NUR 1215 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES UNIT 1

The weight of a client with congestive heart failure is monitored daily and entered into the medical record. In a 24-hour period, the client's weight increased by 2 lb. How much fluid is this client retaining? 1. 1 L 2. 500 ml 3. 1500 ml 4. 1250 ml

1. 1 L

A client has chronic hyponatremia, which requires weekly laboratory monitoring to prevent the client lapsing into convulsions or a coma. What is the level of serum sodium at which a client can experience these side effects? 1. 114 mEq/L 2. 130 mEq/L 3. 135 mEq/L 4. 148 mEq/L

1. 114 mEq/L

Which of the following is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia in the United States? 1. Alcoholism 2. Loss of gastric acid 3. Intestinal resection 4. Inflammatory bowel disease

1. Alcoholism

The nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of hyponatremia. What nursing intervention is appropriate to include in the plan of care for this patient? (Select all that apply.) 1. Assessing for symptoms of nausea and malaise 2. Encouraging the intake of low-sodium liquids 3. Monitoring neurologic status 4. Restricting tap water intake 5. Encouraging the use of salt substitute instead of salt

1. Assessing for symptoms of nausea and malaise 3. Monitoring neurologic status 4. Restricting tap water intake

The nurse is adding the intake and output results for a client diagnosed with dehydration. The nurse notes a 24-hour intake of 1500 mL/day between oral fluids and intravenous solutions. The output total is calculated as 2800 mL/day from urine output, emesis, and Hemovac drainage. Which nursing action is best to maintain an acceptable fluid balance? 1. Offer a prescribed antiemetic medication. 2. Encourage oral fluids. 3. Remove the Hemovac. 4. Suggest a fluid restriction.

1. Offer a prescribed antiemetic medication.

The calcium concentration in the blood is regulated by which mechanism? 1. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 2. Thyroid hormone (TH) 3. Adrenal gland 4. Androgens

1. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A client is being treated in the ICU 24 hours after having a radical neck dissection completed. The client's serum calcium concentration is 7.6 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L). Which physical examination finding is consistent with this electrolyte imbalance? 1. Presence of Trousseau sign 2. Slurred speech 3. Negative Chvostek sign 4. Muscle weakness

1. Presence of Trousseau sign

Which is an insensible mechanism of fluid loss? 1. Nausea 2, Breathing 3. Bowel elimination 4. Urination

2, Breathing

When accessing a CVAD catheter, what is the minimum amount of time the hub is scrub with an antiseptic swab? 1. 5 seconds 2. 15 seconds 3. 10 seconds 4. 20 seconds

2. 15 seconds

The nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit (ICU) following a near-drowning event in saltwater. The client is restless, lethargic, and demonstrating tremors. Additional assessment findings include swollen and dry tongue, flushed skin, and peripheral edema. The nurse anticipates that the client's serum sodium value would be 1. 125 mEq/L (125 mmol/L) 2. 155 mEq/L (155 mmol/L) 3. 145 mEq/L (145 mmol/L) 4. 135 mEq/L (135 mmol/L)

2. 155 mEq/L (155 mmol/L)

A client with an intravenous infusion is rubbing his arm. The nurse assesses the site and decides to discontinue the current infusion because of concern that the client has developed phlebitis. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse assess with phlebitis? Select all that apply. 1. Cool area around the insertion site 2. Reddened area along the path of the vein 3. Tender area around the insertion site 4. Ecchymosis at the insertion site 5. Rapid, shallow respirations

2. Reddened area along the path of the vein 3. Tender area around the insertion site

When medication is administered via CSQI, sites for children are rotated: 1. when the CSQI needle falls out. 2. every 48 to 72 hours. 3. every 2 to 7 days 4. when the infusion is complete

2. every 48 to 72 hours

After administering a medication via IV piggyback, the nurse notes infiltration of medication into the subcutaneous tissue. Agency policy indicates the need for extravasation care including: 1. administer antihistamine or epinephrine. 2. assess injection site for potential injury. 3. administer phentolamine around infiltration site. 4. start new IV site first.

