NUR243 Chapter 19, 20, 21

testicular torsion

A testicle is abnormally attached to the scrotum and twisted. A medical emergency. Requires immediate surgery because ischemia can result if the torsion is left untreated, leading to infertility. May occur at any age but most commonly occurs in boys aged 12 to 18 years.

A 16-month-old child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease (KD) is very irritable, refuses to eat, and exhibits peeling skin on the hands and feet. The nurse should do which of the following first? 1. Encourage the parents to get some rest. 2. Offer foods the toddler likes. 3. Apply oil to the hands and feet. 4. Place the toddler in a quiet environment.

Place the toddler in a quiet environment.

Urinary and Renal Disorders -Structural disorders

-Bladder exstrophy -Hypospadias/epispadias -Obstructive uropathy -Hydronephrosis -Vesicoureteral reflux

Assessment Parameters for GU Disorders

-Burning on urination -Changes in voiding patterns -Foul-smelling or dark-colored urine -Vaginal or urethral discharge -Genital pain, irritation, or discomfort -Blood in the urine -Edema -Masses in the groin, scrotum, or abdomen -Flank or abdominal pain; cramps -Distention in lower abdomen -Nausea and/or vomiting -Poor growth; weight gain -Fever -Infectious exposure -Trauma

Common Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests

-CBC, BUN, electrolytes, creatinine, total protein, albumin -Urinalysis (clean catch, suprapubic, or catheterized), culture and sensitivity -Creatinine clearance -Timed urine collections (24 hours) for creatinine, total protein -Cystoscopy, urodynamic studies -Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) -Renal ultrasound, intravenous pyelogram (IVP) -Renal biopsy

The nurse is taking a health history of a child with suspected acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Which response would alert the nurse to a confirmed risk factor for this condition? 1. "He just got over a head cold with laryngitis." 2. "My child is just 18 months old." 3. "My child has not been sick at all." 4. "She has been very healthy up to now."

"He just got over a head cold with laryngitis."

The nurse is taking a health history of a toddler with a suspected congenital heart defect. Which response by the mother could indicate that the child is experiencing a mild hyper cyanotic spells 1. "He does not seem to have difficulty breathing." 2. "He takes one nap a day and is fairly active." 3. "He likes to stop and squat wherever he walks." 4. "He walks very quickly and never stops moving."

"He likes to stop and squat wherever he walks."

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of an 18-month-old toddler who has dehydration as a result of acute diarrhea. Which of the following statements by the parent indicate an understanding of the teaching? 1. "I will monitor child's number of wet diapers." 2. "I will give my child polyethylene glycol daily for 7 days." 3. "I will offer my child small amounts of juice frequently." 4. "I will avoid giving my child solid foods until his diarrhea stops."

"I will monitor child's number of wet diapers."

The mother of a 3-week-old infant brings her daughter in for an evaluation. During the visit, the mother tells the nurse that her baby is spitting up after feedings. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? 1. "Your daughter might have an allergy." 2. "We need to tell the doctor about this." 3. "Infants this age commonly spit up." 4. "Don't worry; you're just feeding her too much."

"Infants this age commonly spit up."

A nurse is caring for a 10-year-old boy with nocturnal enuresis with no physiologic cause. He says he is embarrassed and wishes he could stop immediately. How should the nurse respond? 1. "There are almost 5 million people that have enuresis." 2. "You will grow out of this eventually; you just need to be patient." 3. "The pull-ups look just like underwear; no one has to know." 4. "There are several things that we can do to help you achieve this goal."

"There are several things that we can do to help you achieve this goal."

The parents of a child with rheumatic fever express concern that their other children will develop the disease. Which response from the nurse is best? 1. "This disease is not contagious." 2. "Medicine is available to prevent this, so check with your primary care provider." 3. "Your other children are girls, so they are less likely to get it." 4. "Your other children are as likely to develop this disease."

"This disease is not contagious."

Renal Failure

-Condition in which the kidneys cannot concentrate urine, conserve electrolytes, or excrete waste products. -May be acute or chronic -When acute renal failure continues to progress, it becomes chronic (also known as end-stage renal disease [ESRD]). -Dialysis and kidney transplantation are treatment modalities used for ESRD.

