses on maximizing the person's highest potential for functioning. Reversal of self-care deficits would involve therapeutic interventions that are directed at contributing factors.
The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed: homeostasis. equilibration. self-conception. biofeedback.
homeostasis. Explanation: Homeostasis is the organism's attempt to restore balance. Equilibration is a distractor for this question. Self-conception is related to the individual's feelings and attitudes about oneself. Biofeedback is a relaxation technique
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with nutritional deficits. Which is the priority intervention for this client? teaching about weight loss program teaching about intake of food and vitamins teaching about binge eating acknowledging weight problem
teaching about intake of food and vitamins Explanation: Priority management according to Maslow's hierarchy starts at physiological needs and includes the need for oxygen, food, water, rest, and elimination. Therefore, teaching the client about intake of food and vitamins is most appropriate for the client who has nutritional deficits. Teaching about weight loss programs, teaching about binge eating, and acknowledging the client's weight problem are examples of other needs that are not the priority.
A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Residual prevention
Tertiary prevention Explanation: Tertiary prevention in health care deals with rehabilitation of the client. Teaching the client to walk with a walker is tertiary prevention.
Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors? The Agent-Host-Environment Model The Health-Illness Continuum The High-Level Wellness Model The Health Belief Model
The Agent-Host-Environment Model Explanation: The Agent-Host-Environment is useful for examining the cause of disease in an individual. The agent, host, and environment interact in ways that create risk factors. The Health-Illness Continuum is a way to measure a person's level of health. The High-Level Wellness Model is characterized by functioning to one's maximum potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment. The Health Belief Model is used to describe health behaviors.
The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as: illness agent-host-environment health belief model high-level wellness
high-level wellness Explanation: High-level wellness is defined as recognizing health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning.
After studying concepts of health and wellness, the nursing student realizes that many different things influence a client's personal perception of health. Which of the following influences should the student list as factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply. Family Culture Community Society Music
Family Culture Community Society Explanation: Each client defines health in terms of his or her own values and beliefs. The person's family, culture, community, and society also influence this personal perception of health.
A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address? coronary artery disease lung cancer emphysema cerebrovascular accidents
coronary artery disease Explanation: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Lung cancer, emphysema, and cerebrovascular accidents are not the leading causes of death in the United States.
A client is admitted to the mental health centre with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is priority for the nurse to manage? freedom from harm lack of support low self-esteem feelings of belonging
freedom from harm Explanation: Safety and security is the priority for the client, so freeing the client from harm is what the nurse must address first. Lack of support, low self-esteem, and feelings of belonging, although still important to address, are not as critical as safety and security.
A nurse is educating women on the need for calcium to prevent bone loss. What level of prevention does this represent? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Residual prevention
Primary prevention Explanation: Primary prevention or primary health care involves the education of clients in the prevention of disease.
What is the definition of wellness? being without disease an active state of being healthy a desire to be without disease maximizing the state in which you live
an active state of being healthy Explanation: Wellness, a reflection of health, is an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.
A man with Alzheimer's disease in a nursing home will follow directions for dressing and feeding better with one nurse than with other staff members. This factor is related to Empathy Aggression Health belief model Therapeutic model of interaction
Therapeutic model of interaction Explanation: The Therapeutic Model of Interaction is client-centered and emphasizes the relationship between the health professional and the client.
When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which of the following concepts? Focus on what can no longer be. Focus on what is possible. Focus on why the client has the illness. Focus on the altered functioning.
Focus on what is possible. Explanation: When a client has a chronic illness, the nurse needs to make every effort to promote health with a focus of care that emphasizes what is possible rather than what can no longer be. The others should not be a focus at this time.
What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for? To define a medical framework for the care of the disabled. To create a forum for improving rehabilitative care. To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors. To formulate care plans for the disabled population.
To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors. Explanation: Several models of health promotion and illness prevention have been used to help health care providers understand health-related behaviors and adapt care to people from diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. The models include the health belief model, the health promotion model, the health-illness continuum model, and the agent-host-environment model. These models do not define a medical framework in the care of the disabled; these models do not create a forum for improving rehabilitative care; and these models do not formulate care plans for use with the disabled.