3. administer phentolamine around infiltration site.

Based on the condition of the patient, an intravenous fluid that is hypotonic will be ordered. Which intravenous fluid is most likely to be ordered by the health care provider? 1. Normal saline 2. 5% dextrose and normal saline (D5NS) 3. 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer (D5LR) 4. 0.33% NaCl

4. 0.33% NaCl

What assessment finding should be reported to the provider of care for a client who is taking bumetanide (Bumex) who has a serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L? A. A flattened or inverted T wave/ B. An elevated ST segment. C. A prolonged PR interval. D. Hyperreflexia.

A. A flattened or inverted T wave/

Which of these assessment findings would be most consistent with a serum sodium level - 128 mEq/L. Select all that apply A. Hypotension B. Constipation C. Weight increase D. Decreased DTRs E. Hyperactivity

A. Hypotension D. Decreased DTRs

Which nursing intervention is the priority for a client with a serum sodium of 152 mEq/L? A. Administer IV fluids 0.9% Sodium Chloride as ordered. B. Place suction at the bedside. C. Monitor I & O D. Limit water intake.

B. Place suction at the bedside.

What is the priority of care for a client with a sodium level of 132 mEq/L, BP - 150/90, weight gain of 2 lbs. in last 24 hours and has an order to push PO fluids? A. Review the plan with the UAP. B. Develop a plan for the UAP to administer 60 mL of oral fluids per hour C. Notify the provider of care and verify the order D. Review the importance of recording weight every 48 hours.

C. Notify the provider of care and verify the order

Which of these assessment findings would be most important to report to the healthcare provider for a client with a serum sodium of 147 mEq/L? A.Dry mucous membranes. B.Complaints of being thirsty. C.Urine output drop from 95mL/hr. to 40 mL/hr. D.Skin warm to touch.

C.Urine output drop from 95mL/hr. to 40 mL/hr.

What would be the priority lab value to report to the healthcare provider for a client who has an IV infusing of 0.9% NaCl at 115 mL/hour; has a nasogastric tube to suction, a colostomy, and is becoming restless? A. Creatinine - 1.2 mg/dL. B. Hemoglobin - 14 g/dL, Hematocrit 58%. C. Specific gravity of urine - 1.029. D. Serum sodium - 153 mEq/L.

D. Serum sodium - 153 mEq/L.

Which of these orders it the priority plan for a client who has a sodium level of 148 mEq/L? A. Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). B. Administer sodium bicarbonate as prescribed. C. Administer 3% Sodium Chloride as prescribed. D. Administer 0.45 Normal Saline IV fluids as prescribed.

D. Administer 0.45 Normal Saline IV fluids as prescribed.

Which one of these actions by the new graduate indicates an understanding of how to safely manage the care for a client with a K+ - 5.2 mEq/L? A. Monitors for flat T waves on the ECG monitor. B. Encourages client to use a salt substitute with food. C. Administers the ace inhibitor after assessing the client's blood pressure. D. Verifies with the healthcare provider the appropriateness of a new order to add potassium to IV bag.

D. Verifies with the healthcare provider the appropriateness of a new order to add potassium to IV bag.

The recommended method for IM injection that prevents leakage of medication into subcutaneous tissues is

Z-track

The health care provider ordered an IV solution for a dehydrated patient with a head injury. Select the IV solution that the nurse knows would be contraindicated. a. 0.9% NaCl b. 5% DW c. 0.45% NS d. 3% NS

b. 5% DW

The nurse is caring for four clients on a medical unit. The nurse is most correct to review which client's laboratory reports first for an electrolyte imbalance? 1. A 65-year-old with a myocardial infarction 2. A 52-year-old with diarrhea 3. A 7-year-old with a fracture tibia 4. A 72-year-old with a total knee repair

2. A 52-year-old with diarrhea

Which statement accurately describes the total body water (TBW) composition compared to weight? 1. A 70 kilogram (154 lb) 40-year-old man is 40% water. 2. A 6 kilogram (13.2 lb) 2-month-old neonate is 75% to 80% water. 3. A 60 kilogram 70-year-old is 75% water. 4. A 3 kg 2-week-old is 95% water.