A infant year old is being given Digoxin elixir. The nurse is providing teaching to the mother prior to discharge from the hospital.The nurse advised the mother to take the infant's pulse and to withhold administration if the child has a pulse less than: 1. 110 bpm 2. 60 bpm 3. 40 bmp 4. 90 bpm

90 bpm

A five-year-old female who has been sick at home for the past three days running a fever and not eating or drinking well according to the parents. This girl is admitted to the unit for treatment of rheumatic fever. What labs does the nurse anticipate will be ordered by the physician? (Select all that apply) 1. C-reactive protein 2. Antistreptolysin O Titer 3. Group B strep 4. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

C-reactive protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

An 8-year-old girl who had a previous throat infection and was referred by her family provider to a pediatric cardiologist for suspected rheumatic fever. The nurse explains to the parents a common, serious complication of rheumatic fever is? 1. Cardiac valve damage 2. Cardiac arrhythmias 3. Pulmonary hypertension 4. Seizures

Cardiac valve damage

The nurse reviews the record of a newborn infant and notes that a diagnosis of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is suspected. The nurse expects to note which most likely sign of this condition documented in the record? 1. Coughing at night time 2. Incessant crying 3. Choking with feedings 4. Severe projectile vomiting

Choking with feedings

Which of the following should the nurse include when completing discharge instructions for the parents of a 12-month-old child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease (KD) and being discharged to home? 1. Continue low dose Aspirin for 6 months. 2. Offer the child extra fluids every 2 hours for 2 weeks. 3. Check the child's blood pressure daily until the follow-up appointment. 4. Call the primary health care provider if the irritability lasts for 2 more weeks.

Continue low dose Aspirin for 6 months.

A 12-year-old girl who is short for her age comes in the ER complaining of pain in the umbilical region, losing weight, low grade fever, diarrhea, loss of appetite. The nurse taking in the patients history suspects she might have? 1. Mekel's diverticulum 2. IBS 3. Pyloric stenosis 4. Crohns Disease

Crohns Disease

The nurse is providing care to a child with an intussusception. The child has a bowel movement and the nurse inspects the stool. The nurse would document the stool's appearance most likely as which of the following? 1. Clay-colored 2. Currant jelly-like 3. Tea colored 4. Greasy

Currant jelly-like

UTI

Epidemiology: Risk factors-urinary stasis, urinary tract anomalies, reflux of the urinary system, constipation, toilet training, uncircumcised males, females short urethra, synthetic underwear, wet bathing suits, sexual activity Manifestation: Infants-increased irritability, screaming with urination, --Poor feed, increase thirst, frequent urination, foul-smelling urine, fever, rash, dehydration, Seizure, pallor Children-abdominal or back pain, pain with urination --Poor appetite, vomiting, slow growth, increase thirst, enuresis, frequent urination, seizures, pallor, fatigue, hematuria, edema, HTN, tetany Diagnosis-Lab/Radiology: UA with C & S (sterile or clean-catch), Ultrasound, VCU, IVP, Dimer acid scan Treatment-Medications: antibiotics Nursing Plan of Care: wipe front to back, retract and clean foreskin of males, keep underwear dry, adequate hydration, avoid bubble baths, avoid constipation, sexually active adolescent to avoid immediately after intercourse

A nurse is conducting a physical examination of an infant and observes the urethral opening on the top side of the penis. The nurse documents this finding as which of the following? 1. Hydrocele 2. Hypospadias 3. Varicocele 4. Epispadias

Epispadias

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local parent group about urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Which of the following would the nurse incorporate into the presentation as the most common cause? 1. Klebsiella 2. Escherichia coli 3. Staphylococcus aureus 4. Pseudomonas

Escherichia coli

Bladder exstrophy

Eversion of the posterior bladder through the anterior bladder wall and Lower abdominal wall. Requires surgical repair Keep infant supine position, keep bladder moist and cover with plastic bag, change soiled diapers immediately to prevent contamination of bladder with feces, prevent abdominal skin break down by applying protective barrier.