A client with Crohn's disease in remission is admitted to the nursing unit for follow-up care. The remission state is characterized by: permanent relief from the signs and symptoms. disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease. periodic occurrence in clients with long-standing diseases. reactivation of the disease and presence of symptoms.
disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease. Explanation: Remission is a temporary state of disappearance of the signs and symptoms related to a particular disease. It is of short duration, but the duration is unpredictable. It is a condition opposite to exacerbation, which is characterized by reactivation of symptoms. Remission is not permanent, but is rather a temporary relief from signs and symptoms. Exacerbation is the periodic occurrence of disease in clients with chronic diseases.
A patient with a lump in her breast calls her primary care physician to schedule an appointment for an evaluation. Based upon the patient's actions, what stage of illness is the patient demonstrating? Assuming the sick role Experiencing the symptoms Assuming the dependent role Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Assuming the sick role Explanation: Seeking out a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment is an example of assuming the sick role. Experiencing the symptoms occurs when a person recognizes one or more symptoms. Assuming the dependent role is characterized by the patient's decision to accept the diagnosis and follow the prescribed treatment plan. Achieving recovery and rehabilitation is characterized by the patient giving up the dependent role and resuming normal activities and responsibilities.
When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by his personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating understanding of which health model? Clinical model Holistic health model Health belief model High-level wellness model
Health belief model Explanation: According to the health belief model, a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. According to the clinical model, health is defined narrowly as the absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury. The holistic model views individuals as ever-changing systems of energy, and the interaction of a person's mind, body, and spirit within the environment. The high-level wellness model is the recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning.
The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed: homeostasis. equilibration. self-conception. biofeedback.
homeostasis. Explanation: Homeostasis is the organism's attempt to restore balance. Equilibration is a distractor for this question. Self-conception is related to the indivterm-20idual's feelings and attitudes about oneself. Biofeedback is a relaxation technique.
The nursing student who has diarrhea before every test and every clinical understands that this is not a healthy behavior. The student is aware that this negative effect can impact overall health. The nurse recognizes that this student needs to focus on which of the following dimensions of health? Physical dimension Emotional dimension Intellectual dimension Sociocultural dimension
Emotional dimension Explanation: This is an example of the emotional dimension. How the mind affects body functions and responds to body conditions also influences health. Long term stress affects body systems, and anxiety affects health habits. Intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive abilities and past experiences, while the physical dimension includes things like genetics, sex, and race. Sociocultural dimensions relate to a client's economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture.
A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, a problem that was accompanied by a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dLm (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomena? Exacerbation Morbidity Infection Risk factor
Exacerbation Explanation: This client has experienced a significant exacerbation of his chronic disease (diabetes mellitus), which has manifested as an acute threat to their health. Morbidity is an epidemiological statistic of the frequency of a disease. The client's problem does not have an infectious etiology and while risk factors underlie their present condition, they are not the essence of their current state.
The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model? It focuses on how people interact with their environments. It focuses on how health is a constantly changing state. It focuses on what people believe to be true about their health. It focuses on factors that predispose a person to infectious diseases.
It focuses on what people believe to be true about their health. Explanation: The Health Belief Model focuses on what people perceive or believe to be true about themselves in relation to their health. The Health Promotion Model focuses on how people interact with their environments, as they pursue health. The Health Illness Continuum Model focuses on health as a constantly ever-chaining state, while The Agent-Host-Environment Model explains how certain factors place a person at risk for an infectious disease.
The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention? promoting safety in the home instructing a client how to use crutches counseling a client about a low sodium diet assessing blood glucose
instructing a client how to use crutches Explanation: Tertiary care is used after an injury or sickness to decrease potential risk and further damage, such as instructing the client on how to use crutches. Promoting safety in the home, counseling a client about a low sodium diet, and assessing blood glucose are examples of primary care.
