NUR5003 - Patho Review 10

Which information is correct regarding relative risk? Relative risk indicates the: Number of new cases of a disease in a specific time period Proportion of a population with a disease at one time point Chance of developing a disease relative to an exposure Ability of a causative factor to produce a disease

-3. Chance of developing a disease relative to an exposure. -Relative risk is the ratio of the incidence a disease in those exposed to a risk factor to the incidence of the disease in those not exposed to the risk factor. This is a common indicator of the effects of specific risk factors.

Quantitative traits

-Are measured on a continuous numeric scale -follow a normal bell curve for distribution

What is a polygenic trait?

-Effects of multiple genes cause the variations in traits. -Focus is on the genes----usually many (poly) genes.

What are multifactorial traits?

-Genetic and environmental or lifestyle factors cause the variations in traits. -Additive effects of many genetic and environmental factors cause multifactorial traits.

Threshold model

-Liability distribution >Does not follow the bell-shaped distribution >Appears to be either present or absent in individuals >Does not follow the inheritance patterns expected of single-gene diseases. -Has a low end of getting the disease, compared with

What is a relative risk?

-The incidence rate of a disease among individuals exposed to a risk factor divided by the incidence rate of the disease among individuals NOT exposed to a risk factor. - Many factors, including age, gender, diet, exercise, and family history of the disease, can influence the risk. > Complex interactions occur among genetic and non genetic factors; each factor can be quantified in terms of relative risks

What is an incidence rate?

-The number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period (typically one year) divided by the number of individuals in the population.

Prevalence rate

-The proportion of the population affected by a disease at a specific point in time. -Varies from population to population