The parents of a 6-week-old boy come to the clinic for evaluation because the infant has been vomiting. The parents report that the vomiting has been increasing in frequency and forcefulness over the last week. The mother says, "Sometimes, it seems like it just bursts out of his mouth." A diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is suspected. When performing the physical examination, which of the following would the nurse most likely find? 1. Tenderness over the McBurney point in the right lower quadrant 2. Abdominal pain in the epigastric or umbilical region 3. Sausage-shaped mass in the upper mid-abdomen 4. Hard, moveable, olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant

Hard, moveable, olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant

Acquired heart disease defined

Heart disease that arises after birth, usually from infection or through the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries that feed the heart muscle. Heart failure is most common reason for admission.

A child with Kawasaki disease is admitted to the pediatric unit. The nurse is reviewing the MAR and would expect to find which of the following medications. (Select all that apply) 1. Epogin 2. Immunoglobulin (IGg) 3. Aspirin 4. Ibuprofen 5. Prostaglandin E

Immunoglobulin (IGg), Aspirin

Which of the following condition in the pediatric patient are you going to be administering initial high doses of aspirin to treat the child? 1. Kawasaki's Disease 2. ASD 3. Kwashiorkor Disease 4. Rheumatic Fever

Kawasaki's Disease

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a child and finds that the child has a grade IV murmur. After auscultating the child's heart sounds, the nurse would document this murmur as which of the following? 1. Loud without a thrill 2. Loud, heard without stethoscope 3. Loud murmur with a thrill 4. Soft easily heard murmur

Loud murmur with a thrill

The nurse has developed a plan of care for a 12-month-old hospitalized with severe dehydration as a result of rotavirus. Which intervention would the nurse include in the plan of care? 1. Encouraging milk products to boost caloric intake 2. Encouraging consumption of fruit juice 3. Maintaining the intravenous (IV) fluid rate as ordered 4. Offering Kool-Aid or popsicles as tolerated

Maintaining the intravenous (IV) fluid rate as ordered

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Often typically preceded by diarrheal illness that includes hemorrhagic colitis. (blood clots in kidneys) Damage is due to microthrombotic events in kidneys. Characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, ARF. Other possible causes: -Idiopathic -Inherited -Drug related -Association with malignancies -Transplantation -Malignant hypertension

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a child and finds that the child has a grade II murmur. After auscultating the child's heart sounds, the nurse would document this murmur as which of the following? 1. Loud, audible with a stethoscope 2. Soft and easily heard 3. Loud without a thrill 4. Loud with a precordial thrill

Soft and easily heard

A 2-month-old is brought into the ED by her mother. The mother indicates that the infant has not been breastfeeding very well and is worried. The nurse explains that this young infant is experiencing moderate dehydration? The nurse would tell the mother to watch for which sign of moderate dehydration in her young infant? 1. Pale extremities 2. Tenting of skin 3. Sunken fontanels 4. Hypotension

Sunken fontanels

Disorders with decreased pulmonary blood flow

Tetralogy of Fallot Tricuspid atresia

A 15-year-old boy comes to the emergency department accompanied by his parents. The boy reports an abrupt onset of sudden pain on the right side of his scrotum. When asked to rate his pain on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the most severe, the boy states "it's a 12." Further assessment reveals a blue-black swelling on the affected side. The nurse suspects testicular torsion and immediately notifies the physician because: 1. Intravenous antibiotics need to be initiated 2. The boy is at risk for sepsis 3. Renal failure is imminent 4. The condition is a surgical emergency

The condition is a surgical emergency

A 15-year-old boy comes to the emergency department accompanied by his parents. The boy reports an abrupt onset of sudden pain on the right side of his scrotum. When asked to rate his pain on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the most severe, the boy states "it's a 12." Further assessment reveals a blue-black swelling on the affected side. The nurse suspects testicular torsion and immediately notifies the physician because: 1. Renal failure is imminent 2. The boy is at risk for sepsis 3. Intravenous antibiotics need to be initiated 4. The condition is a surgical emergency