2. A 6 kilogram (13.2 lb) 2-month-old neonate is 75% to 80% water.

The health care provider has ordered 5% dextrose in water as a maintenance fluid for the patient. The nurse is assessing the patient at the beginning of the shift and observes the fluid hanging to be 50% dextrose in water (D50W). Which is the highest priority nursing action? 1. Notify the health care provider of the error. 2. Find out which nurse hung the D50W. 3. Stop the infusion. 4. Complete an incident report.

3. Stop the infusion.

A client presents with anorexia, nausea and vomiting, deep bone pain, and constipation. The following are the client's laboratory values. sodium 137 mEq/L (137 mmol/L)potassium 4.6 mEq/L (4.6 mmol/L)chloride 94 mEq/L (94 mmol/L)calcium 12.9 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L) What laboratory value is of highest concern to the nurse? 1. calcium 12.9 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L) 2. chloride 94 mEq/L (94 mmol/L) 3. potassium 4.6 mEq/L (4.6 mmol/L) 4. sodium 137 mEq/L (137 mmol/L)

1. calcium 12.9 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L)

CSQI is an appropriate route for administration of: 1. fluids to older adults. 2. antibiotics. 3. insulin to infants. 4. all IV medications.

1. fluids to older adults.

A nurse evaluates a client's laboratory results. What is a factor that may be affecting an increase in serum osmolality? 1. free water loss 2. diuretic use 3. overhydration 4. hyponatremia

1. free water loss

A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. What laboratory findings does the nurse determine are consistent with hypovolemia in a female client? Select all that apply. 1. hematocrit level of greater than 47% 2. BUN: serum creatinine ratio of greater than 12.1 3. urine specific gravity of 1.027 4. urine osmolality of 850 mOsm/kg 5. urine positive for blood

1. hematocrit level of greater than 47% 3. urine specific gravity of 1.027 4. urine osmolality of 850 mOsm/kg

The nurse is preparing to administer a transfusion of a blood product. What is the most appropriate intravenous fluid to hang as a maintenance infusion? 1. Lactated Ringer 2. 5% dextrose and water 3. Ringer solution 4. Normal saline

4. Normal saline

A client comes to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. His respiratory rate is 48 breaths/minute, and he is wheezing. An arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.52, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 30 mm Hg, PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3??') of 26 mEq/L. What disorder is indicated by these findings? 1. Metabolic acidosis 2. Respiratory acidosis 3. Metabolic alkalosis 4. Respiratory alkalosis

4. Respiratory alkalosis

Which is the priority intervention when the nurse is assessing a patient with a potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L? 1. Attach telemetry leads for monitoring. 2. Apply oxygen. 3. Administer Kayexalate. 4. Start IV fluids.

1. Attach telemetry leads for monitoring.

A 54-year-old male patient is admitted to the hospital with a case of severe dehydration. The nurse reviews the patient's laboratory results. Which of the following results are consistent with the diagnosis? Select all that apply. 1. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 23 mg/dL 2. Serum osmolality of 310 mOsm/kg 3. Serum sodium of 148 mEq/L 4. Serum glucose of 90 mg/dL 5. Urine specific gravity of 1.03 6. Hematocrit level of 48%

1. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 23 mg/dL 2. Serum osmolality of 310 mOsm/kg 3. Serum sodium of 148 mEq/L 5. Urine specific gravity of 1.03

The nurse is caring for a client with a serum sodium concentration of 113 mEq/L (113 mmol/L). The nurse should monitor the client for the development of which condition? 1. Confusion 2. Headache 3. Nausea 4. Hallucinations

1. Confusion

The nurse is caring for a client with a serum potassium concentration of 6.0 mEq/L (6.0 mmol/L) and a fluid volume excess. The client is ordered to receive oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate and furosemide. What other order should the nurse anticipate giving? 1. Discontinue the intravenous lactated Ringer solution. 2. Increase the rate of the intravenous lactated Ringer solution. 3. Change the lactated Ringer solution to 2.5% dextrose. 4. Change the lactated Ringer solution to 3% saline.