The condition is a surgical emergency

The mother of a child with end-stage renal disease asks the nurse why her son is getting an injection of erythropoietin. When responding to the mother, the nurse explains this as the rationale. 1. To stimulate red blood cell growth 2. To correct acidosis 3. To treat low calcium 4. To stimulate growth in stature

To stimulate red blood cell growth

A nurse is providing pediatric cardiac education to a group of nursing students. A mixed cardiac defect is actually a collection of more than one defect in which the blood flow has poor oxygenation and flows in all directions rather than right to left or left to right shunting. Which of the following is considered a mixed cardiac defect (mixed blood flow)? 1. Patent ductus arteriosus 2. Pulmonic stenosis 3. Transposition of the great arteries 4. Atrial septal defect

Transposition of the great arteries

Congenital heart disease defined

abnormalities in the heart at birth; accounts for the largest percentage of all birth defects.

A six-year-old male with a sore throat and fever has tested positive on a rapid strep throat swab. It is important that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis be treated with antibiotics to prevent what complication? 1. diabetes insipidus. 2. otitis media. 3. necrotic syndrome. 4. acute rheumatic fever.

acute rheumatic fever.

It is important that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis be treated with antibiotics to prevent what complication? 1. nephrotic syndrome. 2. diabetes insipidus. 3. otitis media. 4. acute rheumatic fever.

acute rheumatic fever.

Obstructive disorders

coarctation of the aorta aortic stenosis pulmonary stenosis

Hypospadias

congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip. the urethral opening is located on the ventral side of the penis.

disorders with increased pulmonary blood flow

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) atrial septal defect (ASD) ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A 2-year-old Caucasian male has been diagnosed with Hemolytic Uremic Disease (HUS). The provider explains that HUS is an acute renal disease characterized by acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The nurse knows that which of the following is true regarding HUS? (Select all that apply) 1. patient should avoid alfalfa sprouts 2. toxins enter the bloodstream and destroy red blood cells 3. one of main causes of acute renal failure 4. 90% of diarrhea cases are caused Shiga toxin/E coli 5. Proteinuria: protein greater than 2+ on dipstick

patient should avoid alfalfa sprouts, toxins enter the bloodstream and destroy red blood cells, one of main causes of acute renal failure, 90% of diarrhea cases are caused Shiga toxin/E coli

A mother brings her Tasha, her 7-year-old daughter in to the pediatric office. She complains that Tasha is has been having frequent staining on her underwear and crying when she tries to "poop". Tasha is diagnosed with encopresis. The pediatrician explains that the Tasha has encopresis and will require treatment with which of the following medications for at least six months? 1. Milk of Magnesia 2. polysterate 3. polyethylene glycol 4. polypropaline

polyethylene glycol

A 5-year-old female has come to the ED with complaints of high fever and development of a red rash especially on torso. The nurse suspects Kawasaki disease. What additional findings might indicate that the nurse is correct? Select all that apply 1. Runny watery eyes 2. swollen red lips 3. redness on palms of hands and soles of feet 4. Strawberry tongue 5. Elevated fever responds to high doses of Aspirin

swollen red lips, redness on palms of hands and soles of feet, Strawberry tongue

Collection of urinary/stool sample from a child

urine bag adhesively attached to infants and toddlers not toilet trained; use a Cath urinary if clean catch is needed; older children can use hat on the toilet.

Differences in Physiology and Anatomy of Children Affecting Genitourinary System

-Kidney: large in relation to the stomach; prone to injury. -Urethra: shorter; risk for bacteria into bladder (UTI). -Glomerular filtration rate: slower in infant; risk for dehydration.(can't hold on to fluids) -Bladder capacity: 30 mL in newborn; increases to adult size by 1 year. -Reproductive organs: immature at birth until adolescence.

Significant Data When Assessing Past Medical History for GU Disorders

-Past medical history -Maternal polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, diabetes, hypertension, or alcohol or cocaine ingestion. -Neonatal history -Presence of a single umbilical artery, abdominal mass, chromosome abnormality, or congenital malformation. -Family history -Renal disease or uropathology, chronic UTIs, renal calculi, or a history of parental enuresis.

Male Reproductive Disorder

-Phimosis -Cryptorchidism -Hydrocele -Testicular torsion

Definitions Related to Enuresis

-Primary enuresis: enuresis in the child who has never achieved voluntary bladder control. -Secondary enuresis: urinary incontinence in the child who previously demonstrated bladder control over a period of at least 3 to 6 consecutive months. -Diurnal enuresis: daytime loss of urinary control. -Nocturnal enuresis: nighttime bedwetting.

Urinary and Renal Disorders -Acquired/functional disorders

-UTI -Enuresis -Acute glomerulonephritis -Hemolytic-uremic syndrome -Renal failure (acute and chronic)

The nurse is determining maintenance fluid requirements for a child who weighs 25 kg. How much fluid would the child need per day? 24 Hour Fluid Requirements 100 ml/kg for the first 10kg 50 ml/kg for the second 10kg 20 ml/kg for remaining number of kgs 1. 1,560 mL 2. 1,600 mL 3. 1,650 mL 4. 1,700 mL

1,600 mL

The physician orders ibuprofen 10mg/kg for a child who weighs 54 lbs. It is available 100mg/5ml. How many milliliters do you give? Round kg to hundredth. Round ml to hundredth 1. 13.40 mL 2. 12.28 mL 3. 11.12mL 4. 12.86mL

12.28 mL

The nurse is caring for an infant with bladder exstrophy. As part of the infant's preoperative plan of care, the nurse monitors for abdominal skin excoriation. Which action would be most appropriate for promoting healing and preventing further skin breakdown? 1. Covering the area with sterile gauze pads after tub baths 2. Applying a barrier/healing cream or paste on skin 3. Keeping the bladder moist and covered with a dry dressing 4. Cleaning the area well with a scented diaper wipe

Applying a barrier/healing cream or paste on skin

A 10 year-old boy has just had abdominal surgery as a result of a perforated appendix. The nurse is assessing the child immediately postoperative following the perforated appendix repair. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? 1. Absence of peristalsis 2. Purulent nasogastric drainage 3. WBC 7000mm 4. Passage of dark red stool with mucus

Absence of peristalsis

The nurse is creating a plan of care for an infant with nephrotic syndrome with 3+ pitting edema. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? 1. Place the toddler in airborne isolation 2. Increase oral fluids 3. Administer corticosteroids to the toddler 4. Increase the toddlers sodium intake

Administer corticosteroids to the toddler

The nurse on the pediatric unit is preparing to care for a child with a diagnosis of intussusception. The nurse reviews the child's record and expects to note which sign of this disorder documented? 1. Profuse projectile vomiting 2. Watery diarrhea 3. Ribbon-like stools 4. Bright red blood and mucus in the stools

Bright red blood and mucus in the stools

The nurse is preparing to give injectable digoxin (Lanoxin) to a 9-month-old infant. The nurse checks the dose; 4 mL of the drug is to be drawn up. Based on the nurse's knowledge of this medication and safe pediatric dosages, the most appropriate action by the nurse is 1. Do not draw-up dose; suspect dosage error. 2. Check heart rate; administer dose by placing it to the back and side of mouth. 3. Mix dose with juice to disguise its taste. 4. Check heart rate; administer dose by letting infant suck it through a nipple.

Do not draw-up dose; suspect dosage error.

A child has come to the pediatric office with her 4 year-old. He is small for his age. When giving the child's history the mother reports that as a newborn infant did not pass meconium stool in the first 24 hours of life. The mother reports that the child is having long ribbon-like foul smelling stools. This child likely has which of the following 1. Intussussception 2. Meckel's Diverticulitis 3. Celiac Disease 4. Hirschspung's Disease

Hirschspung's Disease

A nurse is conducting a physical examination of an infant and observes the urethral opening on the bottom side of the penis. The nurse documents this finding as which of the following? 1. Hydrocele 2. Hypospadias 3. Varicocele 4. Epispadias

Hypospadias

Many congenital heart diseases result in heart failure or manifest symptoms of heart failure. A nurse is assessing a preschooler who has been diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? 1. Increased urine output 2. Orthopnea 3. Bradycardia 4. Strong peripheral pulses

Orthopnea

Jason an 8-year-old male patient is being admitted to the Pediatric Unit. When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease, the nurse should know which information regarding therapeutic management? 1. The principal area of involvement is the joints 2. A child's fever is usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours 3. Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and high dose aspirin 4. Aspirin is contraindicated

Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and high dose aspirin

T/F- The nurse auscultates the fistula for the presence of a bruit in a child receiving chronic hemodialysis. This is a desired normal finding.