1. Discontinue the intravenous lactated Ringer solution. The lactated Ringer intravenous (IV) fluid is contributing to both the fluid volume excess and the hyperkalemia. In addition to the volume of IV fluids contributing to the fluid volume excess, lactated Ringer solution contains more sodium than daily requirements, and excess sodium worsens fluid volume excess. Lactated Ringer solution also contains potassium, which would worsen the hyperkalemia.

The nurse is assessing a client for local complications of intravenous therapy. Which are local complications? Select all that apply. 1. Extravasation 2. Infection 3. Hematoma 4. Phlebitis 5. Air embolism

1. Extravasation 2. Infection 3. Hematoma 4. Phlebitis

The patient is ordered an isotonic intravenous fluid. Which intravenous fluid is most likely to be ordered by the health care provider? 1. Normal saline 2. 5% dextrose and normal saline (D5NS) 3. 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer (D5LR) 4. 0.33% NaCl

1. Normal saline

Which of the following arterial blood gas results would be consistent with metabolic alkalosis? 1. Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L 2. PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg 3. Serum bicarbonate of 21 mEq/L 4. pH 7.26

1. Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L

A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should anticipate which laboratory test result? 1. Serum sodium level of 124 mEq/L 2. Serum creatinine level of 0.4 mg/dl 3. Hematocrit of 52% 4. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 8.6 mg/dl

1. Serum sodium level of 124 mEq/L

Which electrolyte is the major cation of extracellular fluid? 1. Sodium 2. Potassium 3. Chloride 4. Phosphorous

1. Sodium

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with hyperchloremia. Which are signs and symptoms of hyperchloremia? Select all that apply. 1. Tachypnea 2. Weakness 3. Lethargy 4. Dehydration 5. Hypotension

1. Tachypnea 2. Weakness 3. Lethargy

An implanted venous port is in use for intermittent IV therapy. Which measures should be considered when the medication is infused? 1. Use of a noncoring needle 2. Use of a mechanical stabilization device 3. Use of an electronic infusion device 4. Use of a positive-pressure valve

1. Use of a noncoring needle

A client who complains of an "acid stomach" has been taking baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) regularly as a self-treatment. This may place the client at risk for which acid-base imbalance? 1. metabolic alkalosis 2. metabolic acidosis 3. respiratory acidosis 4. respiratory alkalosis

1. metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is analyzing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client diagnosed with severe pneumonia. Which of the following ABG results indicates respiratory acidosis? 1. pH: 7.20, PaCO2: 65 mm Hg, HCO3-: 26 mEq/L 2. pH: 7.32, PaCO2: 40 mm Hg, HCO3-: 18 mEq/L 3. pH: 7.50, PaCO2: 30 mm Hg, HCO3-: 24 mEq/L 4. pH: 7.42, PaCO2: 45 mm Hg, HCO3-: 22 mEq /L

1. pH: 7.20, PaCO2: 65 mm Hg, HCO3-: 26 mEq/L

After blood specimens are obtained from a CVAD, the minimum volume of solution recommended for flushing is: 1. 3 mL. 2. 5 mL. 3. 10 mL. 4. 20 mL.

3. 10 mL.

Based on the condition of the patient, an intravenous fluid that is hypertonic will be ordered. Which intravenous fluid is most likely to be ordered by the health care provider? 1. Normal saline 2. 5% dextrose and normal saline 3. 2.5% dextrose and water 4. 0.33% NaCl

2. 5% dextrose and normal saline

What is the priority nursing intervention when administering intravenous potassium replacement to the patient? 1. Administer potassium as a bolus over 10 min. 2. Administer the medication using an infusion device. 3. Apply heat to the site of intravenous administration. 4. Teach the patient and family the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia.

2. Administer the medication using an infusion device.

The nurse is administering hypertonic saline solution to treat a patient with severe hyponatremia. Which nursing intervention is the priority? 1. Monitor urinary output. 2. Assess skin for flushing and assess increased thirst. 3. Monitor temperature. 4. Administer antiemetic for vomiting.

2. Assess skin for flushing and assess increased thirst.

The patient has been ordered to receive a unit of packed red blood cells. What is the highest priority nursing action prior to initiating the infusion of the blood product? 1. Verify that a large bore IV is in place. 2. Confirm the identity of the patient. 3. Collect the blood product from the blood bank. 4. Verify that the permit for infusion was witnessed.

2. Confirm the identity of the patient.

A client was admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, which of the following will the nurse teach the client and family? Select all that apply. 1. Drink carbonated beverages to help balance fluid volume. 2. Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs. 3. Drink caffeinated beverages to retain fluid. 4. Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day. 5. Respond to thirst

2. Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs. 4. Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day. 5. Respond to thirst

An elderly client takes 40 mg of furosemide twice a day. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most serious adverse effect of diuretic use? 1. Hyperkalemia 2. Hypokalemia 3. Hypernatremia 4. Hypophosphatemia

2. Hypokalemia

A physician orders an isotonic I.V. solution for a client. Which solution should the nurse plan to administer? 1. 5% dextrose and normal saline solution 2. Lactated Ringer's solution 3. Half-normal saline solution 4. 10% dextrose in water

2. Lactated Ringer's solution

Which electrolyte is the major ion of the intracellular space? 1. Sodium 2. Potassium 3. Chloride 4. Phosphorous

2. Potassium

The nurse is reviewing client lab work for a critical lab value. Which value is called to the physician for additional orders? 1. Magnesium:2 mEq/L 2. Potassium: 5.8 mEq/L 3. Sodium: 138 mEq/L 4. Calcium: 10 mg/dL

2. Potassium: 5.8 mEq/L

A client with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug is admitted to the emergency department. Arterial blood gas values indicate respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse do first? 1. Prepare for gastric lavage. 2. Prepare to assist with ventilation. 3. Obtain a urine specimen for drug screening. 4. Monitor the client's heart rhythm.

2. Prepare to assist with ventilation.

What does the nurse recognize as one of the best indicators of the patient's renal function? 1. Blood urea nitrogen 2. Serum creatinine 3. Specific gravity 4. Urine osmolality

2. Serum creatinine Creatinine is the end product of muscle metabolism. It is a better indicator of renal function than BUN because it does not vary with protein intake and metabolic state.

A nurse is providing client teaching about the body's plasma pH and the client asks the nurse what is the major chemical regulator of plasma pH. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 2. bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system 3. sodium-potassium pump 4. ADH-ANP buffer system

2. bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system

A client reports tingling in the fingers as well as feeling depressed. The nurse assesses positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs. Which decreased laboratory results does the nurse observe when the client's laboratory work has returned? 1. Potassium 2. Phosphorus 3. Calcium 4. Iron

3. Calcium

Air embolism is a potential complication of IV therapy. The nurse should be alert to which clinical manifestation associated with air embolism? 1. Jaundice 2. Slow pulse 3. Chest pain 4. Hypertension

3. Chest pain

A patient receiving a unit of red blood cells suddenly develops shortness of breath, chills, and fever. What will the nurse do first? 1. Reassure the patient that this is an expected reaction. 2. Notify the health care provider while a peer monitors the blood transfusion. 3. Discontinue the infusion. 4. Decrease the infusion rate and reassess the patient in 15 min.

3. Discontinue the infusion.

With which condition should the nurse expect that a decrease in serum osmolality will occur? 1. Influenza 2. Hyperglycemia 3. Kidney failure 4. Uremia

3. Kidney failure

A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance? 1. Respiratory alkalosis 2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Metabolic alkalosis 4. Respiratory acidosis

3. Metabolic alkalosis

Blood cultures are ordered for which type of patient? 1. One with IV site infiltration 2. One for whom the central venous access has been discontinued 3. One suspected of having CLABSI 4. One in need of antibiotics

3. One suspected of having CLABSI

Which is a correct route of administration for potassium? 1. Subcutaneous 2. Intramuscular 3. Oral 4. IV (intravenous) push

3. Oral

Which of the following electrolytes is the primary determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality? 1. Magnesium 2. Potassium 3. Sodium 4. Calcium

3. Sodium

A nurse is conducting an initial assessment on a client with possible tuberculosis. Which assessment finding indicates a risk factor for tuberculosis? 1. The client sees his physician for a check-up yearly. 2. The client has never traveled outside of the country. 3. The client had a liver transplant 2 years ago. 4. The client works in a health care insurance office.