True. In the child who receives chronic hemodialysis, the nurse should auscultate the fistula for presence of a bruit, which is a desired normal finding. Rationale: If the child undergoes hemodialysis, the nurse should assess the fistula or graft site for the presence of a bruit and a thrill. The nurse should notify the physician or nurse practitioner immediately if either is absent.

Manny, a 7 year-old has just had his tonsils removed. After the tonsillectomy, Manny begins to vomit bright red blood. The nurse should take which initial action? 1. Turn the child to the side 2. Administer the prescribed antiemetic 3. Maintain NPO status 4. Notify the provider (HCP)

Turn the child to the side

A female adolescent comes to the clinic for an evaluation. Assessment reveals a possible urinary tract infection. What would the nurse expect to be done to confirm this suspicion? 1. Kidneys, ureter, and bladder scan 2. Intravenous pyelogram 3. Renal ultrasound 4. Urine culture

Urine culture

Nursing students are reviewing information about the different types of congenital heart defects. They demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a disorder with increased pulmonary blood flow? Select all that apply. 1. Ventricular septal defect 2. Atrioventricular septal defect 3. Pulmonary stenosis 4. Patent ductus arteriosus 5. Coarctation of the aorta

Ventricular septal defect, Atrioventricular septal defect, Patent ductus arteriosus

Zack is a 4-year-old admitted to the Day Surgery Unit for an outpatient procedure. Which explanation regarding the cardiac catheterization is appropriate for a school age child? 1. The test is short, usually taking less than 1 hour. 2. When the procedure is done, you will have to keep your leg straight for at least 4 hours. 3. It is necessary to be completely "asleep" during the test. 4. Postural drainage will be performed every 4 to 6 hours after the test.

When the procedure is done, you will have to keep your leg straight for at least 4 hours.

Epispadias

a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethra is on the upper surface of the penis. the urethral opening is located on the dorsal side of the penis.

The nurse is caring for a school-age child who has had a cardiac catheterization. The child tells the nurse that the bandage is "too wet." The nurse finds the bandage and bed soaked with blood. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action? 1. notify physician 2. place the child in Trendelenburg position 3. apply new bandage with more pressure 4. apply direct pressure above catheterization site

apply direct pressure above catheterization site

The nurse is percussing the abdomen of a child and notes a dull sound indicating a full bladder. At what anatomic location would this sound be heard? a. Over the spleen b. At the right costal margin c. Over the kidneys d. Above the symphysis pubis

d. Above the symphysis pubis. When percussing the abdomen a dull sound over the symphysis pubis indicates a full bladder. Rationale: Dullness is usually heard over the spleen at the right costal margin, over the kidneys, and 1 to 3 cm below the left costal margin. A full bladder may yield dullness above the symphysis pubis.

female child reproductive organ disorder

labial adhesions- wet skin causes skin break down that in turn causes labia's to adhere together. treatment- estrogen cream applied once or twice a day for 24 to 48 hours. Vulvovaginitis- bacterial or yeast overgrowth; caused by bubble baths, perfumes, colors placed in bath water; poor hygiene; staying wet in bathing suit; tight clothing causing a rash(wear cotton underwear); try to avoid scratching.

Circumcision

surgical removal of the foreskin Benefits -Decreased incidence of UTI, sexually transmitted infections, AIDS, and penile cancer, and in female partners a decreased occurrence of cervical cancer. Complications -Alterations in the urinary meatus, unintentional removal of excessive amounts of foreskin, or damage to the glans penis.