3. The client had a liver transplant 2 years ago.

Treatment of FVE involves dietary restriction of sodium. Which of the following food choices would be part of a low-sodium diet, mild restriction (2 to 3 g/day)? 1. Three ounces of sliced ham, beets, and a salad 2. A frozen, packaged low-fat dinner with a side salad 3. Three ounces of light or dark meat chicken, 1 cup of spaghetti and a garden salad 4. Tomato juice, low-fat cottage cheese, and three slices of bacon

3. Three ounces of light or dark meat chicken, 1 cup of spaghetti and a garden salad

A nurse is caring for a client with metastatic breast cancer who is extremely lethargic and very slow to respond to stimuli. The laboratory report indicates a serum calcium level of 12.0 mg/dl, a serum potassium level of 3.9 mEq/L, a serum chloride level of 101 mEq/L, and a serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L. Based on this information, the nurse determines that the client's symptoms are most likely associated with which electrolyte imbalance? 1. Hyperkalemia 2. Hypokalemia 3. Hypocalcemia 4. Hypercalcemia

4. Hypercalcemia

A client with hypervolemia asks the nurse what mechanism in the sodium potassium pump will move the excess body fluid. What is the nurse's best answer? 1. passive osmosis 2. free flow 3. passive elimination 4. active transport

4. active transport

A client is taking spironolactone to control hypertension. The client's serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority during assessment? 1. neuromuscular function 2. bowel sounds 3. respiratory rate 4. electrocardiogram (ECG) results

4. electrocardiogram (ECG) results

A client presents with muscle weakness, tremors, slow muscle movements, and vertigo. The following are the client's laboratory values: Sodium 134 mEq/L (134 mmol/L) Potassium 3.2 mEq/L (3.2 mmol/L) Chloride 111 mEq/L (111 mmol/L) Magnesium 1.1 mg/dL (0.45 mmol/L) Calcium 8.4 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L) What fluid and electrolyte imbalance would the nurse relate to the client's findings? 1. hyponatremia 2. hypokalemia 3. hypocalcemia 4. hypomagnesemia

4. hypomagnesemia

Clients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because it 1. can cause dehydration. 2. obstructs water elimination. 3. can lead to weight gain. 4. increases the client's desire to consume fluid.

4. increases the client's desire to consume fluid.

When evaluating arterial blood gases (ABGs), which value is consistent with metabolic alkalosis? 1. HCO 21 mEq/L 2. PaCO 36 3. O saturation 95% 4. pH 7.48

4. pH 7.48

During the removal of a nontunneled CVAD, having the patient perform the Valsalva maneuver leads to: 1. decreased anxiety. 2. increased removal time. 3. increased ease of removal. 4. prevention of air entry into the vein.

4. prevention of air entry into the vein.

A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 90 mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 27 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse suspects: 1. metabolic acidosis. 2. metabolic alkalosis. 3. respiratory acidosis. 4. respiratory alkalosis.

4. respiratory alkalosis.

What would be the priority lab value to report for a client with food poisoning and is presenting with abdominal pain, cramping, palpitations, and muscle weakness? A. Chloride 95 - mEq/L. B. Sodium 145 mEq/L. C. Potassium - 3.1 mEq/L. D. Potassium 4.0 mEq/L.

C. Potassium - 3.1 mEq/L.

What lab report would indicate that an elderly client with dementia has not been drinking enough fluids? A .Creatinine - 1.5 mg/dL. B. Hemoglobin - 14 mg/dL, Hematocrit 42% C. Serum sodium - 153 mEq/L. D. Urine specific gravity - 1.003

C. Serum sodium - 153 mEq/L.